全文获取类型
收费全文 | 436篇 |
免费 | 41篇 |
专业分类
477篇 |
出版年
2023年 | 3篇 |
2022年 | 7篇 |
2021年 | 7篇 |
2020年 | 3篇 |
2019年 | 4篇 |
2018年 | 13篇 |
2017年 | 6篇 |
2016年 | 6篇 |
2015年 | 24篇 |
2014年 | 17篇 |
2013年 | 24篇 |
2012年 | 32篇 |
2011年 | 38篇 |
2010年 | 25篇 |
2009年 | 21篇 |
2008年 | 23篇 |
2007年 | 22篇 |
2006年 | 30篇 |
2005年 | 31篇 |
2004年 | 23篇 |
2003年 | 9篇 |
2002年 | 15篇 |
2001年 | 11篇 |
2000年 | 9篇 |
1999年 | 4篇 |
1998年 | 5篇 |
1997年 | 3篇 |
1995年 | 2篇 |
1994年 | 2篇 |
1992年 | 2篇 |
1991年 | 2篇 |
1988年 | 5篇 |
1987年 | 2篇 |
1983年 | 2篇 |
1982年 | 3篇 |
1977年 | 1篇 |
1976年 | 1篇 |
1975年 | 2篇 |
1974年 | 1篇 |
1973年 | 1篇 |
1972年 | 2篇 |
1971年 | 1篇 |
1970年 | 6篇 |
1969年 | 3篇 |
1968年 | 3篇 |
1967年 | 1篇 |
1966年 | 3篇 |
1965年 | 4篇 |
1964年 | 7篇 |
1960年 | 1篇 |
排序方式: 共有477条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
2.
Mapping of mutations contributing to the temperature sensitivity of the Sabin 1 vaccine strain of poliovirus. 总被引:8,自引:4,他引:4 下载免费PDF全文
M M Georgescu M Tardy-Panit S Guillot R Crainic F Delpeyroux 《Journal of virology》1995,69(9):5278-5286
The temperature-sensitive and attenuated phenotypes of the Sabin type 1 vaccine strain of poliovirus result from numerous point mutations which occurred in the virulent Mahoney virus parent. One of these mutations is located in a 3D polymerase (3Dpol) codon (U-6203-->C, Tyr-73-->His) and is involved in attenuation in common mice (M. Tardy-Panit, B. Blondel, A. Martin, F. Tekaia, F. Horaud, and F. Delpeyroux, J. Virol. 67:4630-4638, 1993). This mutation also appears to contribute to temperature sensitivity, in association with at least 1 other of the 10 mutations of the 3'-terminal part of the genome including the 3Dpol coding and 3' noncoding regions. To map the other mutation(s), we constructed poliovirus mutants by mutagenesis and recombination of Mahoney and Sabin 1 cDNAs. Characterization of these poliovirus mutants showed that a second mutation in a 3Dpol codon (C-7071-->U, Thr-362-->Ile) contributes to temperature sensitivity. A mutation in the 3' noncoding region of the genome (A-7441-->G), alone or linked to another mutation (U-7410-->C), also appeared to be involved in this phenotype. The temperature-sensitive effect associated with the 3'-terminal part of the Sabin 1 genome results from the cumulative and/or synergistic effects of at least three genetic determinants, i.e., the His-73 and Ile-362 codons of 3Dpol and nucleotide G-7441. Sequence analysis of strains isolated from patients with vaccine-associated paralytic poliomyelitis showed that these genetic determinants are selected against in vivo, although the Ile-362 codon appeared to be more stable than either the His-73 codon or G-7441. These genetic determinants may contribute to the safety of Sabin 1 in vaccines. 相似文献
3.
Evaluation of the serum-free medium MDSS2 for the production of poliovirus on vero cells in bioreactors 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
The serum-free medium MDSS2 (Merten et al., 1994), was used for cultivating Vero cells as well as for producing poliovirus
(Sabin type 1) in static and in perfused micro-carrier cultures. At slightly different growth rates of 0.0120/h and 0.0106/h,
respectively, static cultures in serum-containing (SCM) and serum-free (SFM) medium produced titers of 106.75 and 106.67 TCID50 per 50 μl; signifying a specific productivity of 0.89 and 1.07 TCID50/c.
