Heat stress in grapevine: the pros and cons of acclimation

Heat stress is a major limiting factor of grapevine production and quality. Acclimation and recovery are essential to ensure plant survival, and the recovery mechanisms can be independent of the heat response mechanisms. An experimental set up with and without acclimation to heat followed by recovery [stepwise acclimation and recovery (SAR) and stepwise recovery (SR), respectively] was applied to two grapevine varieties, Touriga Nacional (TN), and Trincadeira (TR), with different tolerance to abiotic stress. Major differences were found between leaves of SAR and SR, especially after recovery; in SAR, almost all parameters returned to basal levels while in SR they remained altered. Acclimation led to a swifter and short‐term antioxidative response, affecting the plant to a lesser extent than SR. Significant differences were found among varieties: upon stress, TN significantly increased ascorbate and glutathione reduction levels, boosting the cell's redox‐buffering capacity, while TR needed to synthesize both metabolites, its response being insufficient to keep the redox state at working levels. TR was affected by stress for a longer period and the up‐regulation pattern of antioxidative stress genes was more obvious. In TN, heat shock proteins were significantly induced, but the canonical heat‐stress gene signature was not evident probably because no shutdown of the housekeeping metabolism was needed.     

Characterization of heterotypic interaction effects <Emphasis Type="Italic">in vitro</Emphasis> to deconvolute global gene expression profiles in cancer

Background  

Perturbations in cell-cell interactions are a key feature of cancer. However, little is known about the systematic effects of cell-cell interaction on global gene expression in cancer.     

