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The phenomena following the transformation of the fungusCochliobolus lunatus by plasmid-encoded HmB resistance were investigated. All of the 16 tested transformants had markedly altered morphology. Unlike the untransformed fungus, the transformants produced both conidia and arthrospores, did not excrete slime, lost their purple color, and had an altered progesterone-bioconverting pathway. 相似文献
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Ficová M Betáková T Pančík P Václav R Prokop P Halásová Z Kúdelová M 《Microbial ecology》2011,62(4):862-867
The MHV-68 (designed as Murid herpesvirus 4 (MuHV 4) strain 68) isolated from two rodents, Myodes glareolus and Apodemus flavicollis, is considered as a natural pathogen of free-living murid rodents. Recently, the detection of MHV antibodies in the blood
of animals living in the same biotope as MHV-infected mice has suggested that ticks may have a role in the transmission of
this pathogen. Ixodes ricinus is one the most abundant tick species in Europe known to transmit multiple pathogens causing human and animal diseases. In
this study, nymphs and larvae feeding on 116 individuals of a temperate lizard species—the green lizard Lacerta viridis captured in the Slovak Karst National Park, were examined for MHV-68. The specific sequence of virion glycoprotein 150 was
amplified in DNA individually isolated from I. ricinus ticks using single-copy sensitive nested polymerase chain reaction. MHV-68 was detected in ten of 649 nymphs and in five
of 150 larvae, respectively. We found that 9.6% of green lizards fed at least one MHV-68-infected immature tick. Occurrence
of MHV-68 within all ticks tested was 1.8%. This study is first to show that immature I. ricinus ticks feeding on free-living lizards in a Central European region could be infected with gammaherpesvirus (MHV-68), naturally
infecting free-living murid rodents. Our results provide evidence supporting the hypothesis that ticks may play a mediating
role in circulation of MHV-68 in nature. 相似文献
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Divya Kesters Andrew J Thompson Marijke Brams René van Elk Radovan Spurny Matthis Geitmann Jose M Villalgordo Albert Guskov U Helena Danielson Sarah C R Lummis Chris Ulens 《EMBO reports》2013,14(1):49-56
The 5‐HT3 receptor is a pentameric serotonin‐gated ion channel, which mediates rapid excitatory neurotransmission and is the target of a therapeutically important class of anti‐emetic drugs, such as granisetron. We report crystal structures of a binding protein engineered to recognize the agonist serotonin and the antagonist granisetron with affinities comparable to the 5‐HT3 receptor. In the serotonin‐bound structure, we observe hydrophilic interactions with loop E‐binding site residues, which might enable transitions to channel opening. In the granisetron‐bound structure, we observe a critical cation–π interaction between the indazole moiety of the ligand and a cationic centre in loop D, which is uniquely present in the 5‐HT3 receptor. We use a series of chemically tuned granisetron analogues to demonstrate the energetic contribution of this electrostatic interaction to high‐affinity ligand binding in the human 5‐HT3 receptor. Our study offers the first structural perspective on recognition of serotonin and antagonism by anti‐emetics in the 5‐HT3 receptor. 相似文献
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Tissue expansion in soft-tissue reconstruction 总被引:18,自引:0,他引:18
C Radovan 《Plastic and reconstructive surgery》1984,74(4):482-492
Tissue expansion in soft-tissue reconstruction is described. The main principle is to develop donor tissue by expansion adjacent to the defect. Such a donor flap is doubled in size by intermittent injections of normal saline into the expander. After sharing the expanded flap for reconstruction, the donor site is well preserved, while the defect is reconstructed with contiguous tissue of similar texture, color, thickness, and sensation. There is minimal scar formation. Over 130 patients were reconstructed with expanded flaps. The average time of flap development was 3 to 6 weeks. 相似文献
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John J Kavanagh Charles F Levenback Pedro T Ramirez Judith L Wolf Carla L Moore Marsha R Jones Lisa Meng Gail L Brown Robert C Bast Jr 《Journal of hematology & oncology》2010,3(1):1-11
We have reviewed the pivotal presentations related to gastrointestinal malignancies from 2009 annual meeting of the American Society of Clinical Oncology with the theme of "personalizing cancer care". We have discussed the scientific findings and the impact on practice guidelines and ongoing clinical trials. Adding trastuzumab to chemotherapy improved the survival of patients with advanced gastric cancer overexpressing human epidermal growth factor receptor 2. Gemcitabine plus cisplatin has become a new standard for first-line treatment of advanced biliary cancer. Octreotide LAR significantly lengthened median time to tumor progression compared with placebo in patients with metastatic neuroendocrine tumors of the midgut. Addition of oxaliplatin to fluoropyrimidines for preoperative chemoradiotherapy in patients with stage II or III rectal cancer did not improve local tumor response but increased toxicities. Bevacizumab did not provide additional benefit to chemotherapy in adjuvant chemotherapy for stage II or III colon cancer. In patients with resected stage II colon cancer, recurrence score estimated by multigene RT-PCR assay has been shown to provide additional risk stratification. In stage IV colorectal cancer, data have supported the routine use of prophylactic skin treatment in patients receiving antibody against epidermal growth factor receptor, and the use of upfront chemotherapy as initial management in patients with synchronous metastasis without obstruction or bleeding from the primary site. 相似文献