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81.
To understand current patterns of Pinus invasion in an Araucaria forest in southern Brazil, we quantified invasion at the local scale and compared it with habitat characteristics, propagule size, and number of source populations, using generalized linear models. We also compared observed and expected invasive species status based on a previously developed model (Z scores) using Chi square and correlation tests to evaluate the predictability of species status based on their traits. Of the 16 Pinus species currently present in the site, three are invasive (P. elliottii, P. glabra, and P. taeda), three are naturalized (P. clausa, P. oocarpa, and P. pseudostrobus), and ten are present only as the originally planted individuals. While P. taeda spread the farthest, P. glabra had greater overall density, but none of the invasive species has spread more than 250 m in 45 years. Invasive Pinus plants were found where forest tree density was below 805 trees ha?1, and invasive Pinus density decreased log-linearly with an increase in native tree density. Number of individuals introduced and number of source populations were strong predictors of naturalization, thus both propagule size and propagule diversity can potentially be driving invasion success. Z scores based on species traits did not predict which species would invade in Rio Negro. Our findings suggest that Araucaria forests might not resist invasion by Pinus as recently suggested and support the hypothesis that propagule pressure is a fundamental driver of invasions with propagule diversity being a possible component of this mechanism. 相似文献
82.
Paola Locatelli Fernanda Daniela Olea Anna Hnatiuk Diana Sepúlveda Juan Manuel Pérez Sáez Rafael Argüello Alberto Crottogini 《Cytotherapy》2013,15(2):163-170
Background aimsGiven the close similarity between ovine and human cardiomyocytes, sheep models of myocardial infarction and heart failure are increasingly used in studies of stem cell-mediated heart regeneration. In these studies, mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) are frequently employed. To enhance the paracrine effects of these MSCs, ex vivo transfection with genes encoding growth factors has been proposed. Although viral vectors exhibit higher transfection efficiency than plasmids, they entail the risks of uncontrolled transgene expression and immune reactions that preclude repeated administration. Our aim was to optimize the efficiency of plasmid-mediated transfection of ovine MSCs, while preserving cell viability.MethodsVarying amounts of diverse cationic lipids were used to obtain the reagent-to-DNA mass ratio showing highest luciferase activity. Transfection efficiency (flow cytometry) was tested on plasmid-green fluorescent protein-transfected MSCs at increasing DNA mass.ResultsLipofectamine LTX 5 μL and Plus reagent 4 μL with 2 μg of DNA yielded 42.3 ± 4.7% transfection efficiency, while preserving cell viability. Using these transfection conditions, we transfected MSCs with a plasmid encoding human vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and found high VEGF protein concentrations in the culture supernatant from day 2 (1968 ± 324 pg/mL per μg DNA) through at least day 12 (888 ± 386 pg/mL per μg DNA) after transfection.ConclusionsPlasmid-mediated transfection of ovine MSCs to over-express paracrine heart-regenerative growth factors is feasible and efficient and overcomes the risks and limitations associated with the use of viral vectors. 相似文献
83.
