Conservation of Glycerolated Cultures of Ochromonas danica and O. malhamensis at −10 C

SYNOPSIS. Ochromonas danica in a complex natural growth medium dies at 6–10 C in 4 days; O. malhamensis in ∼2 days. O. danica grown in the medium supplemented with 4.0% glycerol survived at −10±2 C for 35 days, and with 8% glycerol 29 days. O. malhamensis lasted only to 5 days in these media supplemented with 4% glycerol. Ethylene glycol and dimethylsulfoxide were too toxic to be effective. Difficulties in freeze-preservation of certain other phagocytic cells, notably blood granulocytes having comparatively simple flexuous outer membranes, add interest to use of O. danica and O. malhamensis as test organisms for preservation methods, especially in the convenient, inexpensive -10 to -20 C range. Biphasic media with an overlay of distilled water serve for conservation at room temperature. Problems of mutational erosion of these photosynthetic phagotrophs are discussed.     

Seasonal changes in composition and intake of chaparral by Spanish goats

Seasonal changes in utilization of one-year regrowth of chaparral vegetation by Spanish goats were investigated. The dominant shrub species were: oak (Quercus dumosa and Q. wislizenii), chamise (Adenostoma fasciculatum), manzanita (Arctostaphylos glandulosa) and ceanothus (Ceanothus cuneatus, and C. foliosus). Oesophageal and faecal samples were obtained during the spring, summer and autumn seasons of 1979. Mean daily temperatures for the three seasons were 19, 18 and 12° C, respectively. Winter sampling was restricted by cold weather at the 985-m elevation site. Cover was measured from ten permanent transects. Preference of Spanish goats was highly directed towards oak (> 50%) and chamise (> 30%) in all seasons.Correlation of selectivity (percentage botanical composition in the diet) and availability data indicated that goats may be generalist in their feeding strategies, but display some sort of specialized behaviour in selecting between the most dominant species. The observation that selection of herbaceous vegetation was restricted by availability conforms with the recent classification of goats as adaptive mixed feeders rather than browsers.Daily feed intake (g DM/kg BW^0.75) was calculated by dividing faecal residue by (100—digestibility in vitro). Intake values were equivalent to maintenance requirements during spring (60 g) and summer (57 g). However, autumn chaparral provided sub-maintenance intake levels (36 g). Condensed tannins (ADF—NAD), estimated as the difference between acid detergent fibre (ADF) and sequential acid detergent residue of neutral detergent residue (NAD), were variable in the clipped shrub samples but low in all dietary samples (2.1 ± 1.8%). The low levels of tannins did not appear to be affecting utilization of this browse.Predictive equations for intake (DMI) and digestibility in vitro (IVOMD) were derived from step-wise regression analysis using the following independent variables: cell wall content (CWC), NAD, cellulose (NADC), NAD sulphuric acid insoluble lignin (NADL_s), hemicellulose (NADHC), lignin: ADF—NAD tannins, ash and nitrogen (N) The equation for intake was: DMI (g DM/kg BW^0.75) = ?25.67 + 1.80 OMD (n = 56, Syx = 17.72, r = 0.59, P < 0.005), while digestibility (%) was predicted as OMD = 56.98 ? 0.46 CWC ? 0.45 NADL_s + 0.65 N + 0.09 DMI (n = 56, Syx = 2.77, r = 0.88, P < 0.005).It is concluded that recently-burnt chaparral vegetation would provide a maintenance browse for Spanish goats during the spring and summer seasons only.     

Immunohistochemical analysis of pulmonary and pleural neoplasms with monoclonal antibodies B72.3 and CSLEX-1

Sequential paraffin sections of 222 epithelial lung tumors comprising all common histologic types, and 31 pleural mesotheliomas of all variants were immunostained with monoclonal antibodies (Mabs) B72.3 and CSLEX-1. Reactivity with Mabs B72.3 and CSLEX-1 respectively was noted in 7/57 and 4/57 squamous carcinomas, in 44/70 and 60/70 adenocarcinomas, 9/16 and 11/16 bronchioloalveolar carcinomas, 8/25 and 14/25 large cell undifferentiated carcinomas, 3/3 and 3/3 adenosquamous carcinomas, 0/11 and 0/11 carcinoids, 0/10 and 2/10 well differentiated neuroendocrine (NE) carcinomas, 4/13 and 5/13 intermediate cell NE carcinomas, 0/17 and 0/17 small cell NE carcinomas, and 0/31 and 1/31 mesotheliomas. In most instances, both Mabs stained the same tumors; however, reactivity with CSLEX-1 was more intense and extensive, and involved more cases. Therefore, regardless of conventional histologic type, staining with Mabs B72.3 and CSLEX-1 defines 4 subsets of lung tumors: one expressing both antigens, two expressing one but not the other, and one expressing neither. The possible biological and/or clinical significance of these subsets remains undetermined. When correlated with conventional histologic tumor types, our findings indicate: 1). both of these Mabs recognize most but not all adenocarcinomas and bronchioloalveolar carcinomas, and since CSLEX-1 stained more cases than B72.3, it may be argued that the former is a broader exocrine phenotype marker than the latter; 2). both of these Mabs select exocrine subsets of large cell undifferentiated carcinomas; 3). both of these Mabs stain exocrine cell subpopulations in well differentiated and intermediate cell NE carcinomas but not in carcinoids or small cell NE carcinomas, and 4). except for rare cases, neither B72.3 nor CSLEX-1 reacts with mesotheliomas regardless of variant.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)