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91.
Iraldo Fabio Griesshammer Rainer Kahlenborn Walter 《The International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment》2020,25(5):833-839
The International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment - 相似文献
92.
Laban Musinguzi Samuel Bassa Vianny Natugonza Maarten Van Steenberge William Okello Jos Snoeks Rainer Froese 《Zeitschrift fur angewandte Ichthyologie》2021,37(2):216-226
The unknown status of inland fish stocks hinders their sustainable management. Therefore, increasing stock status information is important for sustainable inland fisheries. Fisheries reference points were estimated for five exploited fish species (11 stocks) in the Lake Edward system, East Africa, which is one of the most productive inland water systems. The aim was to ascertain the status of the fisheries and establish reference points for effective management. The reference points were based on four linked stock assessment approaches for data-limited fisheries. Estimates showed poor stock status with the stocks defined as either collapsed, recruitment impaired or overfished. However, higher catches could be obtained under sustainable management. Estimates of maximum sustainable yield (MSY) and supporting biomass (Bmsy) are provided for 10 of the stocks as targets for rebuilding plans. The immediate target of management should be rebuilding biomass to Bmsy. Applicable measures include shifting length at first capture to the length that maximizes catch without endangering size structure and biomass, and livelihood diversification out of fisheries. 相似文献
93.
Manfred Schartl Susanne Kneitz Jenny Ormanns Cornelia Schmidt Jennifer L. Anderson Angel Amores Julian Catchen Catherine Wilson Dietmar Geiger Kang Du Mateo Garcia-Olazábal Sudha Sudaram Christoph Winkler Rainer Hedrich Wesley C. Warren Ronald Walter Axel Meyer John H. Postlethwait 《Current biology : CB》2021,31(5):911-922.e4
94.
Manuele Gori Sara Maria Giannitelli Andrea Zancla Pamela Mozetic Marcella Trombetta Nicol Merendino Alberto Rainer 《Biotechnology and bioengineering》2021,118(1):142-152
Organs‐on‐chip (OoCs) are catching on as a promising and valuable alternative to animal models, in line with the 3Rs initiative. OoCs enable the creation of three‐dimensional (3D) tissue microenvironments with physiological and pathological relevance at unparalleled precision and complexity, offering new opportunities to model human diseases and to test the potential therapeutic effect of drugs, while overcoming the limited predictive accuracy of conventional 2D culture systems. Here, we present a liver‐on‐a‐chip model to investigate the effects of two naturally occurring polyphenols, namely quercetin and hydroxytyrosol, on nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) using a high‐content analysis readout methodology. NAFLD is currently the most common form of chronic liver disease; however, its complex pathogenesis is still far from being elucidated, and no definitive treatment has been established so far. In our experiments, we observed that both polyphenols seem to restrain the progression of the free fatty acid‐induced hepatocellular steatosis, showing a cytoprotective effect due to their antioxidant and lipid‐lowering properties. In conclusion, the findings of the present work could guide novel strategies to contrast the onset and progression of NAFLD. 相似文献
95.
Pacific giant salamanders (Dicamptodon) rank among the largest terrestrial caudates. Their ontogeny produces two distinct morphs—larval‐neotenic and metamorphosed—which differ in many morphological traits. We identified changes that are initiated by metamorphosis (distinguishing transformed from neotenic specimens) and also recognized age‐related changes occurring irrespective of transformation. During metamorphosis, specimens remodel the palate, rearrange the vomerine dentition, expand the maxilla, broaden the cheek, foreshorten the posterior skull table and develop specific serrated suture patterns in the dermal bones. Instead, large larvae grow a robust pterygoid sutured with a fully ossified trapezoidal vomer and a short maxilla. Small larvae are readily distinguished by tooth count, morphology and arrangement from more advanced larvae. Age‐related features, irrespective of metamorphosis, include pedicellate teeth, morphological differentiation of parasphenoid, enlargement of the orbitosphenoid, distal expansion of columella, and loss of coronoid teeth. 相似文献
96.
97.
Anett Mau-Moeller Martin Behrens Tobias Lindner Rainer Bader Sven Bruhn 《Journal of electromyography and kinesiology》2013,23(3):640-648
Substantial evidence exists for the age-related decline in maximal strength and strength development. Despite the importance of knee extensor strength for physical function and mobility in the elderly, studies focusing on the underlying neuromuscular mechanisms of the quadriceps muscle weakness are limited.The aim of this study was to investigate the contributions of age-related neural and muscular changes in the quadriceps muscle to decreases in isometric maximal voluntary torque (iMVT) and explosive voluntary strength. The interpolated twitch technique and normalized surface electromyography (EMG) signal during iMVT were analyzed to assess changes in neural drive to the muscles of 15 young and 15 elderly volunteers. The maximal rate of torque development as well as rate of torque development, impulse and neuromuscular activation in the early phase of contraction were determined. Spinal excitability was estimated using the H reflex technique. Changes at the muscle level were evaluated by analyzing the contractile properties and lean mass.The age-related decrease in iMVT was accompanied by a decline in voluntary activation and normalized surface EMG amplitude. Mechanical parameters of explosive voluntary strength were reduced while the corresponding muscle activation remained primarily unchanged. The spinal excitability of the vastus medialis was not different while M wave latency was longer. Contractile properties and lean mass were reduced.In conclusion, the age-related decline in iMVT of the quadriceps muscle might be due to a reduced neural drive and changes in skeletal muscle properties. The decrease in explosive voluntary strength seemed to be more affected by muscular than by neural changes. 相似文献
98.
Antibodies and antibody-based drugs are currently the fastest-growing class of therapeutics. Over the last three decades, more than 30 therapeutic monoclonal antibodies and derivatives thereof have been approved for and successfully applied in diverse indication areas including cancer, organ transplants, autoimmune/inflammatory disorders, and cardiovascular disease. The isotype of choice for antibody therapeutics is human IgG, whose Fc region contains a ubiquitous asparagine residue (N297) that acts as an acceptor site for N-linked glycans. The nature of these glycans can decisively influence the therapeutic performance of a recombinant antibody, and their absence or modification can lead to the loss of Fc effector functions, greater immunogenicity, and unfavorable pharmacokinetic profiles. However, recent studies have shown that aglycosylated antibodies can be genetically engineered to display novel or enhanced effector functions and that favorable pharmacokinetic properties can be preserved. Furthermore, the ability to produce aglycosylated antibodies in lower eukaryotes and bacteria offers the potential to broaden and simplify the production platforms and avoid the problem of antibody heterogeneity, which occurs when mammalian cells are used for production. In this review, we discuss the importance of Fc glycosylation focusing on the use of aglycosylated and glyco-engineered antibodies as therapeutic proteins. 相似文献
99.
Marri Lönnberg Pertti Lehikoinen Rainer Käppi 《Nucleosides, nucleotides & nucleic acids》2013,32(1-2):397-398
Abstract Kinetics of the reactions of 6-substituted 9-(β-Q-ribofuranosyl)purines with aqueous alkalies have been studied liquid chromatographicaIly. 相似文献
100.
Albrecht K. Kleinschmidt Gerd Baumann Rainer Martin 《Nucleosides, nucleotides & nucleic acids》2013,32(9-11):1793-1800
Abstract The strategies for packaging the T4 coliphage chromosome are presented. Our probability model based on fractality of DNA “globules” (fasces-like DNA globules) is consistent with transient condensation modelling to the final maximally condensed state. 相似文献