Ana B. Fagundo Rafael de la Torre Susana Jiménez-Murcia Zaida Agüera Antoni Pastor Felipe F. Casanueva Roser Granero Rosa Ba?os Cristina Botella Amparo del Pino-Gutierrez Jose M. Fernández-Real Jose C. Fernández-García Gema Frühbeck Javier Gómez-Ambrosi José M. Menchón Inés Moragrega Roser Rodríguez Salomé Tárrega Francisco J. Tinahones Fernando Fernández-Aranda 《PloS one》2013,8(6)
Animal studies point to an implication of the endocannabinoid system on executive functions. In humans, several studies have suggested an association between acute or chronic use of exogenous cannabinoids (Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol) and executive impairments. However, to date, no published reports establish the relationship between endocannabinoids, as biomarkers of the cannabinoid neurotransmission system, and executive functioning in humans. The aim of the present study was to explore the association between circulating levels of plasma endocannabinoids N-arachidonoylethanolamine (AEA) and 2-Arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG) and executive functions (decision making, response inhibition and cognitive flexibility) in healthy subjects. One hundred and fifty seven subjects were included and assessed with the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test; Stroop Color and Word Test; and Iowa Gambling Task. All participants were female, aged between 18 and 60 years and spoke Spanish as their first language. Results showed a negative correlation between 2-AG and cognitive flexibility performance (r = −.37; p<.05). A positive correlation was found between AEA concentrations and both cognitive flexibility (r = .59; p<.05) and decision making performance (r = .23; P<.05). There was no significant correlation between either 2-AG (r = −.17) or AEA (r = −.08) concentrations and inhibition response. These results show, in humans, a relevant modulation of the endocannabinoid system on prefrontal-dependent cognitive functioning. The present study might have significant implications for the underlying executive alterations described in some psychiatric disorders currently associated with endocannabinoids deregulation (namely drug abuse/dependence, depression, obesity and eating disorders). Understanding the neurobiology of their dysexecutive profile might certainly contribute to the development of new treatments and pharmacological approaches. 相似文献
84.
Maria P. Pedro Aldo A. Vilcaes Vanesa M. Tomatis Rafael G. Oliveira Guillermo A. Gomez Jose L. Daniotti 《PloS one》2013,8(10)
S-acylation, the covalent attachment of palmitate and other fatty acids on cysteine residues, is a reversible post-translational modification that exerts diverse effects on protein functions. S-acylation is catalyzed by protein acyltransferases (PAT), while deacylation requires acyl-protein thioesterases (APT), with numerous inhibitors for these enzymes having already been developed and characterized. Among these inhibitors, the palmitate analog 2-brompalmitate (2-BP) is the most commonly used to inhibit palmitoylation in cells. Nevertheless, previous results from our laboratory have suggested that 2-BP could affect protein deacylation. Here, we further investigated in vivo and in vitro the effect of 2-BP on the acylation/deacylation protein machinery, with it being observed that 2-BP, in addition to inhibiting PAT activity in vivo, also perturbed the acylation cycle of GAP-43 at the level of depalmitoylation and consequently affected its kinetics of membrane association. Furthermore, 2-BP was able to inhibit in vitro the enzymatic activities of human APT1 and APT2, the only two thioesterases shown to mediate protein deacylation, through an uncompetitive mechanism of action. In fact, APT1 and APT2 hydrolyzed both the monomeric form as well as the micellar state of the substrate palmitoyl-CoA. On the basis of the obtained results, as APTs can mediate deacylation on membrane bound and unbound substrates, this suggests that the access of APTs to the membrane interface is not a necessary requisite for deacylation. Moreover, as the enzymatic activity of APTs was inhibited by 2-BP treatment, then the kinetics analysis of protein acylation using 2-BP should be carefully interpreted, as this drug also inhibits protein deacylation. 相似文献
85.
Tyler R. Bonnell Marco Campennì Colin A. Chapman Jan F. Gogarten Rafael A. Reyna-Hurtado Julie A. Teichroeb Michael D. Wasserman Raja Sengupta 《PloS one》2013,8(10)
The foraging activity of many organisms reveal strategic movement patterns, showing efficient use of spatially distributed resources. The underlying mechanisms behind these movement patterns, such as the use of spatial memory, are topics of considerable debate. To augment existing evidence of spatial memory use in primates, we generated movement patterns from simulated primate agents with simple sensory and behavioral capabilities. We developed agents representing various hypotheses of memory use, and compared the movement patterns of simulated groups to those of an observed group of red colobus monkeys (Procolobus rufomitratus), testing for: the effects of memory type (Euclidian or landmark based), amount of memory retention, and the effects of social rules in making foraging choices at the scale of the group (independent or leader led). Our results indicate that red colobus movement patterns fit best with simulated groups that have landmark based memory and a follow the leader foraging strategy. Comparisons between simulated agents revealed that social rules had the greatest impact on a group’s step length, whereas the type of memory had the highest impact on a group’s path tortuosity and cohesion. Using simulation studies as experimental trials to test theories of spatial memory use allows the development of insight into the behavioral mechanisms behind animal movement, developing case-specific results, as well as general results informing how changes to perception and behavior influence movement patterns. 相似文献
86.
