紫杉醇对食蟹猴和人CYP1A2、CYP3A4及CYP2A6酶代谢的影响

目的探讨紫杉醇对食蟹猴和人肝微粒体CYP1A2、CYP2A6和CYP3A4酶活性的影响。方法采用食蟹猴和人肝脏微粒体,分别以非那西汀、睾丸酮和香豆素分别作为CYP1A2、CYP2A6、CYP3A4的底物,建立CYP1A2、CYP2A6和CYP3A4体外代谢体系。采用不同浓度的紫杉醇分别与上述3种底物共同孵育于肝微粒体代谢体系中。用HPLC法分别测定各底物的代谢产物扑热息痛、6β-羟基睾丸酮、7-羟基香豆素的产生量,计算IC50值,以评估紫杉醇对CYP1A2、CYP2A6和CYP3A4代谢的影响。结果紫杉醇对食蟹猴肝微粒体3种酶的IC50值分别为570±5.9μmol/L、140±2.9μmol/L和无影响;紫杉醇对人肝微粒体3种酶的IC50值分别为193±6.6μmol/L、253±3.6μmol/L和24±1.6μmol/L。结论紫杉醇对食蟹猴肝微粒体CYP1A2和CYP3A4活性具有一定的抑制作用,但对CYP2A6酶的活性几乎没有影响。紫杉醇对人肝微粒体CYP1A2和CYP3A4活性的抑制作用较弱,但对CYP2A6酶的活性抑制作用较强,提示临床上紫杉醇与作为上述酶底物的药物联合用药时应慎重,以避免因中西药物相互作用所导致的不良反应发生。     

不同潮气量机械通气对大鼠肺组织HMGB1表达的影响

目的观察不同潮气量机械通气大鼠肺组织高迁移率族蛋白1（HMGB1） mRNA及其蛋白的表达水平,探讨HMGB1在呼吸机相关性肺损伤（VILI）发病中的作用。方法24只雄性Wister大鼠随机分为对照组、小潮气量组和大潮气量组,分别采用原位分子杂交技术和免疫组织化学染色法检测肺组织HMGB1 mRNA及其蛋白的表达水平。结果与对照组和小潮气量组比较,大潮气量组大鼠肺组织HMGB1 mRNA及其蛋白表达水平明显升高（均P〈0.01）,小潮气量组与对照组各项指标比较差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。结论大潮气量机械通气可诱导肺组织HMGB1 mRNA及其蛋白高表达;HMGB1分泌增多导致肺组织炎症反应扩大,可能是呼吸机相关性肺损伤（VILI）发生的重要因素之一。     

小麦低分子量麦谷蛋白亚基分离条件优化

目的：优化一种有效分离小麦LMW-GS的实验条件。方法：以面包小麦L88-6作为材料,采用SDS-PAGE技术,通过对麦谷蛋白提取液、分离胶浓度、分离时间、电泳缓冲液等条件进行实验比较。结果与结论：含0.3mol/LNaI和1.4%4-VP的麦谷蛋白提取液能有效提取LMW-GS成分,分离胶浓度为T=14%C=3%、分离时间为40h、Tris-硼酸或Tris-甘氨酸电极缓冲液的分离条件分离效果好、重复性好、简单易行,为小麦低分子量麦谷蛋白亚基深入研究的第一个限速步骤提供了良好的解决方案。     

New archisargids from China (Insecta: Diptera)

The extinct family Archisargidae, which was rich in the Mesozoic, has been found in China, Kazakhstan and Mongolia. By now, six genera and 14 species have been found in Inner Mongolia and Liaoning Province of China. In this paper, two new species of the genus Mesosolva Hong, 1983 and a new genus Brevisolva gen. nov., represented by a new species belonging to the Archisargidae, are described from the Middle Jurassic deposits of Daohugou, Inner Mongolia. A key to the species of Mesosolva is given.     

Turnover of labile and recalcitrant soil carbon differ in response to nitrate and ammonium deposition in an ombrotrophic peatland

The effects of 4 years of simulated nitrogen deposition, as nitrate (NO₃^?) and ammonium (NH₄⁺), on microbial carbon turnover were studied in an ombrotrophic peatland. We investigated the mineralization of simple forms of carbon using MicroResp^? measurements (a multiple substrate induced respiration technique) and the activities of four soil enzymes involved in the decomposition of more complex forms of carbon or in nutrient acquisition: N‐acetyl‐glucosaminidase (NAG), cellobiohydrolase (CBH), acid phosphatase (AP), and phenol oxidase (PO). The potential mineralization of labile forms of carbon was significantly enhanced at the higher N additions, especially with NH₄⁺ amendments, while potential enzyme activities involved in breakdown of more complex forms of carbon or nutrient acquisition decreased slightly (NAG and CBH) or remained unchanged (AP and PO) with N amendments. This study also showed the importance of distinguishing between NO₃^? and NH₄⁺ amendments, as their impact often differed. It is possible that the limited response on potential extracellular enzyme activity is due to other factors, such as limited exposure to the added N in the deeper soil or continued suboptimal functioning of the enzymes due to the low pH, possibly via the inhibitory effect of low phenol oxidase activity.     

