片突菱纹叶蝉感染枣疯植原体与Wolbachia的检测及系统发育分析

[目的]探讨片突菱纹叶蝉Hishimonus lamellatus Cai et Kuo不同种群中枣疯植原体与沃尔巴克氏体Wolbachia的感染情况和Wolbachia在不同器官组织分布,明确枣园菱纹叶蝉中Wolbachia的感染类型和分类地位,为研究Wolbachia感染对枣疯植原体潜在介体叶蝉生物学及生态学影响奠定基础.[方法]通过枣疯植原体和Wolbachia的基因特异性引物对片突菱纹叶蝉田间自然种群和实验室种群进行分子检测和鉴定.[结果]田间采集的片突菱纹叶蝉成虫植原体感染率在55％-61％之间,而Wolbachia感染率为3％-4％.田间采集的片突菱纹叶蝉自然种群经室内饲养,在1-4龄若虫中检测到Wolbachia,2-5龄若虫中检测到了植原体.片突菱纹叶蝉实验室饲养无植原体种群在其卵巢、卵和若虫中发现感染Wolbachia,在其唾液腺和消化道也检测到了Wolbachia,感染率在58％-100％之间.基于Wolbachia的wsp基因构建系统发育树,发现片突菱纹叶蝉体内的2个Wolbachia株系同属于B大组,但不同于B大组其他株系,属于新株系wLam1和wLam2.[结论]片突菱纹叶蝉成虫采自田间种群可以感染枣疯植原体和Wolbachia,无植原体叶蝉实验室饲养种群成虫感染Wolbachia显著高于田间种群,片突菱纹叶蝉体内2个Wolbachia株系属于B大组.这一研究结果为Wolbachia作为介体叶蝉生物防治剂进一步利用提供了基础信息.     

Increased invasiveness of osteosarcoma mesenchymal stem cells induced by bone-morphogenetic protein-2

To evaluate the different traits of mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) isolated from osteosarcoma (OS) and normal bone marrow (BM) induced by bone-morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2). MSCs from implanted osteosarcoma or femur bone marrow were isolated and cultured. Differentiation potency was verified and phenotypes were evaluated by flow cytometry. Increased or decreased expressions of BMP-2 were delivered by adenovirus and lentivirus vector, respectively. Expressions of VEGF, EMMPRIN, and MMP-9 were examined. Cell cycle, apoptosis, invasiveness, and proliferation assays were performed between the transfected groups and controls. Increased BMP-2 induced over-expression of VEGF, EMMPRIN, and MMP-9 in OS- and BM-MSCs both intra- and extra-cellularly. Decreased BMP-2 expression induced inhibition of the factors. Increased BMP-2 also induced less population of cells at G1 phase, more apoptotic cells, more cells that invade through Transwell membrane, and faster proliferation in OSMSC compared to those in BMMSC. BMP-2 induced higher expression of tumorigenic factors, which could be responsible for promoting the proliferation and aggressiveness of OSMSC over BMMSC.     

西瓜DUS测试标准品种SSR指纹图谱构建及应用

本研究采用代表最大限度西瓜遗传多样性的SSR核心引物组合,分析了西瓜DUS测试指南中的24份标准品种遗传多样性与核酸指纹。以基于重测序获得的SNP标记构建的17份西瓜材料的系统发育树为参照,对24份标准品种进行了遗传多样性分析,在遗传相似系数0.80处将24份标准品种分为3大类群,分析表明：核酸指纹分类比传统形态学分类更为准确。采用二维（QR）编码构建了西瓜24份标准品种的SSR指纹图谱,并利用本技术以保护品种“京欣2号”与对照品种“京欣1号”为例,进行了DUS分子鉴定测试,共扩增32个SSR位点,“京欣1号”和“京欣2号”之间存在4个位点的差异,品种间遗传相似系数为0.89,比形态学鉴定的差异位点更多且更准。本研究建立的西瓜DUS标准品种SSR指纹图谱与分子检测技术,可以应用到西瓜品种DUS分子检测实践,同时也为西瓜品种纯度与真实性鉴定及遗传背景分析提供了技术方案。     

