一株Streptosporangium sp.的次生代谢产物的研究

通过对Streptosporangium sp.菌株发酵液的初步分离纯化,得到二个化合物,由波谱数据解析鉴定其结构分别为YXJE1(1),7,4′-二羟基黄酮(2)。其中化合物1是新化合物。活性实验证明化合物1,2具有一定的抑制乙酰胆碱酯酶活性。     

花生分子标记的研究进展

国内外对花生的研究特别是在分子水平上的研究相对水稻、油菜等农作物比较薄弱。近些年,分子标记技术迅速发展,在花生上也得到广泛的应用。本文从花生属起源、种质资源的遗传多样性、抗性基因的标记和指纹图谱等方面,综述了国内外花生分子标记的研究进展。     

Time-Course Association Mapping of the Grain-Filling Rate in Rice (Oryza sativa L.)

Detecting quantity trait locus (QTLs) and elite alleles that are associated with grain-filling rate (GFR) in rice is essential for promoting the utilization of hybrid japonica rice and improving rice yield. Ninety-five varieties including 58 landraces and 37 elite varieties from the core germplasm collection were genotyped with 263 simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers. The GFR of the 95 varieties was evaluated at five stages, 7, 14, 21, 28 and 35 days after flowering (DAF) both in 2011 and 2012. We found abundant phenotypic and genetic diversity in the studied population. A population structure analysis identified seven subpopulations. A linkage disequilibrium (LD) analysis indicated that the levels of LD ranged from 60.3 cM to 84.8 cM and artificial selection had enhanced the LD. A time-course association analysis detected 31 marker-GFR associations involving 24 SSR markers located on chromosomes 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 9, 11 and 12 of rice at five stages. The elite alleles for high GFR at each stage were detected. Fifteen excellent parental combinations were predicted, and the best parental combination ‘Nannongjing62401×Laolaihong’ could theoretically increase 4.086 mg grain^-1 d^-1 at the five stages. Our results demonstrate that the time-course association mapping for GFR in rice could detect elite alleles at different filling stages and that these elite alleles could be used to improve the GFR via pyramiding breeding.     

大气CO2浓度变化对铜绿微囊藻生长的影响

蓝藻水华暴发是多因素综合作用的结果,藻类生长受温度、光照、风力、营养盐、pH、微量元素等多个因素的影响[1—4]。藻类属于光能自养型微生物,其生长繁殖离不开自身的光合作用;作为光合作用主要的无机碳源,CO2对藻类生长有着举足轻重的作用。工业的快速发展,化石燃料的燃烧,增加了大气CO2的源,环境破坏引起的森林绿地面积锐减,又使CO2的汇减少,最终导致大气CO2浓度不断增加。     

脱氮硫杆菌特异引物/探针的设计和评价

自脱氮硫杆菌(Thiobacillus denitrificans)16S rRNA基因V3可变区中发现一条27 bp的特异序列, 以该序列为反向引物, 对高效同步脱硫反硝化系统污泥DNA进行了温度梯度PCR扩增和基因文库构建, 结果证实了该引物的高度专一性。应用该探针在去离子甲酰胺和NaCl的浓度分别为35%和100 mmol/L, 杂交/洗脱温度为48°C条件下对污泥样品杂交得到较好的阳性结果, 软件分析表明脱氮硫杆菌在污泥中约占15%。脱氮硫杆菌专一性引物/探针的提出, 将为不同生态环境中该种微生物的时空分布、结构动态以及实时定量等研究提供分子生物学工具。     

去神经对快,慢肌纤维肌球蛋白ATPase影响的组织化学观察

本文用组织化学方法观察了豚鼠比目鱼肌(SOL)和腓骨第三肌(PT)在去神经后其快、慢纤维肌球蛋白ATPase特性的变化。在正常肌肉中Ⅰ型(慢)纤维和Ⅱ型(快)纤维分别具有酸和碱稳定ATPase活性。慢纤维在去神经后出现了碱稳定ATPase活性,而快纤维则无明显变化。结果表明,只有慢纤维的肌球蛋白ATPase特性才与神经支配有关。     

Microsatellites reveal origin and genetic diversity of Eurasian invasions by one of the world’s most notorious marine invader,Mnemiopsis leidyi (Ctenophora)

