Occurrence of Indoleacetaldehyde and Tryptophol in the Extracts of Etiolated Shoots of Pisum and Helianthus Seedlings

Presence of a non-acidic, growth-promoting indole compound, identical in R_f and colour reaction and closely similar in UV spectrum to synthetic indoleacetaldehyde (IAAId) has been demonstrated in extracts of etiolated shoots of Pisum and Helianthus. On chemical as well as enzymic oxidation of this neutral extract, activity passes over into the acidic fraction. This neutral substance is believed to be IAAId and occurs in the free state as short-term, low temperature extractions indicate. On the basis of R_f, colour reaction and UV spectrum, tryptophol has also been identified in Helianthus extracts. Its identification in pea extracts, however, rests only on R_f, colour reaction and inactivity in Avena bioassays.     

RAPD, SCAR and conserved 18S rDNA markers for a red-listed and endemic medicinal plant species, Knema andamanica (Myristicaceae)

Knema andamanica is a red-listed endemic medicinal species of Myristicaceae restricted to Andaman and Nicobar (A&N) Islands, India. This species is used in tribal medicines and has immense bioprospective potential. With a view to generate suitable genomic markers for classification and identification, we have generated RAPD, SCAR and conserved 18S rDNA markers from K. andamanica. A unique 585 bp fragment, that distinguished it from seven other related species of Myristicaceae was first amplified using the random primer OPE 06 and converted to SCAR marker (GenBank accession # JN228256). The conserved sequences of 18S rDNA loci from K. andamanica were also amplified and sequenced (GenBank accession #JN228265). The sequence revealed deviations including 18 variable regions and 15 indels that were unique to K. andamanica. These markers can help in definite identification of K. andamanica even at the juvenile stages.     

Respiratory metabolism of Utah chub, Gila atraria (Girard) and speckled dace, Rhinichthys osculus (Girard)

Measurements of active, standard and routine oxygen consumption were made for 207 Utah chub at 6°, 9°, 12°, 18° and 22° C; and 123 speckled dace at 4°, 8°, 12° and 18° C. These were expressed as mathematical functions of water temperature and size of the fish. The mean slopes of log_e oxygen consumption (mg O₂/h) and log_e wet weight (g) were 0.771, 0.526, and 0.619 for active, standard, and routine rates respectively for Utah chub, and 0.943, 0.486, and 0.683 respectively for speckled dace.     

Scoring function to predict solubility mutagenesis

Background  

Mutagenesis is commonly used to engineer proteins with desirable properties not present in the wild type (WT) protein, such as increased or decreased stability, reactivity, or solubility. Experimentalists often have to choose a small subset of mutations from a large number of candidates to obtain the desired change, and computational techniques are invaluable to make the choices. While several such methods have been proposed to predict stability and reactivity mutagenesis, solubility has not received much attention.     

Preliminary studies on the conversion of Tubifex tubifex as food by elvers of Anguilla nebulosa (Gray and Hardwicke)

Elvers of Anguilla nebulosa were reared at 23°C in confined waters and their food intake, growth and conversion efficiency (K₁:%) were studied. Elvers weighing 278.33±14.35 mg were fed on an ad libitum diet of the oligochaete worm Tubifex tubifex for 60 days. On an average, the test individuals consumed 99.55±19.81 mg food/elver/day amounting to 35.76% of the initial biomass; during the corresponding period the elvers exhibited a growth rate of 5.03±2.42 mg gain in weight/elver/day which is equivalent to 5.06% of the consumed food. Thus the 'housekeeping' of these elvers may be regarded as established. In 50 days, the food required amounts to 0.358±50 = 17.90 times the initially stocked biomass. That is, 1 kg of initially stocked elvers may need 17.90 kg of T. tubifex to produce 0.912 kg of elver meat. A poor conversion ratio of 20 : 1 may be one reason for the slow growth of the elvers.     

Monosaccharides bound to hemoglobins in normal and diabetic individuals. Evidence for glucose, mannose and galactose as sugars released by methanolysis of the different hemoglobin components

Direct evidence is given for the presence of glucose, mannose and galactose as the products of hydrolysis of hemoglobins A1a1, A1a2, A1b, A1c and A0. The presence of galactose cannot be explained by the earlier hypothesis of Amadori rearrangement and suggests the existence of further complex rearrangements. Monosaccharide content of the different hemoglobin components varies from 0.2-2.0 mol/mol of alpha beta dimer with an increase of 1.5-2.0-times in diabetic components. This increase is not accompanied by net charge differences, suggesting that additionally bound sugars are not responsible for the pI modification of these hemoglobins. The pattern of glucose, mannose and galactose ratio in normal individuals divides these hemoglobins into two classes, hemoglobins A1b, A1c and A0 (ratio 0.60:0.25:0.15) on one hand and hemoglobins A1a1 and A1a2 (ratio 0.40:0.40: 0.20) on the other. These findings suggest that diverse mechanisms for sugar binding might exist between these two classes of glycosylated hemoglobins. This difference disappears in diabetic components suggesting that the non-NH2-terminal sites are glycosylated in all components by a common mechanism. Increase in glucose at the expense of mannose and galactose, as observed in diabetics, could be an indicator of recent glycosylation.     

Recovery of two exotic parasites,Trichogramma brasiliensis [Hym.: Trichogrammatidae] andEucelatoria bryani [Dip.: Tachinidae] fromHeliothis armigera [Lep.: Noctuidae] in tomato fields

Heliothis armigera (Hübner) is a major pest of several crops especially tomato and pulses in India. Indigenous natural enemies likeCarcelia illota Curr.,Campoletis chlorideae Uchida,Trichogramma chilonis Ishii andHexamermis sp are unable to exert adequate control ofH. armigera in tomato. Field trials were conducted with 2 exotic parasites,Trichogramma brasiliensis (Ashmead) andEucelatoria bryani Sabrosky in tomato fields around Bangalore. Both the parasites were recovered fromH. armigera in tomato fields. Field parasitism inH. armigera byT. brasiliensis ranged from 34.6 to 51.3%. WithE. bryani, the parasitism ranged from 0.0 to 8.0%.     

Effect of aminophylline preperfusion on digoxin-induced cardiac arrest in isolated frog heart.

Digoxin (DGN) and aminophylline (theophylline ethylenediamine, APH) being frequently prescribed cardioactive drugs, the present study investigated the effect of APH (10(-4) M) preperfusion on DGN-cardiotoxicity employing the isolated frog heart preparation. The mean DGN perfusion time (sec) and mean DGN exposure (microgram/10 mg heart wt.) for cardiac arrest were the parameters studied. APH preperfusion caused a significant elevation in both the parameters, signifying that it afforded protection against DGN-cardiotoxicity. This protective effect was not observed with the preperfusion of ethylenediamine (EDA) instead of APH, which led to the inference that the protective effect of APH was solely due to its theophylline component. The present finding that APH-pretreatment might modulate DGN-cardiotoxicity, of considerable pharmaco-toxicological interest.