‘长林4号’油茶树冠不同部位的果实性状差异

以5年生‘长林4号’油茶为试材,对树体冠层不同部位的油茶果实性状进行研究。结果表明,与树冠内层果实相比,树冠外层中上部的果实较大(29.5 g),籽粒数较多(4.8粒/果),鲜出籽率和果形指数相对较小(分别为46.8%和0.81);树冠外层果实的种仁含油率(41.2%)显著高于内层果实(α=0.05),而树冠外层不同部位的种仁含油率无显著差异;此外,树冠不同部位的果实茶油的脂肪酸组成无明显差异,果实着生部位对茶油品质的影响不大。     

脱氮硫杆菌特异引物/探针的设计和评价

自脱氮硫杆菌(Thiobacillus denitrificans)16S rRNA基因V3可变区中发现一条27 bp的特异序列, 以该序列为反向引物, 对高效同步脱硫反硝化系统污泥DNA进行了温度梯度PCR扩增和基因文库构建, 结果证实了该引物的高度专一性。应用该探针在去离子甲酰胺和NaCl的浓度分别为35%和100 mmol/L, 杂交/洗脱温度为48°C条件下对污泥样品杂交得到较好的阳性结果, 软件分析表明脱氮硫杆菌在污泥中约占15%。脱氮硫杆菌专一性引物/探针的提出, 将为不同生态环境中该种微生物的时空分布、结构动态以及实时定量等研究提供分子生物学工具。     

秧苗平面分布对水稻群体动态、冠层透光率及穗部性状的影响

以分蘖能力较强的水稻品种D优527为材料,研究秧苗平面分布对水稻群体动态、冠层透光率及穗部性状的影响.结果表明:平面分布无序不等距程度越大,群体茎蘖数越多,差异在栽后34 d达显著水平,但齐穗期差异不显著.移栽后水稻不同平面分布群体逐渐呈平面分布无序不等距程度越大茎蘖数变异系数越大的趋势,至拔节期以后达到显著或极显著水平.与均匀分布相比,水稻秧苗不等距平面分布有利于改善群体冠层透光性和成穗质量.     

鹤山退化草坡生态系统的自然恢复

研究了鹤山南亚热带退化草坡20a的自然恢复动态,发现群落虽有阳生乔木入侵,但仍处于草本和灌丛占优势的生物多样性较低的阶段;土壤中的有机质、水解氮、有效磷和有效钾等营养元素已基本恢复到同地带顶级森林群落的水平;虽然群落的空间结构与生物多样性尚未恢复,但其部分生态功能已经恢复,其中水土保持最先恢复,生产力等功能还需要较长的时间恢复;对于鹤山草坡这类一般退化生态系统来说,可能需要通过构建合适的人工林来加速生物多样性和生物量等指标的恢复过程,仅仅通过自然恢复是难以在较短的时间内迅速恢复其物质循环等功能的。     

中国树甲属一新种记述(鞘翅目,拟步甲科)

记述中国树甲属strongylium 1新种,即郑氏树甲S.zhengi sp.nov..模式标本保存在中国科学院动物研究所.     

荒漠生态系统对大气CO2浓度升高响应的干湿年差异

利用一个基于详细生理学过程的生态系统模型PALS-FT,通过模拟实验分析了美国亚利桑那州(Arizona)首府凤凰城(Phoenix)市西郊的Larreatridentata荒漠生态系统在干湿年份(1988-2002年)对大气CO2浓度升高响应的差别。结果表明,生态系统地上净初级生产力(ANPP)和土壤有机质年累积速率(SOM)均随大气CO2浓度升高而呈非线性(湿年)或线性(正常年和干年)增加;所有年份的土壤N含量(Nsoil)则呈非线性显著下降。ANPP与SOM的绝对变化量总是湿年大于正常年和干年,相对变化量则与所分析的CO2处理水平有关;Nsoil的绝对变化量和相对变化量均为湿年大于正常年和干年。不同功能型的植物ANPP对大气CO2浓度升高的绝对变化量均为湿年大于正常年和干年;相对变化量则因具体植物功能型而异,灌木和亚灌木为干年大于正常年和湿年,一年生C3和C4草本均为湿年大于正常年和干年。因此,无论是生态系统水平还是植物功能型(或物种)水平,荒漠生态系统对未来大气CO2浓度升高的响应都将受降水格局的显著影响。     

