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111.
Paulo R. L. Bittencourt Rafael S. Oliveira Antonio C. L. da Costa Andre L. Giles Ingrid Coughlin Patricia B. Costa David C. Bartholomew Leandro V. Ferreira Steel S. Vasconcelos Fernanda V. Barros Joao A. S. Junior Alex A. R. Oliveira Maurizio Mencuccini Patrick Meir Lucy Rowland 《Global Change Biology》2020,26(6):3569-3584
The fate of tropical forests under future climate change is dependent on the capacity of their trees to adjust to drier conditions. The capacity of trees to withstand drought is likely to be determined by traits associated with their hydraulic systems. However, data on whether tropical trees can adjust hydraulic traits when experiencing drought remain rare. We measured plant hydraulic traits (e.g. hydraulic conductivity and embolism resistance) and plant hydraulic system status (e.g. leaf water potential, native embolism and safety margin) on >150 trees from 12 genera (36 species) and spanning a stem size range from 14 to 68 cm diameter at breast height at the world's only long‐running tropical forest drought experiment. Hydraulic traits showed no adjustment following 15 years of experimentally imposed moisture deficit. This failure to adjust resulted in these drought‐stressed trees experiencing significantly lower leaf water potentials, and higher, but variable, levels of native embolism in the branches. This result suggests that hydraulic damage caused by elevated levels of embolism is likely to be one of the key drivers of drought‐induced mortality following long‐term soil moisture deficit. We demonstrate that some hydraulic traits changed with tree size, however, the direction and magnitude of the change was controlled by taxonomic identity. Our results suggest that Amazonian trees, both small and large, have limited capacity to acclimate their hydraulic systems to future droughts, potentially making them more at risk of drought‐induced mortality. 相似文献
112.
The United States Great Lakes Region (USGLR) is a critical geographic area for future bioenergy production. Switchgrass (Panicum virgatum) is widely considered a carbon (C)‐neutral or C‐negative bioenergy production system, but projected increases in air temperature and precipitation due to climate change might substantially alter soil organic C (SOC) dynamics and storage in soils. This study examined long‐term SOC changes in switchgrass grown on marginal land in the USGLR under current and projected climate, predicted using a process‐based model (Systems Approach to Land‐Use Sustainability) extensively calibrated with a wealth of plant and soil measurements at nine experimental sites. Simulations indicate that these soils are likely a net C sink under switchgrass (average gain 0.87 Mg C ha?1 year?1), although substantial variation in the rate of SOC accumulation was predicted (range: 0.2–1.3 Mg C ha?1 year?1). Principal component analysis revealed that the predicted intersite variability in SOC sequestration was related in part to differences in climatic characteristics, and to a lesser extent, to heterogeneous soils. Although climate change impacts on switchgrass plant growth were predicted to be small (4%–6% decrease on average), the increased soil respiration was predicted to partially negate SOC accumulations down to 70% below historical rates in the most extreme scenarios. Increasing N fertilizer rate and decreasing harvest intensity both had modest SOC sequestration benefits under projected climate, whereas introducing genotypes better adapted to the longer growing seasons was a much more effective strategy. Best‐performing adaptation scenarios were able to offset >60% of the climate change impacts, leading to SOC sequestration 0.7 Mg C ha?1 year?1 under projected climate. On average, this was 0.3 Mg C ha?1 year?1 more C sequestered than the no adaptation baseline. These findings provide crucial knowledge needed to guide policy and operational management for maximizing SOC sequestration of future bioenergy production on marginal lands in the USGLR. 相似文献
113.
Walter Rossi Cervi Rubens Augusto Camargo Lamparelli Joaquim Eugênio Abel Seabra Martin Junginger Sierk de Jong Floor van der Hilst 《Global Change Biology Bioenergy》2020,12(2):136-157
It is expected that Brazil could play an important role in biojet fuel (BJF) production in the future due to the long experience in biofuel production and the good agro‐ecological conditions. However, it is difficult to quantify the techno‐economic potential of BJF because of the high spatiotemporal variability of available land, biomass yield, and infrastructure as well as the technological developments in BJF production pathways. The objective of this research is to assess the recent and future techno‐economic potential of BJF production in Brazil and to identify location‐specific optimal combinations of biomass crops and technological conversion pathways. In total, 13 production routes (supply chains) are assessed through the combination of various biomass crops and BJF technologies. We consider temporal land use data to identify potential land availability for biomass production. With the spatial distribution of the land availability and potential yield of biomass crops, biomass production potential and costs are calculated. The BJF production cost is calculated by taking into account the development in the technological pathways and in plant scales. We estimate the techno‐economic potential by determining the minimum BJF total costs and comparing this with the range of fossil jet fuel prices. The techno‐economic potential of BJF production ranges from 0 to 6.4 EJ in 2015 and between 1.2 and 7.8 EJ in 2030, depending on the reference fossil jet fuel price, which varies from 19 to 65 US$/GJ across the airports. The techno‐economic potential consists of a diverse set of production routes. The Northeast and Southeast region of Brazil present the highest potentials with several viable production routes, whereas the remaining regions only have a few promising production routes. The maximum techno‐economic potential of BJF in Brazil could meet almost half of the projected global jet fuel demand toward 2030. 相似文献
114.