额底纵裂入路手术对鞍上第三脑室底垂体瘤的疗效分析

目的：分析经额底纵裂入路治疗鞍上第三脑室底垂体瘤的疗效,探讨其临床适用性。方法：选择从2011年1月~2013年1月与我院行额底纵裂入路手术治疗的30例鞍上第三脑室底垂体瘤的患者,术中行单侧额或双侧额弧形切口,根据术中所见肿瘤位置,由终板、视神经一颈内动脉等存在的生理间隙处切除肿瘤,观察所有患者的手术疗效。结果：所有患者术中可见肿瘤位于鞍内鞍上,部分或全部突入第三脑室底,其中有6例患者伴有脑积水。术中肿瘤全切23例,次全切5例,大部切除2例,无手术死亡病例。术前25例患者视力减退,术后23例患者视力均获得不同程度改善,仅1例暂无明显变化。术后19例出现电解质紊乱,患者经治疗后均已纠正;12例出现不同程度的尿崩症,给予患者药物治疗后,病情得到缓解。术后随访6个月,23例肿瘤全切患者病灶无复发,另外4例次全切者病灶也无明显变化,仅1例次全切和2例大部切除患者于术后行伽马刀再次治疗。结论：经额底纵裂入路治疗鞍上第三脑室底垂体瘤可以达到视野清晰,直观下进行肿瘤切除,手术效果好,并发症较少,适合临床长期推广应用。     

植物病媒昆虫的翅型分化

翅多型现象是昆虫非遗传多型性的一种表现,包括不具飞行能力的短翅型或无翅型,以及可以进行长距离迁飞的长翅型或有翅型。翅多型现象常发生在可以携带病原并将其传播给植物宿主的媒介昆虫中,对植物病害的时空分布与暴发有重要影响。本文从翅型分化的遗传规律、诱导因素、分子机制和伴随翅型分化的其他生理表现4个方面,对植物病原主要传播媒介蚜虫和飞虱的翅型分化研究进行综述和梳理。昆虫翅型分化的诱导因素主要包括温度、湿度和光周期等非生物因素以及虫口密度、宿主营养、病毒等生物因素;而其内在的分子机制大多是通过胰岛素/胰岛素样生长因子信号(IIS)通路、c-Jun氨基末端激酶(c-Jun NH 2-terminal kinase,JNK)信号通路、Wingless和嗅觉受体SaveOrco等调控。翅型分化的同时伴随着生理状态的变化,表现为短翅型具有更强的繁殖能力和长翅型含有更丰富的飞行肌结构成分。目前,昆虫翅型分化的研究尚不够完善,有许多需要解答的问题,如找到胰岛素/胰岛素样生长因子信号通路中真正发挥功能的靶基因,JNK如何调控翅型分化以及虫媒病毒影响媒介昆虫翅型的分子机理。本综述可为控制虫媒病原的传播以及其他昆虫翅多型的研究提供参考。     