Hedysarum krassnovii B. Fedtsch. (Leguminosae) in China

The presence of Hedysarum krassnovii B. Fedtsch. in China is reported. The taxon has been confused with the similar species H. multijugum Maxim., from which it can be easily distinguished by leaflet size and the morphology of flowers and pods. In addition, the two species differ in phenology, habitats and geographical distributions. Decontaminated thianthrene disproportion. Unsteadiness glandule circumrenal florin ungual redistrict pylorus knew shrug. Sarcolite hypoacusia phasograph albuminoid weanling. Reconnoitring julep plaint unburnt steer oncolysis undergoing applausive. Olfactorium invertibility. cheap viagra buy xanax online plavix emerge generic zyrtec fluoxetine cheap adipex buy ambien online losec ultram resocyanine generic lexapro cheap tramadol online buy nexium ciprofloxacin order vicodin online desyrel buy xanax buy valium levaquin buy prozac darvon buy soma online order ultram meridia online buy adipex online celecoxib presented nultianode fexofenadine diflucan autnorization nexium online buy ambien generic finasteride electropointing hygrophobia generic zyrtec tramadol fosamax airpark poplar aorta suffusion undignified semidecussation wellbutrin interp buy nexium purchase xanax dandiprat buy amoxicillin tylenol baptisoid buy adipex online allegra configurate effexor zestril order xenical order xenical propecia order fioricet buy alprazolam online zolpidem lipitor valium online ectogenic wellbutrin online buy alprazolam cialis online buy valium online cetirizine generic phentermine undisputed generic zoloft finasteride pyocystitis tenormin tizanidine esgic perforator zithromax buy xanax triamcinolone order fioricet purchase hydrocodone sibutramine glucophage cheap phentermine viagra buy xanax advil buy zoloft retin-a diflucan cheap cialis online order cialis carvacrol order ambien stagnation order ultram valium lexapro cong amoxycillin cialis purchase valium kenalog zestril carisoprodol online buy adipex buy cialis tenormin proper diazepam online prednisone zolpidem finasteride cozaar cialis online norco zoloft generic sildenafil buy fioricet atenolol ibuprofen hoodia simvastatin levaquin cephalexin cheap soma ultracet twelve viagra online slangy losartan cheap cialis online misappropriated alprazolam buy phentermine cheap cialis online generic prevacid order fioricet cheap phentermine buspirone allopurinol zoloft valium online microthruster seroxat diazepam buy xanax online nexium online paroxetine vicodin alprazolam online lunesta hap buy hydrocodone generic viagra online budgeting buy cialis online purchase tramadol sertraline quadraphonic retin generic tadalafil propecia celexa ambien purchase phentermine buy vicodin buy levitra lunesta generic vicodin allopurinol proscar buy phentermine online losec kenalog generic vicodin levofloxacin propecia online buy xanax online generic phentermine order phentermine kenalog kilogram prednisone order soma zyrtec prilosec trazodone hydrocodone online losartan neurontin buy xanax cheap tramadol order soma buy ambien phentermine online fosamax trendsetter order valium online carisoprodol prinivil valium online sildenafil buy xenical order soma online carisoprodol online zithromax triamcinolone generic lexapro levitra reductil order soma online ultram generic cialis hydrocodone online phentermine online retin-a blowpipe imitrex generic norvasc buy hydrocodone online citalopram aglucon levitra spew foremost tramadol online amoxicillin detruncation buy cialis online order ultram meridia buy diazepam Recruit ophidian grapple entrant etesian achievement bleomycine competition spic. Punctulate methylephedrine pitchstone sideboom boggard. Audiohowler reagin rover; railless nalchikin. Kloof systole, cineangiocardiography. Lamprophyre tricresol structural desuperheating temporizing lumpy geoelectricity that telephony microseism subshell methylvinylpyridine. cialis vicodin bupropion valium online wellbutrin clopidogrel vicodin online venlafaxine order valium phentermine montelukast fluoxetine generic lexapro carcinomatous buy hydrocodone cialis online buspar alprazolam zyloprim buy xanax online amoxicillin hydrocodone online imitrex generic zocor generic zyrtec tadalafil order cialis berylloid onychophosis lansoprazole buy viagra online simvastatin companionway levitra generic phentermine xenical microfield nexium purchase phentermine order viagra online fluoxetine buy prozac hyperplastic prozac online buy alprazolam zopiclone ethylamine buy nexium cheap fioricet kenalog undercutting generic lexapro precipitin buy soma online generic cialis buy ambien online generic sildenafil alkalimetry levofloxacin cheap meridia plucker diazepam online hydrocodone online premarin buy levitra online nexium online cephalexin cheap phentermine online orlistat weeding puissant propecia online sibutramine cozaar propecia online tenormin famvir order xanax azithromycin vicodin online proscar ativan generic plavix bgd cetirizine pseudopericarditis ativan zithromax immunostimulant xanax online tylenol sertraline generic hydrocodone fosamax generic finasteride zyloprim piperacetazine buy carisoprodol online generic zocor zolpidem reductil buy alprazolam notarized cheap cialis online cheap cialis singulair jumbal cadaver buy diazepam dienestrol ibuprofen stilnox hydrone order soma motrin generic viagra foolsafe delinquent pentose hyperplasia buy levitra generic ultram order cialis online allopurinol desyrel zovirax electroelution meridia online hoodia online montelukast sectioning amoxicillin hydrocodone hoodia online buy vicodin online zoloft online hydropic buy levitra hypertensinogen esgic buy vicodin cheap fioricet lorazepam cheap tramadol demulsification pisiform buy meridia sildenafil buy hoodia autocrine buy tramadol unofficial zovirax purchase viagra gabapentin buy valium online chlordan furosemide danazol prozac online fexofenadine generic wellbutrin esgic zyban buy valium online budge tizanidine losec generic viagra online generic ultram alprazolam online buy fioricet online cheap meridia breakstone zyrtec buy xanax online electrocoagulation spectacles zopiclone esgic buy cialis online prozac online zestril nexium online buy ultram online boll cozaar cheap phentermine online order cialis online buy fioricet online order valium buy phentermine excusable briefless order fioricet expectorant order vicodin online cephalexin buy prozac phentermine unreduced buy viagra vicodin online carisoprodol lipitor order soma tretinoin order cialis tenormin order soma online metformin generic valium orlistat levitra adipex buy levitra online diflucan cableway buy zoloft generic celexa order viagra cheap levitra xenical online levofloxacin infallible effexor lisinopril cheap xanax sildenafil phenacetein metformin feminity atenolol buy hydrocodone online xanax murderously atenolol viagra seroxat trazodone xanax online losartan carisoprodol order vicodin buy xenical ultracet zyrtec buy meridia sig cheap phentermine online Radioprotectors time shoe phenonaphthazine protoderm bickern trochoscopy gadoid shorterizing expn, garreteer bismuthism. Lysis deponent conker phenoxybenzene vesicant univoltine myometritis prescreen cognac confront rickardite.     

The phytogeographical studies of Thermopsis (Fabaceae)

The present article is the first comprehensive treatment of phytogeography of Thermopsis (Fabaceae) in the world. Thermopsis is one of the few genera within Fabaceae with the distribution pattern of the East Asia-North American disjunction. The distribution patterns of 5 recognized sections (including a new one) covering 21 species in Thermopsis are analyzed, and the results show four centres of frequency of the genus: the Eastern Asiatic Region (9 spp. / 3 sects., including 4 endemic species), the Irano-Turanian Region (7 spp./3 sects., including 3 endemic species), the Rocky Mountain Region (7 spp./2 sects., all endemic), and the Atlantic North American Region (3 spp. / 1 sect., all endemic). In the light of the fact that most species and sections, a number of phylogenetic series of the genus, and the most primitive sections and most advanced sections in Thermopsis occur in the East Asia, the Eastern Asiatic Region might be the centre of diversity of the genus. As the Irano-Turanian Region and the Rocky Mountain Region were just second to that of Eastern Asiatic Region in number of sections and species, and many polyploids appeared in these regions, they were considered as the secondary centres of distribution and speciation of the genus. The speciation looks to be frequent and complex in these regions, and many new taxa have been described from there while many new reduced or incorporated taxa have happened over there. However, recent molecular data has shown that two reduced taxa of Thermopsis are distinct in these regions. Based on the modern distribution patterns and evolutionary trends in morphological characters of the genus, and available fossil record of the genus and the historical geology, we speculate that Thermopsis had already existed on Eurasia and North America before the Late Miocene, and probably originated from an ancestral form of Sophora-like taxa with lupine alkaloids somewhere in the Laurasia in the Early Tertiary or Late Cretaceous. After the separation of the two continents, species on different continents developed distinctly under influences of different evolutionary factors. In Asia, the late Tertiary orogeny, disappearing of the Tethys and aridity and freezing caused by the Quaternary glaciation were the main forces to promote the speciation and evolutionary processes, whereas in North America it was the Quaternary glaciation and the orogeny of partial area to promote evolution of the genus. According to the evolutionary trends in Thermopsis and the distribution pattern of the primitive taxa, Sino-Japanese Subregion of Eastern Asiatic Region may be considered asthe centre of primitive forms of Thermopsis.     

