进境植物检疫性有害生物名录中二种象虫学名的订正

2007年5月28日公布的《中华人民共和国进境植物检疫性有害生物名录》中,隶属于鞘翅目象虫总科的2种象虫的学名需要更正。李虎象Rhynchites cupreus(L.)正确的学名应为Involvulus cupreus(L.);西瓜船象Baris granulipennis(Tournier)正确的学名应为Acythopeus granulipennis(Tournier),文章根据《国际动物命名法规》对上述种类的学名变更进行论述。同时,文章还讨论进境植物检疫过程中应该注意的问题。     

大叶铁线莲访花昆虫调查及盗蜜昆虫行为研究

大叶铁线莲Clematis heracleifolia DC. 的花朵大多下垂,需要传粉昆虫为其传粉,目前尚无关于其访花昆虫研究的报道。 通过2年的野外观察研究,共观察到27种昆虫访问大叶铁线莲。 发现有盗蜜行为的昆虫7种, 其中1种同时具有初级盗蜜和次级盗蜜行为,2种具有初级盗蜜行为,4种具有次级盗蜜行为;黄胸木蜂Xylocopa appendiculata Smith是主要的盗蜜昆虫,其盗蜜行为影响了其它昆虫的访花行为,对大叶铁线莲的传粉造成一定的影响。 在其余20种访花昆虫中,双带弄蝶Lobocla bifasciata (Bremer et Grey)、贡尺蛾Gonodontis aurata Prout、熊蜂Bombus sp.和姬蜂虻Systropus sp.是优势种; 而小青花金龟Oxycetonia jucunda Faldermann和日本条螽Ducetia japonica (Thunberg)访花频率最低,且访花目的只是取食花朵。 通过对大叶铁线莲访花昆虫的调查和盗蜜昆虫行为的研究,为大叶铁线莲的传粉生物学和保护提供参考依据。     

小麦低分子量麦谷蛋白亚基分离条件优化

目的：优化一种有效分离小麦LMW-GS的实验条件。方法：以面包小麦L88-6作为材料,采用SDS-PAGE技术,通过对麦谷蛋白提取液、分离胶浓度、分离时间、电泳缓冲液等条件进行实验比较。结果与结论：含0.3mol/LNaI和1.4%4-VP的麦谷蛋白提取液能有效提取LMW-GS成分,分离胶浓度为T=14%C=3%、分离时间为40h、Tris-硼酸或Tris-甘氨酸电极缓冲液的分离条件分离效果好、重复性好、简单易行,为小麦低分子量麦谷蛋白亚基深入研究的第一个限速步骤提供了良好的解决方案。     

New archisargids from China (Insecta: Diptera)

The extinct family Archisargidae, which was rich in the Mesozoic, has been found in China, Kazakhstan and Mongolia. By now, six genera and 14 species have been found in Inner Mongolia and Liaoning Province of China. In this paper, two new species of the genus Mesosolva Hong, 1983 and a new genus Brevisolva gen. nov., represented by a new species belonging to the Archisargidae, are described from the Middle Jurassic deposits of Daohugou, Inner Mongolia. A key to the species of Mesosolva is given.     

Turnover of labile and recalcitrant soil carbon differ in response to nitrate and ammonium deposition in an ombrotrophic peatland

The effects of 4 years of simulated nitrogen deposition, as nitrate (NO₃^?) and ammonium (NH₄⁺), on microbial carbon turnover were studied in an ombrotrophic peatland. We investigated the mineralization of simple forms of carbon using MicroResp^? measurements (a multiple substrate induced respiration technique) and the activities of four soil enzymes involved in the decomposition of more complex forms of carbon or in nutrient acquisition: N‐acetyl‐glucosaminidase (NAG), cellobiohydrolase (CBH), acid phosphatase (AP), and phenol oxidase (PO). The potential mineralization of labile forms of carbon was significantly enhanced at the higher N additions, especially with NH₄⁺ amendments, while potential enzyme activities involved in breakdown of more complex forms of carbon or nutrient acquisition decreased slightly (NAG and CBH) or remained unchanged (AP and PO) with N amendments. This study also showed the importance of distinguishing between NO₃^? and NH₄⁺ amendments, as their impact often differed. It is possible that the limited response on potential extracellular enzyme activity is due to other factors, such as limited exposure to the added N in the deeper soil or continued suboptimal functioning of the enzymes due to the low pH, possibly via the inhibitory effect of low phenol oxidase activity.     

中国大陆一新记录属——雅致孢属Elegantimyces(英文)

描述了暗色丝孢真菌一中国大陆新记录属——雅致孢属(Elegantimyces),其中拟葚孢雅致孢(Elegan-timyces sporidesmiopsis)在中国大陆首次报道。该种菌采集自海南霸王岭热带森林地表枯枝表层,根据采集材料对其进行了详细的形态描述和显微照相。研究标本保存于山东农业大学植物病理标本室(HSAUP)。     