Central giant cell lesion of the jaws: study of CCND1 gene amplification and p16INK4a protein levels
Renato Luiz Maia Nogueira Mário Henrique Girão Faria Rafael Lima Verde Osterne Roberta Barroso Cavalcante Ronaldo Albuquerque Ribeiro Cassiano Francisco Weege Nonaka Silvia Helena Barem Rabenhorst 《Journal of molecular histology》2013,44(5):527-534
Central giant cell lesions (CGCLs) are uncommon benign jaw lesions with uncertain etiology and a variable clinical behavior. In neoplasms, alterations in molecules involved in the G1/S checkpoint are frequently found. Loss of p16INK4a expression or overexpression of cyclin D1 may stimulate cell proliferation. The purpose of this study was to analyze CCND1 gene amplification and the expression of p16INK4a in CGCLs. Structural analysis of the CCND1 was performed using chromogenic in situ hybridization. Immmunohistochemistry was used to identify p16INK4a protein levels. Statistical analysis correlated the two biomarkers with clinical behavior and between each other. Twenty-four lesions were included, being 11 aggressive and 13 non-aggressive. Moderate/high-level CCND1 amplification was found in 12 lesions. Also, immunoreactivity for p16INK4a was present in 12 cases, mainly in mononuclear cells. There was a significantly higher level of p16INK4a expression in mononuclear cells of non-aggressive lesions and lesions with moderate/high-level CCND1 amplification in mononuclear cells. It could be speculated that some CGCLs may develop as a true benign neoplasm. The higher expression of p16INK4a in non-aggressive lesions and in cases with moderate/high-level CCND1 amplification may show that these molecules have a role in CGCLs. 相似文献
87.
Many tissues are sustained by adult stem cells, which replace lost cells by differentiation and maintain their own population through self-renewal. The mechanisms through which adult stem cells maintain their identity are thus important for tissue homeostasis and repair throughout life. Here, we show that a histone variant, His2Av, is required cell autonomously for maintenance of germline and cyst stem cells in the Drosophila testis. The ATP-dependent chromatin-remodeling factor Domino is also required in this tissue for adult stem cell maintenance possibly by regulating the incorporation of His2Av into chromatin. Interestingly, although expression of His2Av was ubiquitous, its function was dispensable for germline and cyst cell differentiation, suggesting a specific role for this non-canonical histone in maintaining the stem cell state in these lineages. 相似文献
88.
Emilio García García María-Ángeles Vázquez López Rafael Galera Martínez Irene Alias Manuel Martín González Antonio Bonillo Perales José Eugenio Cabrera Sevilla Icíar García Escobar Sara Gómez Bueno Encarnación López Ruzafa Francisco-Javier Muñoz Vico Patricia Oliva Pérez María Ortiz Pérez Juan Poveda González Marisa Rodríguez Lucenilla Firma-Isabel Rodríguez Sánchez Ana Ruiz Sánchez Lucía Ruiz Tudela Sara Torrico 《Endocrinología y nutrición》2013,60(3):121-126
ObjectivesTo estimate the prevalence of obesity and overweight in children and adolescents in our city and to investigate the associated factors.Subjects and methodsA cross-sectional study of 1317 children and adolescents aged 2-16 years. Multistage probability sampling was used to select three groups of subjects: 411 aged 12 to 16 years, 504 aged 6 to 12 years, and 402 aged 2 to 6 years. Body mass index was calculated, and obesity and overweight were diagnosed using the threshold levels of the International Obesity Task Force for children and adolescents. Parents were asked about eating habits, health, social, and demographic aspects. Results are given as percentages (95% confidence interval). The relationship between obesity and overweight and the different variables was studied using multiple logistic regression. The adjusted odds ratio (OR) was calculated.ResultsAmong children and adolescentes aged 2-16 years, 9.5% (8.0%-11.0%) were obese and 22.4% (23.3%-24.6%) were overweight. Of subjects aged 12-16 years, 8.5% (5.9%-11.2%) were obese and 20.5% (16.7%-24.3%) were overweight. In the groups aged 6-12 years and 2-6 years, rates of obesity and overweight were 11.6% (8.9% -14.3%) and 31.0% (27.0-35.0) and 8.0% (5.4%-10.6%) and 13.6% (10.3%-16.9%) respectively. Obesity or overweight was associated to age (OR 1.21; P< 0.001), maternal obesity (OR 10.99; P= 0.008), a birthweight higher than 4 kg (OR 2.91; p 0.002), and formula feeding (OR 1.82; P= 0.005).ConclusionObesity and overweight in children and adolescents are highly prevalent problems in our city. 相似文献
89.