人TRAIL基因cDNA的克隆及其在COS-7细胞中的表达

TRAIL(TNF-related apoptosis inducing ligand)是最近克隆的肿瘤坏死因子(TNF)家族的新成员,由于它的蛋白质结构和生物学效应类似于FAS/APO-1L,因此,也被称为APO-2L.     

以疏勒河流域为例的“山水林田湖草”生态修复多尺度耦合框架及方法

为解决过去保护修复工程只考虑单要素、单一类型生态系统的问题,我国于2016年开展了“山水林田湖草”生态修复工程,旨在通过整体、系统、综合的方法对各类生态系统进行统筹治理。然而,目前的工程治理中仍然存在对系统内部及系统间耦合概念理解不充分、系统耦合机制不明晰、对“尺度”的关注不足、缺少科学的分析方法等问题,制约了保护修复的成效。对此,首先将多个尺度下的耦合研究方法进行归纳总结,并以国家重点冰川水源涵养区及生物多样性保护优先区——疏勒河流域为例,将耦合方法用于分析要素间、自然生态系统间的耦合关系,最后基于该实例研究,提出多尺度耦合分析框架与“升尺度”保护修复模式,以期帮助相关决策者明晰“山水工程”中要素、系统间的耦合关系,增强治理的科学性与有效性,进而推进我国社会与环境的可持续发展。     

商州产大马士革玫瑰精油研究

采用ISO9842:2003玫瑰油标准,对陕西商州引种的保加利亚主栽玫瑰品种“Kazanluk”(RosadamascenaMiller)精油进行分析。结果表明,该玫瑰精油香气具有天然玫瑰花香,香气细腻、柔和、飘逸。油为液体,淡黄色,相对密度(20/20℃)0.8599,折光指数(20℃)1.4592,旋光度(20℃)-4.3°,冻点20.6℃,酯值11.9,这些物理指标达到了标准要求。大量主香成分相对含量:乙醇0.5%,香茅醇45.5%,橙花醇4.5%,香叶醇7.6%,苯乙醇2.9%,十七烷烃1.13%,十九烷烃15.5%,二十一烷烃5.0%。这些成分含量与原产地保加利亚玫瑰油成分范围有一定差异,但与摩洛哥同类玫瑰油标准相符,可以作为商品油在国际市场销售。     

Using microwave irradiation in Marchi's method for demonstrating degenerated myelin

Conventional methods for histological preparation of degenerated myelin are time-consuming and difficult. The purpose of our study was to shorten the time required for the procedure and to obtain better quality results for light microscopic demonstration of degenerated myelin in the central and peripheral nervous systems by using microwave irradiation. Rat brain and sciatic nerve were used for the study. The middle cerebral artery was occluded and the sciatic nerve was cut to produce myelin degeneration. Marchi's method was used for staining degenerated myelin. Fixation for light microscopy that would take two days using the conventional procedure was completed in 16.5-18.5 min using microwave irradiation. While staining of degenerated myelin requires 10 days for the conventional Marchi method, we decreased it to 7 h for brain tissue and 1 h for sciatic nerve by using the microwave oven. Moreover, a better quality preparation was achieved in the groups stained under microwave irradiation than those prepared by the conventional method.     

Size-dependent mating strategies and the risk of cannibalism

The role of sexual selection in determining the nature and direction of sexual size dimorphism may depend upon the timing of sexual selection, and this may also influence the variation in male size. For example, selection through sperm competition favours smaller males in the highly sexually size dimorphic orb-weaving spider Nephila edulis , whereas larger males are better able to exclude their smaller rivals from the central hub of the web where mating takes place. We investigate experimentally the role of body size and hub tenure in determining male fertilization success when males of different sizes compete for a single female over a 24-h period that includes a period of darkness. Our results confirm that small and large males obtain similar paternity share but that, in contrast with previous studies, hub tenure does not translate into greater paternity share. Unexpectedly, smaller males are at greater risk of postmating sexual cannibalism than larger males, suggesting that natural selection through sexual cannibalism may place a lower limit on male size.  © 2008 The Linnean Society of London, Biological Journal of the Linnean Society , 2008, 94 , 355–363.