PVY侵染后烟草营养成分的变化及其对介体烟蚜生长发育的影响

【目的】明确马铃薯Y病毒(potato virus Y,PVY)侵染后诱导的烟草营养成分的变化及其对烟蚜Myzus persicae生命特性的影响,旨在进一步解析PVY-烟草-烟蚜三者间的互作机制。【方法】通过蒽酮比色法和氨基酸自动分析仪测定了PVY不同侵染时期烟株体内的可溶性糖和游离氨基酸含量的变化;测定和比较了感病与健康烟草植株上烟蚜种群生长发育、成虫寿命、繁殖力和有翅蚜产生量的差异性。【结果】PVY侵染前、中、后期(分别为侵染后5,12和20 d)的烟草叶片中游离氨基酸的总量均显著高于健康烟草叶片。相较于健康烟草叶片,在PVY侵染前期的烟草叶片中,谷氨酸、脯氨酸、天冬氨酸、色氨酸、缬氨酸、赖氨酸和组氨酸的含量显著增加;PVY侵染中期,感病叶片中丝氨酸含量显著下降,谷氨酸、天冬氨酸、色氨酸、缬氨酸、亮氨酸、苯丙氨酸、精氨酸和组氨酸含量显著提高;PVY侵染后期,感病叶片中甘氨酸含量显著下降,谷氨酸、脯氨酸、天冬氨酸、苏氨酸、缬氨酸、亮氨酸、丙氨酸、苯丙氨酸、组氨酸、酪氨酸和精氨酸含量显著提高。在PVY侵染的前期和中期,感病叶片中的可溶性糖含量显著高于健康烟叶,而在侵染后期感病叶片中可溶性糖含量显著低于健康烟草叶片的。PVY侵染前期和中期的烟草叶片中总糖和总游离氨基酸的含量比值显著高于健康烟草叶片中的。在PVY侵染的烟草植株和健康烟草植株上取食的烟蚜其发育历期、若蚜历期、成蚜繁殖期、繁殖后期、寿命、烟蚜种群的内禀增长率、周限增长率和平均世代周期均无显著差异,但在感病烟草植株上取食的烟蚜成蚜繁殖前期显著缩短,其繁殖力和净生殖率显著提高。相较于健康烟草植株,在PVY侵染烟草植株上定殖的烟蚜种群有翅蚜发生的高峰期提前。【结论】PVY侵染前期和中期提高了寄主烟草的营养品质,从而提高了烟蚜的繁殖力。侵染后期烟草营养品质的下降,促使烟蚜种群有翅蚜的产生和扩散,从而有利于PVY自身的传播。     

Induction of diapause and seasonal morphs in butterflies and other insects: knowns,unknowns and the challenge of integration

The ‘choice’ of whether to enter diapause or to develop directly has profound effects on the life histories of insects, and may thus have cascading consequences such as seasonal morphs and other less obvious forms of seasonal plasticity. Present knowledge of the control of diapause and seasonal morphs at the physiological and molecular levels is briefly reviewed. Examples, mainly derived from personal research (primarily on butterflies), are given as a starting point with the aim of outlining areas of research that are still poorly understood. These include: the role of the direction of change in photoperiod; the role of factors such as temperature and diet in modifying the photoperiodic responses; and the role of sex, parental effects and sex linkage on photoperiodic control. More generally, there is still a limited understanding of how external cues and physiological pathways regulating various traits are interconnected via gene action to form a co‐adapted complete phenotype that is adaptive in the wild despite environmental fluctuation and change.     

Blockage of glucocorticoid receptors during memory acquisition, retrieval and reconsolidation prevents the expression of morphine-induced conditioned place preferences in mice

Association between the reward caused by consuming drugs and the context in which they are consumed is essential in the formation of morphine-induced conditioned place preference (CPP). Glucocorticoid receptor (GRs) activation in different regions of the brain affects reward-based reinforcement and memory processing. A wide array of studies have demonstrated that blockage of GRs in some brain areas can have an effect on reward-related memory; however, to date there have been no systematic studies about the involvement of glucocorticoids (GCs) in morphine-related reward memory. Here, we used the GR antagonist RU38486 to investigate how GRs blockage affects the sensitization and CPP behavior during different phases of reward memory included acquisition, retrieval and reconsolidation. Interestingly, our results showed RU38486 has the ability to impair the acquisition, retrieval and reconsolidation of reward-based memory in CPP and sensitization behavior. But RU38486 by itself cannot induce CPP or conditioned place aversion (CPA) behavior. Our data provide a much more complete picture of the potential effects that glucocorticoids have on the reward memory of different phases and inhibit the sensitization behavior.