Augusto García Villanueva María Jesús García Villanueva Mercedes García Villanueva Roberto Rojo Blanco María Vicenta Collado Guirao Jacobo Cabañas Montero Rafael Beni Pérez Irene Moreno Montes 《Endocrinología y nutrición》2013,60(5):254-259
Amyloidosis is an uncommon syndrome consisting of a number of disorders having in common an extracellular deposit of fibrillary proteins. This results in functional and structural changes in the affected organs, depending on deposit location and severity.Amyloid infiltration of the thyroid gland may occur in 50% and up to 80% of patients with primary and secondary amyloidosis respectively. Amyloid goiter (AG) is a true rarity, usually found associated to secondary amyloidosis. AG may require surgical excision, usually because of compressive symptoms.We report the case of a patient with a big AG occurring in the course of a secondary amyloidosis associated to polyarticular onset juvenile idiopathic arthritis who underwent total thyroidectomy. Current literature is reviewed, an attempt is made to provide action guidelines, and some surgical considerations on this rare condition are given. 相似文献
90.
Jesús Loureiro Pilar Sandoval Gloria del Peso Guadalupe Gónzalez-Mateo Vanessa Fernández-Millara Beatríz Santamaria Maria Auxiliadora Bajo José Antonio Sánchez-Tomero Gonzalo Guerra-Azcona Rafael Selgas Manuel López-Cabrera Abelardo I. Aguilera 《PloS one》2013,8(4)
Mesothelial-to-mesenchymal transition (MMT) is an auto-regulated physiological process of tissue repair that in uncontrolled conditions such as peritoneal dialysis (PD) can lead to peritoneal fibrosis. The maximum expression of peritoneal fibrosis induced by PD fluids and other peritoneal processes is the encapsulating peritoneal sclerosis (EPS) for which no specific treatment exists. Tamoxifen, a synthetic estrogen, has successfully been used to treat retroperitoneal fibrosis and EPS associated with PD. Hence, we used in vitro and animal model approaches to evaluate the efficacy of Tamoxifen to inhibit the MMT as a trigger of peritoneal fibrosis. In vitro studies were carried out using omentum-derived mesothelial cells (MCs) and effluent-derived MCs. Tamoxifen blocked the MMT induced by transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1, as it preserved the expression of E-cadherin and reduced the expression of mesenchymal-associated molecules such as snail, fibronectin, collagen-I, α-smooth muscle actin, and matrix metalloproteinse-2. Tamoxifen-treatment preserved the fibrinolytic capacity of MCs treated with TGF-β1 and decreased their migration capacity. Tamoxifen did not reverse the MMT of non-epitheliod MCs from effluents, but it reduced the expression of some mesenchymal molecules. In mice PD model, we demonstrated that MMT progressed in parallel with peritoneal membrane thickness. In addition, we observed that Tamoxifen significantly reduced peritoneal thickness, angiogenesis, invasion of the compact zone by mesenchymal MCs and improved peritoneal function. Tamoxifen also reduced the effluent levels of vascular endothelial growth factor and leptin. These results demonstrate that Tamoxifen is a therapeutic option to treat peritoneal fibrosis, and that its protective effect is mediated via modulation of the MMT process. 相似文献