Serum-free bioreactor cultures of Vero cells on DEAE-dextran microcarriers at 6.25 g/l produced cell densities of about 1.5×106c/ml. After infection with virus (multiplicity of infection (MOI) 0.1–0.3) titers of about 6.3×108 TCID50/ml were obtained, signifying an average specific productivity of 7.1 TCID50/c.h. Although these values were 4 and
2 fold, respectively, higher than in classical resum-based production processes (Montagnon et al. Dev. biol. Stand. 1981,
47, 55), a reference culture, for which cell growth was done in SCM and only virus production was done in SFM, produced 2×109 TCID/ml with an average specific virus production rate of 18.9 TCID50/c.h. The differences between the fully serum-free and
our reference process were mainly due to physiological differences of cells grown in SCM and SFM and also due to strongly
modified consumption kinetics after virus infection leading to limitations of one or several essential medium compounds, like
glucose and amino acids. Avoiding these limitations by increasing the residual concentration of glucose, glutamine, histidine,
and SH-amino acids, led to specific virus production rates (of about 17.9 TCID59/c.h.) comparable to those found in the reference
virus production process. The optimisation of the production of the poliovirus (Sabin 1) will be described with respect to
the modification of the medium composition.
This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
4.
Amy R. Smith Martin R. Fisk Andrew R. Thurber Gilberto E. Flores Olivia U. Mason Radu Popa 《Geomicrobiology journal》2017,34(2):147-156
Volcanic ocean crust contains a global chemosynthetic microbial ecosystem that impacts ocean productivity, seawater chemistry and geochemical cycling. We examined the mineralogical effect on community structure in the aquifer ecosystem by using a four-year in situ colonization experiment with igneous minerals and glasses in Integrated Ocean Drilling Program Hole 1301A on the Juan de Fuca Ridge. Microbial community analysis and scanning electron microscopy revealed that olivine phases and iron-bearing minerals bore communities that were distinct from iron-poor phases. Communities were dominated by Archaeoglobaceae, Clostridia, Thermosipho, Desulforudis and OP1 lineages. Our results suggest that mineralogy determines microbial composition in the subseafloor aquifer ecosystem. 相似文献
5.
Elena Neagu Gabriel Lucian Radu Camelia Albu Gabriela Paun 《Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences》2018,25(3):578-585
In this study several investigations and tests were performed to determine the antioxidant activity and the acetylcholinesterase and tyrosinase inhibitory potential of Pulmonaria officinalis and Centarium umbellatum aqueous extracts (10% mass) and ethanolic extracts (10% mass and 70% ethanol), respectively. Moreover, for each type of the prepared extracts of P. officinalis and of C. umbellatum the content in the biologically active compounds – polyphenols, flavones and proanthocyanidins was determined. The antioxidant activity was assessed using two methods, namely the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay and reducing power assay. The analyzed plant extracts showed a high acetylcholinesterase and tyrosinase inhibitory activity in the range of 72.24–94.24% (at the highest used dose – 3 mg/mL), 66.96% and 94.03% (at 3 mg/mL), respectively correlated with a high DPPH radical inhibition – 70.29–84.9% (at 3 mg/mL). These medicinal plants could provide a potential natural source of bioactive compounds and could be beneficial to the human health, especially in the neurodegenerative disorders and as sources of natural antioxidants in food industry. 相似文献
6.