新桑树品种——川826的育成

经多年观察比较,新桑品种“川826”表现出遗传性状稳定、优质、高产、抗性较好等优点,2000年正式列为“十五”省农作物育种攻关项目“优质、高产桑、蚕新品种选育”中桑主攻品种,并进一步进行区域性比较试验。经过2002年至2005年在四川省乐山、三台、蚕研所等三点的比较试验和在四川篷安生产示范点的示范繁殖,“川826”与对照品种“湖32”相比,其产叶量高13.95%,万头产茧量高8.88%,万头产茧层量高8.8%,五龄担桑产茧量高13.51%,667 m2(亩)桑产茧量高28.2%,桑产茧层量高27.6%。特别是用“川826”桑叶养蚕后产卵制种成绩尤为突出,单蛾产卵量比对照高6.87%以上,单蛾正常卵粒数比对照高5.63%以上。2006年4月被四川省农作物品种审定委员会审定为合格品种。     

Floral organogenesis of Helleborus thibetanus and Nigella damascena (Ranunculaceae) and its systematic significance

Floral organogenesis in Helleborus thibetanus and Nigella damascena was examined and compared using scanning electron microscopy and light microscopy, and the putative relationships of Helleborus and Nigella were analysed. H. thibetanus and N. damascena share some features of floral phyllotaxis and development of the sepals, petals, stamens and carpels, which are also found in other members of Ranunculaceae. However, they differ strongly in the number and degree of fusion of the carpels: in H. thibetanus, the two carpels are slightly united at the base, whereas, in N. damascena, the gynoecium is syncarpous and the five carpels are united throughout the ovary. Differences are also noted in petal development. The blade of the young petal of H. thibetanus develops two bulges which become connate and then fuse with the blade at the sides, developing more quickly than the blade and forming a tubular petal. In N. damascena, a single ridge is formed on the petal blade which develops into the smaller adaxial labium of the bilabiate petal, whereas the blade itself develops into the larger abaxial labium bearing two pseudonectaries. The outermost stamens are delayed in development in Helleborus, but not in Nigella. Although the results from our investigation are preliminary, differences in floral development characters suggest that Helleborus and Nigella may not be closely related and possibly support placement into separate tribes. © 2011 The Linnean Society of London, Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society, 2011, 166 , 431–443.     

去神经对快,慢肌纤维肌球蛋白ATPase影响的组织化学观察

本文用组织化学方法观察了豚鼠比目鱼肌(SOL)和腓骨第三肌(PT)在去神经后其快、慢纤维肌球蛋白ATPase特性的变化。在正常肌肉中Ⅰ型(慢)纤维和Ⅱ型(快)纤维分别具有酸和碱稳定ATPase活性。慢纤维在去神经后出现了碱稳定ATPase活性,而快纤维则无明显变化。结果表明,只有慢纤维的肌球蛋白ATPase特性才与神经支配有关。     

Microsatellites reveal origin and genetic diversity of Eurasian invasions by one of the world’s most notorious marine invader,Mnemiopsis leidyi (Ctenophora)

Marine invasions are taking place at an increasing rate. When occurring in blooms, zooplanktivorous comb jellies of the genus Mnemiopsis are able to cause pelagic regime shifts in coastal areas and may cause the collapse of commercially important fish populations. Using microsatellites, developed for the first time in the phylum Ctenophora, we show that Mnemiopsis leidyi has colonized Eurasia from two source regions. Our preliminary data set included four sites within the putative source region (US East Coast and Gulf of Mexico) and 10 invaded locations in Eurasian waters. Bayesian clustering and phylogeographic approaches revealed the origin of earlier invasions of the Black and Caspian Sea in the 1980s/1990s within or close to the Gulf of Mexico, while the 2006 invasion of the North and Baltic Seas can be directly traced to New England (pairwise F_ST = 0). We found no evidence for mixing among both gene pools in the invaded areas. While the genetic diversity (allelic richness) remained similar in the Baltic Sea compared to the source region New England, it was reduced in the North Sea, supporting the view of an initial invasion of Northern Europe to a Baltic Sea port. In Black and Caspian Sea samples, we found a gradual decline in allelic richness compared to the Gulf of Mexico region, supporting a stepping‐stone model of colonization with two sequential genetic founder events. Our data also suggest that current practices of ballast water treatment are insufficient to prevent repeated invasions of gelatinous zooplankton.