全文获取类型
收费全文 | 105篇 |
免费 | 6篇 |
国内免费 | 2篇 |
出版年
2020年 | 1篇 |
2019年 | 1篇 |
2018年 | 1篇 |
2016年 | 3篇 |
2015年 | 2篇 |
2014年 | 3篇 |
2013年 | 5篇 |
2012年 | 5篇 |
2011年 | 4篇 |
2010年 | 4篇 |
2009年 | 6篇 |
2008年 | 7篇 |
2007年 | 10篇 |
2006年 | 5篇 |
2005年 | 1篇 |
2003年 | 3篇 |
2002年 | 8篇 |
2001年 | 3篇 |
1999年 | 4篇 |
1998年 | 8篇 |
1997年 | 4篇 |
1996年 | 5篇 |
1995年 | 3篇 |
1994年 | 1篇 |
1993年 | 2篇 |
1992年 | 4篇 |
1989年 | 2篇 |
1988年 | 1篇 |
1986年 | 1篇 |
1983年 | 1篇 |
1982年 | 1篇 |
1977年 | 1篇 |
1976年 | 1篇 |
1975年 | 1篇 |
1934年 | 1篇 |
排序方式: 共有113条查询结果,搜索用时 31 毫秒
91.
92.
Speoplatyrhinus poulsoni, the Alabama cavefish, is a federally endangered stygobitic fish that is restricted to Key Cave in northwestern Alabama. Due to the low abundance of this species and the continuous threats to the cave's recharge area, we surveyed Key Cave from 1992 to 1997. Alabama cavefish were present in five different pools and had numbers comparable to previous surveys performed in the 1970's and 1980's. Three different size classes were observed, indicating recruitment is occurring. These data suggest that the population is relatively stable, but future monitoring is recommended. The Alabama cavefish is an endangered species and is extremely difficult to capture, therefore any marking program to accurately estimate the population size is unlikely. A single specimen of Typhlichthys subterraneus was captured in Key Cave. This falsifies the previous assumption that these two species are allopatric. Because of this discovery, we resurveyed seven caves in the area around Key Cave for additional populations of S. poulsoni. These caves had either known populations of T. subterraneus or unidentified cavefish. No additional populations of S. poulsoni were discovered, but further investigation is warranted. The Key Cave National Wildlife Refuge was established in the high recharge area of Key Cave to protect this habitat, yet threats to the groundwater continue from encroaching urbanization. 相似文献
93.
Hendrickson Dean A. Pérez Héctor Espinosa Findley Lloyd T. Forbes William Tomelleri Joseph R. Mayden Richard L. Nielsen Jennifer L. Jensen Buddy Campos Gorgonio Ruiz Romero Alejandro Varela van der Heiden Albert Camarena Faustino de León Francisco J. García 《Reviews in Fish Biology and Fisheries》2002,12(2-3):273-316
While biologists have been aware of theexistence of native Mexican trouts for over acentury, they have received little study. Thefew early studies that did much more thanmention their existence began in the 1930s andcontinued into the early 1960s, focusingprimarily on distributional surveys andtaxonomic analyses. Starting in the 1980s theBaja California rainbow trout became thesubject of more detailed studies, but verylittle remains known of mainland trouts of theSierra Madre Occidental. We review earlierstudies and report on our own collections andobservations made between 1975 and 2000. Wepresent newly discovered historical evidencethat leads us to conclude that a lostcutthroat trout, a lineage not previously knownfrom Mexico, was collected more than a centuryago from headwaters of the Río Conchos (amajor tributary of the Rio Grande (= RíoBravo)), a basin not previously considered toharbor a native trout. We review the lastcentury of regional natural resource managementand discuss our own observations of trouthabitats. Impacts of logging, road building andovergrazing are widespread and expanding. Manystreams suffer from heavy erosion, siltationand contamination, and though long-termhydrologic data are generally not available,there is evidence of decreased discharge inmany streams. These problems appear related toregion-wide land management practices as wellas recent regional drought. Trout cultureoperations using exotic rainbow trout haverapidly proliferated throughout the region,threatening genetic introgression and/orcompetition with native forms and predation onthem. Knowledge of distribution, abundance,relationships and taxonomy, not to mentionecology and population biology, of nativetrouts of the Sierra Madre Occidental remainsinadequate. Vast areas of most mainlanddrainages are still unexplored by fishcollectors, and even rudimentary informationregarding basic biology, ecology and populationstructure of stocks remains lacking.Concentrated exploration, research andmanagement of this long overlooked andundervalued resource are all urgently needed.The history of natural resources exploitationthat placed so many native trouts of thewestern United States on threatened andendangered species lists is repeating itself inthe Sierra Madre Occidental. Without concertedaction and development of region-widesocio-economic solutions for current, largelynon-sustainable resource management practices,native Mexican trout gene pools will soon be ingrave danger of extinction. 相似文献
94.