肿瘤低密度脂蛋白受体相关蛋白(即LRP1B)在急性白血病中的表达

目的:研究肿瘤低密度脂蛋白受体相关蛋白(Lipoprotein receptor-related protein in tumor LRP1B)在急性白血病中的表达情况.方法:病例组采集36例临床初诊为急性白血病患者的骨髓,淋巴细胞分离液分离出单个核细胞,常规方法提取细胞总RNA后逆转录为cDNA,LRP1B特异性引物PCR扩增cDNA第一链,并将扩增产物纯化后测序.采集10例感染性骨髓标本作为正常对照组.结果:LRP1B基因在急性白血病中有表达,36例样本中16例有PCR扩增产物,产物经纯化测序后未发现有外显子的缺失及重复等改变.在10例正常对照中8例有扩增产物.病例组与对照组比较LRP1B基因表达率及相对表达水平明显降低(p值<0.05).结论:LRP1B作为一个候选的肿瘤抑制基因,在多种肿瘤中发挥重要作用,但是在白血病中的表达情况尚无报道.本实验证实了该基因在血液系统中有表达,但是在白血病中未发现该基因常见的外显子缺失及重复等情况发生.但证实在白血病中该基因表达水平较正常对照组明显减低,提示该基因与急性白血病的发病相关.为深入研究该基因在白血病中所发挥的作用奠定了基础.从而为肿瘤的基因诊断及治疗提供了部分实验室依据.     

柿子渣中多酚的提取工艺及其抗氧化性研究

采用单因素试验设计,研究了料液比、提取温度、乙醇浓度、提取时间4个因素对柿子渣中总多酚提取效果的影响,运用正交试验设计对提取工艺进行了优化,并采用DPPH法检测了柿子渣多酚提取液清除自由基的能力.结果表明:(1)提取温度和提取时间对总多酚含量影响显著,乙醇浓度和料液比对总多酚含量影响不显著;柿子渣总多酚提取的最佳工艺为:料液比20:1(mL·g-1),提取温度90℃,乙醇浓度40%,提取时间4 h.(2)验证试验结果表明,优化条件下总多酚的提取量可达到21.402 mg·g-1,高于正交试验中任何一组.(3)抗氧化活性试验表明,当柿子渣多酚提取液质量浓度为0.24 mg·mL-1时,对DPPH自由基的清除率可达95.4%,与对照Vc抗氧化能力无显著差异,表明在该优化工艺下提取的柿子渣多酚具有较强的抗氧化活性.     

人工林赤腹松鼠春夏季活动节律与行为特征观察

2009年3～8月,通过观察和运用无线电遥测对四川洪雅县人工林赤腹松鼠活动节律和行为特征进行了研究.结果 显示,赤腹松鼠为昼行型动物,其春夏活动节律呈晨昏双高峰型.春夏季雄性赤腹松鼠日活动时间分别为5.00 h/d±1.39 h/d(占日长的39.62%)和7.54 h/d±1.20 h/d(占日长的55.12%),雌性夏季日活动时间为6.48 h/d±0.98 h/d,占日长的46.82%.雄性赤腹松鼠春季活动强度为37.38%±8.75%,夏季雌雄性活动强度分别为46.30%±7.04%和53.85%±8.60%.雄性赤腹松鼠春夏季之间以及夏季雌雄之间的日活动时间和活动强度均存在显著差异.赤腹松鼠清晨出巢及傍晚回巢时间与日出日落显著正相关.春夏季赤腹松鼠的行为以取食为主,占日活动行为时间分配的比例分别为86.23%和79.54%.赤腹松鼠的活动节律和活动时间办受天气状况、日照时间等因素的影响.     

Centriole duplication: A lesson in self-control

In interphase and mitosis, centrosomes play a major role in the spatial organization of the microtubule network. Alterations in centrosome number and structure are associated with genomic instability and occur in many cancers. Centrosome duplication is controlled by centriole replication. In most dividing animal cells, centrioles duplicate only once per cell cycle at a site adjacent to existing centrioles. The conserved protein kinase Polo-like kinase 4 (Plk4) has a key role in controlling centriole biogenesis. Overexpression of Plk4 drives centrosome amplification and is associated with tumorigenesis in flies. By contrast, haploinsufficiency of Plk4 promotes cytokinesis failure, leading to an increased incidence of tumors in mice. Recent studies have shown that Plk4 is a low abundance protein whose stability is linked to the activity of the enzyme. We discuss how this autoregulatory feedback loop acts to limit the damaging effects caused by too much or too little Plk4.Key words: centrosome, centriole, polo-like kinase 4, Plk4, SAK, SCF, phosphodegron, β-TrCP, aneuploidyCentrosomes are the major microtubule organizing centers of animal cells and play a particularly important role during mitosis where they organize the two opposite poles of the bipolar microtubule spindle apparatus upon which chromosomes are segregated. Although centrosomes are not strictly essential for the formation of the mitotic/meiotic spindle, whenever they are present they play a dominant role in guiding spindle formation.^1,2 Extra copies of centrosomes frequently result in errors in spindle assembly that give rise to chromosome missegregation and the production of aneuploid daughter cells.^3,4 Almost one hundred years ago, Theodor Boveri proposed that centrosome amplification can contribute to tumorigenesis.⁵ Since then supernumerary centrosomes have been reported in a variety of different tumor cells in vitro and in vivo and are a consistent feature of aneuploid tumors.^6–13 However, despite the large body of circumstantial evidence linking extra centrosomes to the development of cancer, it remains unclear whether supernumerary centrosomes actively contribute to tumorigenesis or arise as a byproduct of cellular transformation.