Santos Valdenice F. Costa Maria S. Campina Fábia F. Rodrigues Renato R. Santos Ana L. E. Pereira Felipe M. Batista Karla L. R. Silva Rafael C. Pereira Raquel O. Rocha Bruno A. M. Coutinho Henrique D. M. Teixeira Claudener S. 《Probiotics and antimicrobial proteins》2020,12(1):82-90
Probiotics and Antimicrobial Proteins - The use of natural products together with standard antimicrobial drugs has recently received more attention as a strategy to combat infectious diseases... 相似文献
115.
Livia Pilatti PhD Renato Mancini Astray Mayra Pereira Rocca Flavia Ferreira Barbosa Soraia Attie Calil Jorge Michael Butler Elisabeth de Fátima Pires Augusto 《Biotechnology progress》2020,36(6):e3046
Most rabies vaccines are based on inactivated virus, which production process demands a high level of biosafety structures. In the past decades, recombinant rabies virus glycoprotein (RVGP) produced in several expression systems has been extensively studied to be used as an alternative vaccine. The immunogenic characteristics of this protein depend on its correct conformation, which is present only after the correct post-translational modifications, typically performed by animal cells. The main challenge of using this protein as a vaccine candidate is to keep its trimeric conformation after the purification process. We describe here a new immunoaffinity chromatography method using a monoclonal antibody for RVGP Site II for purification of recombinant rabies virus glycoprotein expressed on the membrane of Drosophila melanogaster S2 cells. RVGP recovery achieved at least 93%, and characterization analysis showed that the main antigenic proprieties were preserved after purification. 相似文献
116.
Rodolphe Elie Gozlan Eva Zhorsk Emira Cherif Takashi Asaeda John Robert Britton Cha‐Ho Chang To Hong Rafael Miranda Jií Musil Meta Povz Ali Serhan Tarkan Elena Tricarico Teodora Trichkova Hugo Verreycken Andrej Weiperth Andrej Witkowski Lluis Zamora Irene Zweimueller Yahui Zhao Hamid Reza Esmaeili Marine Combe 《Ecology and evolution》2020,10(16):8623-8633
Rapid adaptation to global change can counter vulnerability of species to population declines and extinction. Theoretically, under such circumstances both genetic variation and phenotypic plasticity can maintain population fitness, but empirical support for this is currently limited. Here, we aim to characterize the role of environmental and genetic diversity, and their prior evolutionary history (via haplogroup profiles) in shaping patterns of life history traits during biological invasion. Data were derived from both genetic and life history traits including a morphological analysis of 29 native and invasive populations of topmouth gudgeon Pseudorasbora parva coupled with climatic variables from each location. General additive models were constructed to explain distribution of somatic growth rate (SGR) data across native and invasive ranges, with model selection performed using Akaike's information criteria. Genetic and environmental drivers that structured the life history of populations in their native range were less influential in their invasive populations. For some vertebrates at least, fitness‐related trait shifts do not seem to be dependent on the level of genetic diversity or haplogroup makeup of the initial introduced propagule, nor of the availability of local environmental conditions being similar to those experienced in their native range. As long as local conditions are not beyond the species physiological threshold, its local establishment and invasive potential are likely to be determined by local drivers, such as density‐dependent effects linked to resource availability or to local biotic resistance. 相似文献
117.
Seminotti Bianca Roginski Ana Cristina Zanatta Ângela Amaral Alexandre Umpierrez Fernandes Thabata Spannenberger Kaleb Pinto da Silva Lucas Henrique Rodrigues Ribeiro Rafael Teixeira Leipnitz Guilhian Wajner Moacir 《Journal of bioenergetics and biomembranes》2021,53(5):525-539
Journal of Bioenergetics and Biomembranes - S-adenosylmethionine (AdoMet) predominantly accumulates in tissues and biological fluids of patients affected by liver dysmethylating diseases,... 相似文献
118.
Martínez-Giménez Juan A. Tabares-Seisdedos Rafael 《Origins of life and evolution of the biosphere》2021,51(2):167-183
Origins of Life and Evolution of Biospheres - The origin of genetic systems is the central problem in the study of the origin of life for which various explanatory hypotheses have been presented.... 相似文献
119.
120.
Rodrigues Augusto Pereira Fabrício F. Barbosa Paulo R.R. Silva-Torres Christian S.A. Torres Jorge B. 《Journal of Insect Behavior》2021,34(3):71-81
Journal of Insect Behavior - Control of the sugarcane borers, Diatraea saccharalis and Diatraea impersonatella (= D. flavipennella) (Lepidoptera: Crambidae), in Brazil, is based on mass release of... 相似文献