人丙型肝炎病毒（HCV）的研究进展

丙型肝炎病毒是在80 年代末才被确认的正链RNA 病毒,目前对丙型肝炎病毒的研究因为没有合适的活体实验模型和细胞系,而受到很大的限制。但由于HCV 的独特性和危害性,而成为众多科学家研究的热点。本文将根据近年来一些HCV 研究的进展,对病毒的结构形态、加工、病毒流行病学,肝癌相关性,病毒分子生物学检测手段以及疫苗研究等方面做一扼要综述     

独叶草叶宏观形态性状的变异式样的初步研究

根据独叶草分布区内 8个居群的叶的 8个宏观性状在散点图上的表现 ,探讨了独叶草的形态变异式样。结果表明 ,独叶草在叶宏观性状上表现出了一定的变异性 ,这种变异性表现在不同居群间及由不同居群组成的区域上 ,但在居群间或由不同居群组成的区域间在性状上有不同程度的重叠。     

多效唑对高粱生长发育及生理的影响

为了解喷施多效唑对高粱(Sorghum bicolor)生长发育和生理的影响,在高粱品种'农大红1号'拔节期喷施多效唑水溶液,对高粱的生长发育和生理指标进行了研究.结果表明,喷施不同浓度的多效唑后,高粱株高均比对照降低,基部节间长度缩短,茎粗增加,且穗粒重也提高.同时,高粱叶片的叶绿素含量和净光合速率提高,且抗氧化酶活...     

基因芯片技术检测拉美夫定相关的HBV变异

In order to study the feasibility of gene chips technology in the detection of HBV mutation associated with lamivudine, we detected the mutation of HBV in peripheral blood of 30 patients treated with lamivudine for at least half a year by gene chips. The result was compared with that from direct sequencing. Both results are highly coincident. The rate reaches 100% while detecting single strain of virus infection, and 85% in multi-strains virus infection. Gene chip technology is quite valuable and practical in future clinic.     

祁连山北坡高寒草地狼毒种群格局

在祁连山北坡高寒退化草地,采用空间序列代替时间序列与点格局相结合的分析方法,研究了小尺度上狼毒种群的组成特征和分布格局.结果表明:伴随狼毒分盖度的增加,狼毒植株数总体上呈现先增大后减小的分布规律;幼株分布格局由随机分布向聚集分布过渡,聚集强度表现出先增强后减弱的规律,成株分布格局基本表现为随机分布;狼毒分盖度较低时,不同大小级狼毒种群在0～100 cm尺度上均表现为随机分布,狼毒分盖度较高时,随着种群的发育,分布格局由聚集分布向随机分布过渡.种群的分布格局与种群的扩散阶段存在密切的关系,狼毒种群通过斑块合并、斑块吞并以及竞争作用和协同作用的相互转化实现种群的扩散.     

香水莲花提取物抑制酪氨酸酶活性的研究

本实验以L-酪氨酸为底物,从马铃薯中提取酪氨酸酶,以熊果苷为阳性对照,采用比色法测定了香水莲花醇提物、水提物及总黄酮提取物对酪氨酸酶的抑制率,以探讨香水莲花醇提物、水提物及总黄酮提取物对酪氨酸酶的活性的抑制作用。结果表明,三种提取物对酪氨酸酶活性的抑制效果从高到低依次为总黄酮提取物、醇提物、水提物,说明其有效成分为醇溶性物质;总黄酮提取物对酪氨酸酶活性的抑制效果明显高于醇提物和水提物对酪氨酸酶活性的抑制效果,可以考虑将其作为一种新型的植物源美白剂,应用于化妆品行业。     

In-solution hybrid capture of bisulfite-converted DNA for targeted bisulfite sequencing of 174 ADME genes