Anna Wasiuk Dyana K. Dalton William L. Schpero Radu V. Stan Jose R. Conejo-Garcia Randolph J. Noelle 《Cancer immunology, immunotherapy : CII》2012,61(12):2273-2282
Mast cells have emerged as critical intermediaries in the regulation of peripheral tolerance. Their presence in many precancerous lesions and tumors is associated with a poor prognosis, suggesting mast cells may promote an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment and impede the development of protective anti-tumor immunity. The studies presented herein investigate how mast cells influence tumor-specific T cell responses. Male MB49 tumor cells, expressing HY antigens, induce anti-tumor IFN-??+ T cell responses in female mice. However, normal female mice cannot control progressive MB49 tumor growth. In contrast, mast cell-deficient c-KitWsh (Wsh) female mice controlled tumor growth and exhibited enhanced survival. The role of mast cells in curtailing the development of protective immunity was shown by increased mortality in mast cell-reconstituted Wsh mice with tumors. Confirmation of enhanced immunity in female Wsh mice was provided by (1) higher frequency of tumor-specific IFN-??+ CD8+ T cells in tumor-draining lymph nodes compared with WT females and (2) significantly increased ratios of intratumoral CD4+ and CD8+ T effector cells relative to tumor cells in Wsh mice compared to WT. These studies are the first to reveal that mast cells impair both regional adaptive immune responses and responses within the tumor microenvironment to diminish protective anti-tumor immunity. 相似文献
7.
Anne Durand Fabien Chauveau Tae-Hee Cho Radu Bolbos Jean-Baptiste Langlois Laure Hermitte Marlène Wiart Yves Berthezène Norbert Nighoghossian 《PloS one》2012,7(11)
Injection of thrombin into the middle cerebral artery (MCA) of mice has been proposed as a new model of thromboembolic stroke. The present study used sequential multiparametric Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI), including Magnetic Resonance Angiography (MRA), Diffusion-Weighted Imaging (DWI) and Perfusion-Weighted Imaging (PWI), to document MCA occlusion, PWI-DWI mismatch, and lesion development. In the first experiment, complete MCA occlusion and reproducible hypoperfusion were obtained in 85% of animals during the first hour after stroke onset. In the second experiment, 80% of animals showed partial to complete reperfusion during a three-hour follow-up. Spontaneous reperfusion thus contributed to the variability in ischemic volume in this model. The study confirmed the value of the model for evaluating new thrombolytic treatments, but calls for extended MRI follow-up at the acute stage in therapeutic studies. 相似文献
8.
The precipitation of iron sulfides potentially offers enough energy and reducing power to sustain life but organisms harnessing this reaction have not to our knowledge been previously described. We isolated a bacterial strain, capable of forming the iron sulfide minerals troilite (FeS), greigite (Fe3S4), and pyrite (FeS2), from subsurface, microbial mats in Mangalia, Romania. This strain, most closely related to strains of Thiomonas sp., forms pyrite only if the redox conditions remain negative (< ?60 mV), sulfides are provided continually (≈1 mM), and the concentration of iron remains low (≤ 0.08 mM) but constant. Pyrite formation by this microbial strain is proposed as an example of biologically controlled mineralization because it is controlled by uncouplers of oxidative phosphorylation, it is larger in living than in dead cells, it is additive (controlled less by the amount of cell surfaces and more by reagents), and it results in the formation of ATP. This study indicates that precipitation and crystal formation can represent an energy resource for life and provides support for the “iron-sulfide world hypothesis” regarding the early evolution of life on Earth. 相似文献
9.
10.
Alina Vîlcan Ioan Tăut Liviu Holonec Lucica Mihalte Radu E. Sestras 《Trees - Structure and Function》2013,27(3):697-705
A wide range of pests and diseases attacks larch, and over 3 years in an orchard in north-western Romania, the most frequently occurring were larch needle disease (Hypodermella laricis), the case-bearer (Coleophora laricella) and woolly adelgid (Adelges laricis) insects. Their attack on seven larch clones obtained through selection from different geographic populations from Romania was studied. To evaluate the attack intensity, four branches per tree were analysed in the upper, middle and lower third of the crowns in all cardinal directions. According to the position in the crown, a high attack intensity by H. laricis was recorded on the branches in the north direction. A high intensity of C. laricella attack was registered on the upper third of the crown, especially in the east, west and south directions. A positive relationship was identified between the damaged sprouts caused by the C. laricella and A. laricis attack. The differences among the reaction of the clones and the heritability coefficients illustrated that the response to the attacks had a strong genetic determinism, with resistance being clearly influenced by genotype. In addition to the identification of gene sources that are useful for larch breeding, this study offers technical information about the potential to develop efficient treatments based on the attacks on the tree crowns. 相似文献