Polo-like kinase 4 kinase activity limits centrosome overduplication by autoregulating its own stability

Accurate control of the number of centrosomes, the major microtubule-organizing centers of animal cells, is critical for the maintenance of genome integrity. Abnormalities in centrosome number can promote errors in spindle formation that lead to subsequent chromosome missegregation, and extra centrosomes are found in many cancers. Centrosomes are comprised of a pair of centrioles surrounded by amorphous pericentriolar material, and centrosome duplication is controlled by centriole replication. Polo-like kinase 4 (Plk4) plays a key role in initiating centriole duplication, and overexpression of Plk4 promotes centriole overduplication and the formation of extra centrosomes. Using chemical genetics, we show that kinase-active Plk4 is inherently unstable and targeted for degradation. Plk4 is shown to multiply self-phosphorylate within a 24–amino acid phosphodegron. Phosphorylation of multiple sites is required for Plk4 instability, indicating a requirement for a threshold level of Plk4 kinase activity to promote its own destruction. We propose that kinase-mediated, autoregulated instability of Plk4 self-limits Plk4 activity so as to prevent centrosome amplification.     

中国大陆一新记录属——雅致孢属Elegantimyces(英文)

描述了暗色丝孢真菌一中国大陆新记录属——雅致孢属(Elegantimyces),其中拟葚孢雅致孢(Elegan-timyces sporidesmiopsis)在中国大陆首次报道。该种菌采集自海南霸王岭热带森林地表枯枝表层,根据采集材料对其进行了详细的形态描述和显微照相。研究标本保存于山东农业大学植物病理标本室(HSAUP)。     

膝关节功能练习对退变性骨关节炎的治疗意义

目的:探讨膝关节功能练习对老年骨关节炎的的治疗意义,分析其治疗效果.方法:随访分析251例膝关节骨关节炎的病人,所有病人均进行膝关节功能练习的指导,根据病人复查时是否进行了严格的功能练系情况进行分为系统训练的A组和不系统训练的B组,根据Kellegen-Lawrence关节炎的分期分为A0、A1、A2、A3和B0、B1、B2、B3组.各组内根据病人是否应用玻璃酸钠关节腔内注射再分为亚组,如A1.1,A1.2.一年治疗结束后根据HSS和VAS评分对比不同组别膝关节功能情况.结果:A组在不同时间段的随访评分均优于B组.应用关节腔内注射的A1.1组在各期的临床效果均优于A1.2组.应用关节腔内注射的B2.1组在一个月和三个月的临床效果优于B2.2组,但在6个月、12个月无明显差别.其他各亚组由于既能坚持严格功能练习,有能完成关节腔内玻璃酸钠注射病例均小于10例,没有进行统计学分析.但仅从直接数据来看,能配合系统的功能练习且进行足疗程玻璃酸钠注射的病例近期和远期的HSS和VAS评分效果更好.结论:系统的膝关节功能练习能明显提高膝关节功能,特别是对Kellegen-Lawrence分期1～2期患者疗效更好.如能同时进行足疗程的玻璃酸钠关节腔内注射,则效果更好.     

肿瘤低密度脂蛋白受体相关蛋白(即LRP1B)在急性白血病中的表达

目的:研究肿瘤低密度脂蛋白受体相关蛋白(Lipoprotein receptor-related protein in tumor LRP1B)在急性白血病中的表达情况.方法:病例组采集36例临床初诊为急性白血病患者的骨髓,淋巴细胞分离液分离出单个核细胞,常规方法提取细胞总RNA后逆转录为cDNA,LRP1B特异性引物PCR扩增cDNA第一链,并将扩增产物纯化后测序.采集10例感染性骨髓标本作为正常对照组.结果:LRP1B基因在急性白血病中有表达,36例样本中16例有PCR扩增产物,产物经纯化测序后未发现有外显子的缺失及重复等改变.在10例正常对照中8例有扩增产物.病例组与对照组比较LRP1B基因表达率及相对表达水平明显降低(p值<0.05).结论:LRP1B作为一个候选的肿瘤抑制基因,在多种肿瘤中发挥重要作用,但是在白血病中的表达情况尚无报道.本实验证实了该基因在血液系统中有表达,但是在白血病中未发现该基因常见的外显子缺失及重复等情况发生.但证实在白血病中该基因表达水平较正常对照组明显减低,提示该基因与急性白血病的发病相关.为深入研究该基因在白血病中所发挥的作用奠定了基础.从而为肿瘤的基因诊断及治疗提供了部分实验室依据.     

哈萨克族原发性高血压患者血浆CGRP水平及其相关性研究

目的:探讨血浆降钙素基因相关肽(CGRP)水平与新疆哈萨克族(哈族)原发性高血压病患者血压、血脂、血糖、肥胖等的相关性。方法:选取新疆哈族原发性高血压患者52例为观察组,哈族健康对照组48例,测量血压(BP)、身高、体重、腰围(WC)、臀围(HC),抽取空腹静脉血测定血糖(FPG)、总胆固醇(TC)、甘油三酯(TG)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C),计算体重指数(BMI)腰臀比(WHR)。结果:①原发性高血压组血浆CGRP水平明显低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(p<0.01);②原发性高血压组血浆CGRP水平与SBP、LDL-C和TG呈显著负相关(p<0.01);对照组血浆CGRP水平与SBP和LDL-C呈显著负相关(p<0.01)。结论:哈族原发性高血压患者血浆CGRP水平与血压、血脂存在相关性。