Cyprinidae is the biggest family of freshwater fish, but the phylogenetic relationships among its higher-level taxa are not yet fully resolved. In this study, we used the nuclear recombination activating gene 2 and the mitochondrial 16S ribosomal RNA and cytochrome b genes to reconstruct cyprinid phylogeny. Our aims were to (i) demonstrate the effects of partitioned phylogenetic analyses on phylogeny reconstruction of cyprinid fishes; (ii) provide new insights into the phylogeny of cyprinids. Our study indicated that unpartitioned strategy was optimal for our analyses; partitioned analyses did not provide better-resolved or -supported estimates of cyprinid phylogeny. Bayesian analyses support the following relationships among the major monophyletic groups within Cyprinidae: (Cyprininae, Labeoninae), ((Acheilognathinae, ((Leuciscinae, Tincinae), Gobioninae)), Xenocyprininae). The placement of Danioninae was poorly resolved. Estimates of divergence dates within the family showed that radiation of the major cyprinid groups occurred during the Late Oligocene through the Late Miocene. Our phylogenetic analyses improved our understanding of the evolutionary history of this important fish family. 相似文献
95.
Masaki Miya Kenji Saitoh Robert Wood Mutsumi Nishida Richard L. Mayden 《Ichthyological Research》2006,53(1):75-81
We provide 15 new primers for amplifying and sequencing the mitochondrial ND4/ND5 gene region of the Cypriniformes in an attempt
to resolve relationships of this diverse group of freshwater fishes with extensive taxonomic sampling. Sequences from this
region have the following desirable characteristics for phylogenetic analyses, some of which are lacking from the more commonly
used cyt b and 12S/16S rRNA genes: they are (1) easy to align, (2) relatively long (ca. 3.4 kb), and (3) contain more phylogenetically
informative variation at 1st and 2nd codon positions. Moreover, the ND4/ND5 gene region is easy to amplify and sequence when
employing the protocol suggested herein. 相似文献
96.
DOMINIK LERMEN BRUNHILDE BLÖMEKE ROBERT BROWNE ANN CLARKE PAUL W. DYCE THOMAS FIXEMER GÜNTER R. FUHR WILLIAM V. HOLT KATARINA JEWGENOW RHIANNON E. LLOYD STEFAN LÖTTERS MARTIN PAULUS GORDON MCGREGOR REID DANIEL H. RAPOPORT DAVID RAWSON JENNIFER RINGLEB OLIVER A. RYDER GABRIELE SPÖRL THOMAS SCHMITT MICHAEL VEITH PAUL MÜLLER 《Molecular ecology》2009,18(6):1030-1033
Cryobanking, the freezing of biological specimens to maintain their integrity for a variety of anticipated and unanticipated uses, offers unique opportunities to advance the basic knowledge of biological systems and their evolution. Notably, cryobanking provides a crucial opportunity to support conservation efforts for endangered species. Historically, cryobanking has been developed mostly in response to human economic and medical needs — these needs must now be extended to biodiversity conservation. Reproduction technologies utilizing cryobanked gametes, embryos and somatic cells are already vital components of endangered species recovery efforts. Advances in modern biological research (e.g. stem cell research, genomics and proteomics) are already drawing heavily on cryobanked specimens, and future needs are anticipated to be immense. The challenges of developing and applying cryobanking for a broader diversity of species were addressed at an international conference held at Trier University (Germany) in June 2008. However, the magnitude of the potential benefits of cryobanking stood in stark contrast to the lack of substantial resources available for this area of strategic interest for biological science — and society at large. The meeting at Trier established a foundation for a strong global incentive to cryobank threatened species. The establishment of an Amphibian Ark cryobanking programme offers the first opportunity for global cooperation to achieve the cryobanking of the threatened species from an entire vertebrate class. 相似文献
97.
98.
Several fundamental questions remain enigmatic concerning human olfactory
sensitivity, including (i) whether detection threshold differences exist
between the two sides of the nose (and, if so, whether such differences are
influenced by handedness) and (ii) whether bilateral (i.e. binasal)
stimulation leads to lower thresholds than unilateral stimulation (and, if
so, whether the degree of facilitation is inversely related to general
olfactory ability). In this study, and well-validated single staircase
procedure was used to establish bilateral and unilateral detection
thresholds for the cranial nerve I stimulant phenyl ethyl alcohol in 130
right- and 33 left-handed subjects. No differences in sensitivity between
the left and right sides of the nose were observed in either group.
Bilateral thresholds were lower, on average, than unilateral thresholds
when the latter were categorized in terms of left and right nares. However,
the bilateral thresholds did not differ significantly from those of the
side of the nose with the lower threshold. Overall smell ability, as
measured by the University of Pennsylvania Smell Identification Test, did
not interact with any of the test measures. These data imply that (i) the
left and right sides of the nose do not systematically differ in detection
threshold sensitivity for either dextrals or sinistrals and (ii) if central
integration of left:right olfactory threshold sensitivity occurs, its
effects do not exceed the function of the better side of the nose.
相似文献
99.
100.