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101.
Beblo K Douki T Schmalz G Rachel R Wirth R Huber H Reitz G Rettberg P 《Archives of microbiology》2011,193(11):797-809
In this study, we investigated the ability of several (hyper-) thermophilic Archaea and phylogenetically deep-branching thermophilic
Bacteria to survive high fluences of monochromatic UV-C (254 nm) and high doses of ionizing radiation, respectively. Nine
out of fourteen tested microorganisms showed a surprisingly high tolerance against ionizing radiation, and two species (Aquifex pyrophilus and Ignicoccus hospitalis) were even able to survive 20 kGy. Therefore, these species had a comparable survivability after exposure to ionizing radiation
such as Deinococcus radiodurans. In contrast, there was nearly no difference in survival of the tested strains after exposure to UV-C under anoxic conditions.
If the cells had been dried in advance of UV-C irradiation, they were more sensitive to UV-C radiation compared with cells
irradiated in liquid suspension; this effect could be reversed by the addition of protective material like sulfidic ores before
irradiation. By exposure to UV-C, photoproducts were formed in the DNA of irradiated Archaea and Bacteria. The distribution
of the main photoproducts was species specific, but the amount of the photoproducts was only partly dependent on the applied
fluence. Overall, our results show that tolerance to radiation seems to be a common phenomenon among thermophilic and hyperthermophilic
microorganisms. 相似文献
102.
William Coley Rachel Van Duyne Lawrence Carpio Irene Guendel Kylene Kehn-Hall Sebastien Chevalier Aarthi Narayanan Truong Luu Norman Lee Zachary Klase Fatah Kashanchi 《The Journal of biological chemistry》2010,285(42):31930-31943
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of small RNA molecules that function to control gene expression and restrict viral replication in host cells. The production of miRNAs is believed to be dependent upon the DICER enzyme. Available evidence suggests that in T lymphocytes, HIV-1 can both suppress and co-opt the host''s miRNA pathway for its own benefit. In this study, we examined the state of miRNA production in monocytes and macrophages as well as the consequences of viral infection upon the production of miRNA. Monocytes in general express low amounts of miRNA-related proteins, and DICER in particular could not be detected until after monocytes were differentiated into macrophages. In the case where HIV-1 was present prior to differentiation, the expression of DICER was suppressed. MicroRNA chip results for RNA isolated from transfected and treated cells indicated that a drop in miRNA production coincided with DICER protein suppression in macrophages. We found that the expression of DICER in monocytes is restricted by miR-106a, but HIV-1 suppressed DICER expression via the viral gene Vpr. Additionally, analysis of miRNA expression in monocytes and macrophages revealed evidence that some miRNAs can be processed by both DICER and PIWIL4. Results presented here have implications for both the pathology of viral infections in macrophages and the biogenesis of miRNAs. First, HIV-1 suppresses the expression and function of DICER in macrophages via a previously unknown mechanism. Second, the presence of miRNAs in monocytes lacking DICER indicates that some miRNAs can be generated by proteins other than DICER. 相似文献
103.
Ronen Zaidel-Bar Rachel Kaminsky 《Biochemical and biophysical research communications》2010,395(4):509-2045
Repeated molting of the cuticula is an integral part of arthropod and nematode development. Shedding of the old cuticle takes place on the surface of hypodermal cells, which are also responsible for secretion and synthesis of a new cuticle. Here, we use the model nematode Caenorhabditis elegans to show that muscle cells, laying beneath and mechanically linked to the hypodermis, play an important role during molting. We followed the molecular composition and distribution of integrin mediated adhesion structures called dense bodies (DB), which indirectly connect muscles to the hypodermis. We found the concentration of two DB proteins (PAT-3/β-integrin and UNC-95) to decrease during the quiescent phase of molting, concomitant with an apparent increase in lateral movement of the DB. We show that levels of the E3-ligase RNF-5 increase specifically during molting, and that RNF-5 acts to ubiquitinate the DB protein UNC-95. Persistent high levels of RNF-5 driven by a heatshock or unc-95 promoter lead to failure of ecdysis, and in non-molting worms to a progressive detachment of the cuticle from the hypodermis. These observations indicate that increased DB dynamics characterizes the lethargus phase of molting in parallel to decreased levels of DB components and that temporal expression of RNF-5 contributes to an efficient molting process. 相似文献
104.
Sotiris Zartilas Nick Hadjiliadis Nikolaos Kourkoumelis Maciej Kubicki Ian S. Butler Jan Balzarini 《Inorganica chimica acta》2009,362(3):1003-121
Silver(I) halides react with tri(p-tolyl)phosphine (tptp, C21H21P) in MeOH/MeCN solutions in 1:1 or 1:3 molar ratios to give complexes of formulae {[AgCl(tptp)]4} (1) or [AgX(tptp)3] (X = Cl (2), Br (3), I (4)), respectively. The complexes were characterized by elemental analyses, and FT-IR far-IR, FT-Raman, TG and 1H, 13C, 31P NMR spectroscopic techniques. Crystal structures of complexes 2-4 were determined by X-ray diffraction at room temperature (rt). The crystal structure of 1 and 4 was also determined at 100(1) and 140(2) K (lt), respectively. In complex 1 four μ3-Cl ions are bonded with four Ag(I) ions forming a cubane while the coordination sphere of silver(I) ions is completed by one P atom from a terminal tri(p-tolyl)phosphine ligand. In complexes 2-3 one terminal halogen and three P atoms from phosphine ligands form a tetrahedral arrangement around the metal ion. Complexes 1-4 were tested for in vitro cytostatic activity against sarcoma cancer cells (mesenchymal tissue) from the Wistar rat, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH, benzo[a]pyrene) carcinogenesis and against murine leukemia (L1210) and human T-lymphocyte (Molt4/C8 and CEM) cells. The silver(I) complexes 1-4 show strong activity. 相似文献
105.