DNA methylation is one of the most important epigenetic alterations involved in the control of gene expression. Bisulfite sequencing of genomic DNA is currently the only method to study DNA methylation patterns at single-nucleotide resolution. Hence, next-generation sequencing of bisulfite-converted DNA is the method of choice to investigate DNA methylation profiles at the genome-wide scale. Nevertheless, whole genome sequencing for analysis of human methylomes is expensive, and a method for targeted gene analysis would provide a good alternative in many cases where the primary interest is restricted to a set of genes.Here, we report the successful use of a custom Agilent SureSelect Target Enrichment system for the hybrid capture of bisulfite-converted DNA. We prepared bisulfite-converted next-generation sequencing libraries, which are enriched for the coding and regulatory regions of 174 ADME genes (i.e. genes involved in the metabolism and distribution of drugs). Sequencing of these libraries on Illumina’s HiSeq2000 revealed that the method allows a reliable quantification of methylation levels of CpG sites in the selected genes, and validation of the method using pyrosequencing and the Illumina 450K methylation BeadChips revealed good concordance.     

Multi-species SIR models from a dynamical Bayesian perspective

Multi-species compartment epidemic models, such as the multi-species susceptible–infectious–recovered (SIR) model, are extensions of the classic SIR models, which are used to explore the transient dynamics of pathogens that infect multiple hosts in a large population. In this article, we propose a dynamical Bayesian hierarchical SIR (HSIR) model, to capture the stochastic or random nature of an epidemic process in a multi-species SIR (with recovered becoming susceptible again) dynamical setting, under hidden mass balance constraints. We call this a Bayesian hierarchical multi-species SIR (MSIR_B) model. Different from a classic multi-species SIR model (which we call MSIR_C), our approach imposes mass balance on the underlying true counts rather than, improperly, on the noisy observations. Moreover, the MSIR_B model can capture the discrete nature of, as well as uncertainties in, the epidemic process.     

人工控制有限供水对冬小麦根系生长及土壤水分利用的影响

试验在中国气象局固城农业气象试验基地的大型人工控制农田水分试验场进行。在底墒充足的条件下采用3种供水处理：拔节期一次性供水75mm(I1);返青供水37．5mm和拔节期供水37．5mm(I2);返青后生长期内无水分供给(Ick)。全生育期内用电动防雨棚遮去自然降水。试验结果表明,表层土壤(0～30cm)水多根多,根系反应敏感。上层干旱促使根系向深层发育,利用下层水量较多。I1处理减少表土层(0～30cm)的根量和根长密度,促进根系下扎,较多地利用深层土壤水分,并减少无效分蘖。虽然总穗数减少,但同I2、Ick相比籽粒数和籽粒重有较大幅度增加,提高了产量和水分利用率。根系吸水效率随土层深度增加呈下降趋势,I1在30cm以下其根系吸水效率超过了I2处理,并在100～200cm土层表现最为明显。Ick除0～30cm土层外,其余土层有效底墒供水率均较低;I1和I2两处理30～100cm有效底墒供水率均在84％以上,1～2m土层内I。大于I2。Ick由于土壤水分不足并未造成千粒重的明显下降,相反,3个处理中最高;土壤水分不足导致穗数、穗粒重、籽粒重和籽粒数的显著降低,从而造成了最终产量的降低。产量水平上的水分利用效率I1比其余处理提高了将近14％,其次为Ick,最低的是I2。在灌溉效率上,I1比I2提高了将近19％;在相同灌溉量的前提下,蒸腾效率I1比I2提高约7％。I1水分利用效率高于I2和Ick处理。可以认为：配合充足底墒,前期控水,有限的一定量的水分拔节期(关键期)一次供给比在返青和拔节分别供给,更为有效科学。     

维生素C对视网膜色素上皮蓝光损伤保护作用的研究(简报)

维生素C为6碳多羟化合物,在化学反应中易失去电子,依次生成半脱氧抗坏血酸和脱氧抗坏血酸。因此,维生素C可作为自由基清除剂,能迅速与超氧阴离子、氢化氧基、过氧化氢、羟自由基反应,生成抗坏血酸自由基。蓝光作为一种短波长,靠近紫外线频段的光,具有能量高的特点,是自然界中导致视网膜色素上皮细胞损伤甚至凋亡的主要光线。本实验通过观察蓝光照射视网膜色素上皮,对其DNA的损伤产生光损伤作用,并比较加入维生素C后对这种光损伤的保护作用,以期探讨维生素C在