Faster STORM using compressed sensing

In super-resolution microscopy methods based on single-molecule switching, the rate of accumulating single-molecule activation events often limits the time resolution. Here we developed a sparse-signal recovery technique using compressed sensing to analyze images with highly overlapping fluorescent spots. This method allows an activated fluorophore density an order of magnitude higher than what conventional single-molecule fitting methods can handle. Using this method, we demonstrated imaging microtubule dynamics in living cells with a time resolution of 3 s.     

哺乳动物季节性繁殖的内源年生物钟及光敏神经环路研究进展

生活在温带和寒带的哺乳动物在长期的进化过程中形成了季节性繁殖的生活史特征。哺乳动物的繁殖功能主要受到下丘脑-垂体-性腺轴(hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis,HPGA)的调控。视交叉上核(suprachiasmatic nucleus,SCN)能够自发振荡并响应光周期信号的变化,引发褪黑素分泌的改变,并介导下游通路中下丘脑甲状腺激素、Kisspeptin和RF酰胺相关肽(RF amide-related peptide,RFRP)的节律性表达变化,从而调控哺乳动物的季节性繁殖。本文综述了哺乳动物季节性繁殖的内源年生物钟调控,并强调了光敏通路中包括甲状腺激素、Kisspeptin和RFRP在季节性繁殖调控中的重要作用。     

微生物源脂肽的生物合成和分子调控

微生物源脂肽具有抑制真菌和细菌的生长、抗病毒和抗肿瘤等多种生物活性,在农业生物防治、临床医疗、环境治理等多种领域具有巨大的应用潜力。然而,低产量一直是影响其推广应用的瓶颈。深入了解脂肽合成的关键因素和调控策略对于提高其产量和纯度至关重要。本文概括了3大家族脂肽surfactin、fengycin和iturin的结构、功能及应用前景,介绍了NRPS和NRPS-PKS两种合成系统的结构域和功能,阐释了脂肽生物合成过程中侧链脂肪酸的合成、脂肪酸的活化及与氨基酸的连接、肽链的延伸和环化三个阶段的模块组装和酶催化活动,以及三大家族脂肽合成操纵子开放阅读框的组成;总结了导入或缺失关键基因、定点突变、模块替换、强启动子替换、修饰前体路径等多种遗传操作对脂肽产量的影响,以及群体感应肽信息素、sigma因子等全局调控因子对脂肽合成基因表达的调节。指出利用多组学联用深入探讨脂肽合成的全局分子调控机制和加强结构域蛋白互作和分子动力学研究是提高脂肽产量和纯度以及创造新脂肽的理论基础,提出了利用基因组装和编辑等合成生物学方法及代谢工程技术提高脂肽产量和挖掘新型脂肽靶向性的可能途径,为推进脂肽的生产和应用进程提供科学参考。     

多穗金栗兰中一个新的酚苷

从多穗金粟兰(Chloranthus multistachys)全株的甲醇提取物中分离得到1个新的酚苷,通过波谱技术鉴定其结构为丁香酸-4-O-a-L-鼠李吡喃糖苷(1).同时还首次从该植物中分离得到两个已知倍半萜内酯和一个已知木脂素:1β,4β-二羟基-5a,8β-二氢-7(11)Z-桉叶烯-8,12-内酯(2),lβ,4a-二羟基-5a,8β-二氢-7(11)Z-桉叶烯-8,12-内酯(3),(-)-(7S,8R)-dihydrodehydrodiconifery alcohol(4).     

Differentiating the 2,3-diols of glucopyranosides by 4,6-O-benzylidene-protected-1,2-d-glucopyranosylorthoesters strategy

A facile and efficient method to differentiate the 2,3-diols of glucopyranosides based on 1,2-orthoesters strategy was developed. Stable thioglucosides were employed as the starting materials to prepare the corresponding 1,2-orthoesters. When treated with HCl aqueous solution and followed with Et₃N, differentiation of the 2,3-diols was efficiently achieved along with the generation of a convertible anomeric hydroxyl group. In addition, an easy and practical method based on NOE was proposed to determine whether the 1,2-orthoesters were endo-type or exo-type.     

载脂蛋白ApoE的原核表达以及与PrP蛋白间相互作用的初步研究

利用RT-PCR方法从人源细胞系SH-SY5Y cDNA中扩增出载脂蛋白ApoE基因,并在pET32a载体中表达融合蛋白His-ApoE,以纯化的融合蛋白免疫实验用兔获得特异性抗体,利用ELISA及免疫共沉淀方法对ApoE及PrP之间的相互作用进行研究.结果表明,SDS-PAGE显示表达的His-ApoE蛋白的相对分子量约为54 000,所制备的抗血清ELISA效价可达到1∶406 900,并能够有效地识别重组及动物组织中的内源性ApoE蛋白.ELISA和免疫共沉淀实验均显示,原核表达的ApoE可与全长的PrP蛋白（PrP23-231）在体外发生相互作用,其作用位点可能位于PrP蛋白的N端.这些结果为TSE经血传播的机制研究提供了新思路.     

社鼠组织器官同工酶的研究

用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶等电聚焦电泳方法,分析了社鼠的肝、肾、心肌、骨骼肌、肺、脾和脑等多种组织器官的ＬＤＨ、ＡＤＨ、ＥＳＴ、和ＳＯＤ４种同工酶,对各组织器官的酶带数目和分布,以及酶活性进行了比较研究。结果表明,社鼠的ＬＤＨ同工酶、ＡＤＨ同工酶和ＥＳＴ同工酶具有比较明显的组织特异性,而ＳＯＤ同工酶的组织特异性较低。肺和脾除ＥＳＴ同工酶活性较高外,脑除ＬＤＨ同工酶活性较高外,其它３种同工酶的活性均较低;而肝和肾中４种同工酶的活性普遍很高。心肌和骨骼肌因氧张力不同而使ＬＤＨ同工酶酶谱存在明显差异,但其它３种同工酶酶谱却非常相似。同工酶的组织特异性与各组织器官所执行的生理功能是相一致的     

Pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine derivatives containing a Schiff base moiety as potential antiviral agents

A series of pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine derivatives containing a Schiff base moiety were synthesized, characterised, and evaluated for their activity against tobacco mosaic virus (TMV). Biological assays indicated that several of the derivatives exhibited significant activity against TMV. In particularly, compounds 5y and 5aa displayed excellent inactivating activity against TMV, with half maximal effective concentration (EC₅₀) values of 70.3 and 53.65?μg/mL, respectively, which were much better than that of ribavirin (150.45?μg/mL), and 5aa was superior to ningnanmycin (EC₅₀?=?55.35?μg/mL). Interactions of compounds 5y and 5aa with TMV coat protein (TMV-CP) were investigated using microscale thermophoresis and molecular docking. Compounds 5y and 5aa displayed strong binding capability to TMV-CP with dissociation constant (K_d) values of 22.6 and 9.8?μM, respectively. These findings indicate that pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine derivatives containing a Schiff base may be potential antiviral agents.