Thioesterase activity and acyl-CoA/fatty acid cross-talk of hepatocyte nuclear factor-4{alpha} 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Hertz R Kalderon B Byk T Berman I Za'tara G Mayer R Bar-Tana J 《The Journal of biological chemistry》2005,280(26):24451-24461
106.
The B16-F10 mouse model of melanoma is a widely used model to study many aspects of cancer biology and therapeutics in a solid tumor. Melanomas aggressively progress within a dynamic microenvironment containing in addition to tumor cells, stroma cells and components such as fibroblasts, immune cells, vascular cells, extracellular matrix (ECM) and extracellular molecules. The goal of this study was to elucidate the processes of tumor progression by identifying differentially expressed proteins in the tumor mass during specific stages of tumor growth. A comparative proteome analysis was performed on B16-F10 derived tumors in C57BL/6 mice at days 3, 5, 7, and 10. Statistical approaches were used to determine quantitative differential protein expression at each tumor time stage. Hierarchical clustering of 44 protein spots (p < 0.01) revealed a progressive change in the tumor mass when all 4 time stages were classified together, but there was a clear switch in expression of these proteins between the day 5 and the day 7 tumors. A trend analysis showed 53 protein spots (p < 0.001) following 6 predominant kinetic paths of expression as the tumor progressed. The protein spots were then identified using MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry. Proteins involved in glycolysis, inflammation, wounding, superoxide metabolism, and chemotaxis increased during tumorigenesis. From day 3 to day 7 VEGF and active cathepsin D were induced 7-fold and 4-fold, respectively. Proteins involved in electron transport, protein folding, blood coagulation, and transport decreased during tumorigenesis. This work illustrates changes in the biology of the B16-F10 tumor mass during tumor progression. 相似文献
107.
Interactions between transmembrane helices are mediated by the concave Gly-xxx-Gly motif surface. Whether Gly residues per se are sufficient for selection of this motif has not been established. Here, we used the in vivo TOXCAT assay to measure the relative affinities of all 18 combinations of Gly, Ala, and Ser "small-xxx-small" mutations in glycophorin A (GpA) and bacteriophage M13 major coat protein (MCP) homodimers. Affinity values were compared with the accessibility to a methylene-sized probe of the total surface area of each helix monomer as a measure of solvation by membrane components. A strong inverse correlation was found between nonpolar-group lipid accessibility and dimer affinity (R = 0.75 for GpA, p = 0.013, and R = 0.81 for MCP, p = 0.004), suggesting that lipid as a poor membrane protein solvent, conceptually analogous to water in soluble protein folding, can contribute to dimer stability and help to define helix-helix interfaces. 相似文献
108.
Levy R 《Biochimica et biophysica acta》2006,1761(11):1323-1334
Phospholipase A2(s) (PLA2(s)) are a family of enzymes that is present in a variety of mammalian and nonmammalian sources. Phagocytic cells contain cytosolic PLA2 (cPLA2) as well as several types of secreted PLA2, all of which have the potential to produce proinflammatory lipid mediators. The role of the predominant form of cPLA2 present in neutrophils is cPLA2alpha was studied by many groups. By modulating its expression in a variety of phagocytes it was found that it plays a major role in formation of eicosanoids. In addition, it was reported that cPLA2alpha also regulates the NADPH oxidase activation. The specificity of its effect on the NADPH oxidase is evident by results demonstrating that the differentiation process as well as other phagocytic functions are normal in cPLA2alpha-deficient PLB cell model. The novel dual subcellular localization of cPLA2alpha in different compartments, in the plasma membranes and in the nucleus, provides a molecular mechanism for the participation of cPLA2alpha in different processes (stimulation of NADPH oxidase and formation of eicosanoids) in the same cells. 相似文献
109.
Butler DK All O Goffena J Loveless T Wilson T Toenjes KA 《Fungal genetics and biology : FG & B》2006,43(8):573-582
The opportunistic fungal pathogen Candida albicans can grow as yeast, pseudohyphae or true hyphae. C. albicans can switch between these morphologies in response to various environmental stimuli and this ability to switch is thought to be an important virulence trait. In Saccharomyces cerevisiae, the Grr1 protein is the substrate recognition component of an SCF ubiquitin ligase that regulates cell cycle progression, cell polarity and nutrient signaling. In this study, we have characterized the GRR1 gene of C. albicans. Deletion of GRR1 from the C. albicans genome results in a highly filamentous, pseudohyphal morphology under conditions that normally promote the yeast form of growth. Under hypha-inducing conditions, most cells lacking GRR1 retain a pseudohyphal morphology, but some cells appear to switch to hyphal-like growth and express the hypha-specific genes HWP1 and ECE1. The C. albicans GRR1 gene also complements the elongated cell morphology phenotype of an S. cerevisiae grr1Delta mutant, indicating that C. albicans GRR1 encodes a true orthologue of S. cerevisaie Grr1. These results support the hypothesis that the Grr1 protein of C. albicans, presumably as the F-box subunit of an SCF ubiquitin ligase, has an essential role in preventing the switch from the yeast cell morphology to a pseudohyphal morphology. 相似文献
110.
Joellen M. Schildkraut Edwin S. Iversen Melanie A. Wilson Merlise A. Clyde Patricia G. Moorman Rachel T. Palmieri Regina Whitaker Rex C. Bentley Jeffrey R. Marks Andrew Berchuck 《PloS one》2010,5(4)