Marine invasions are taking place at an increasing rate. When occurring in blooms, zooplanktivorous comb jellies of the genus Mnemiopsis are able to cause pelagic regime shifts in coastal areas and may cause the collapse of commercially important fish populations. Using microsatellites, developed for the first time in the phylum Ctenophora, we show that Mnemiopsis leidyi has colonized Eurasia from two source regions. Our preliminary data set included four sites within the putative source region (US East Coast and Gulf of Mexico) and 10 invaded locations in Eurasian waters. Bayesian clustering and phylogeographic approaches revealed the origin of earlier invasions of the Black and Caspian Sea in the 1980s/1990s within or close to the Gulf of Mexico, while the 2006 invasion of the North and Baltic Seas can be directly traced to New England (pairwise F_ST = 0). We found no evidence for mixing among both gene pools in the invaded areas. While the genetic diversity (allelic richness) remained similar in the Baltic Sea compared to the source region New England, it was reduced in the North Sea, supporting the view of an initial invasion of Northern Europe to a Baltic Sea port. In Black and Caspian Sea samples, we found a gradual decline in allelic richness compared to the Gulf of Mexico region, supporting a stepping‐stone model of colonization with two sequential genetic founder events. Our data also suggest that current practices of ballast water treatment are insufficient to prevent repeated invasions of gelatinous zooplankton.     

毛蕊铁线莲的组织培养与植株再生

1植物名称毛蕊铁线莲（Clematis lasiandra Maxim．）,别名小木通、丝瓜花。2材料类别带芽茎段、节间和叶片。3培养条件诱导培养基：（1）MS＋6-BA0．5mg．L-1（单位下同）＋NAA0．05＋3％蔗糖;（2）MS＋6-BA0．5＋NAA0．1＋2,4-D0．1＋3％蔗糖;（3）MS＋6-BA2．O＋NAA0．1＋3％蔗糖。增殖分化培养基：（4）MS＋6-BA1．0＋NAA0．1＋3％蔗糖;（5）MS＋6．BA2．0＋NAA0．1＋2,4-D0．01＋3％蔗糖;（6）MS＋6．BA2．0＋NAA0．05＋3％蔗糖。生根培养基：（7）1／4MS＋NAA0．5＋0．1％活性炭＋15％蔗糖。所有培养基均附加0．6％琼脂粉,pH5．8-6．0,培养温度为（25±2）℃,光照强度为3040gm01．m-2．S-1,光照时间为14h．d-1。     

Determination of propafenone hydrochloride by flow‐injection analysis coupled with resonance light scattering detection

A simple, sensitive and rapid flow injection analysis (FIA) method with resonance light scattering (RLS) was described for the determination of propafenone (PPF). The method was based on the ion‐association reaction of 12‐tungstophosphoric acid (TP) with propafenone. In pH 1.0 acidic medium, TP reacted with PPF to form an ion‐associate complex, which resulted in a significant enhancement of RLS intensity. The maximum scattering peak was located at 340 nm, the RLS intensity was proportional to the concentration of PPF in the range 0.003–9.0 µg/mL, and the detection limit (3σ) of 1.0 ng/mL was obtained at a sampling rate of 60 samples/h. The feasible reaction conditions and FIA parameters for the system were optimized. The method proposed in this paper shows satisfactory reproducibility with a relative standard deviation (RSD) of 2.1% for 10 successive determinations of 2.0 µg/mL PPF. The present method had been successfully applied to the determination of PPF in serum samples and pharmaceutical samples. The results obtained were in agreement with the method used in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

人肠道菌对黄芩苷的生物转化

本研究利用体外培养人体肠道菌转化黄芩苷,探索转化方法及模型;用醇沉法提取了黄芩苷转化酶,即β-D-葡萄糖醛酸苷酶,并探讨了酶促影响因素;通过高效液相色谱检测产物黄芩素。经实验确定,黄芩苷转化培养液经超声波处理后,在转化液中有黄芩素检出。实验得知,转化酶为胞内酶,该酶的最适反应温度为55℃,最适pH为6.0,Ca2+、Mg2+和Cu2+对酶促反应具有促进作用,而Fe2+则具有抑制作用,Zn2+浓度在l mmol/L时起促进作用,在5 mmol/L时起抑制作用。