Melatonin against acute ischaemic stroke dependently via suppressing both inflammatory and oxidative stress downstream signallings

This study tested the hypothesis that melatonin (Mel) therapy preserved the brain architectural and functional integrity against ischaemic stroke (IS) dependently through suppressing the inflammatory/oxidative stress downstream signalling pathways. Adult male B6 (n = 6 per each B6 group) and TLR4 knockout (ie TLR4^?/?) (n = 6 per each TLR4^?/? group) mice were categorized into sham control (SC^B6), SC^TLR4?/?, IS^B6, IS^TLR4?/?, IS^B6 + Mel (i.p. daily administration) and IS^TLR4?/? + Mel (i.p. daily administration). By day 28 after IS, the protein expressions of inflammatory (HMBG1/TLR2/TLR4/MAL/MyD88/RAM TRIF/TRAF6/IKK‐α/p‐NF‐κB/nuclear‐NF‐κB/nuclear‐IRF‐3&7/IL‐1β/IL‐6/TNF‐α/IFN‐γ) and oxidative stress (NOX‐1/NOX‐2/ASK1/p‐MKK4&7/p‐JNK/p‐c‐JUN) downstream pathways as well as mitochondrial‐damaged markers (cytosolic cytochrome C/cyclophilin D/SRP1/autophagy) were highest in group IS^B6, lowest in groups SC^B6 and SC^TLR4?/?, lower in group IS^TLR4?/? + Mel than in groups IS^TLR4?/? and IS^B6 + Mel and lower in group IS^B6 + Mel than in group IS^TLR4?/? (all P < .0001). The brain infarct volume, brain infarct area and the number of inflammatory cells in brain (CD14/F4‐88) and in circulation (MPO+//Ly6C+/CD11b+//Ly6G+/CD11b+) exhibited an identical pattern, whereas the neurological function displayed an opposite pattern of inflammatory protein expression among the six groups (all P < .0001). In conclusion, TLR inflammatory and oxidative stress signallings played crucial roles for brain damage and impaired neurological function after IS that were significantly reversed by Mel therapy.     

辛伐他汀对烟雾吸入性肺损伤大鼠炎性因子及氧化应激反应的影响

目的:研究辛伐他汀对烟雾吸入性肺损伤大鼠炎性因子及氧化应激反应的影响。方法:选取60只清洁级SD大鼠,将其按照随机抽签法分成正常组、盐水组以及辛伐他汀组,每组各20只。盐水组与辛伐他汀组大鼠均制备发烟罐烟雾吸入性肺损伤模型,建模成功后30 min,辛伐他汀组大鼠予以50 mg/kg剂量的辛伐他汀灌胃,盐水组则予以等量的生理盐水灌胃,正常大鼠予以正常饲养处理。采用酶联免疫法检测血清、肺泡灌洗液中炎症因子[包括白细胞介素-6(IL-6)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)]及氧化应激反应指标[包括超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、丙二醛(MDA)]水平。结果:盐水组、辛伐他汀组大鼠血清、肺泡灌洗液中IL-6、TNF-α水平均高于正常组,且辛伐他汀组大鼠上述各项指标低于盐水组(均P<0.05)。盐水组、辛伐他汀组大鼠血清、肺泡灌洗液中SOD水平低于正常组,辛伐他汀组明显高于盐水组(均P<0.05),盐水组、辛伐他汀组大鼠血清、肺泡灌洗液中MDA水平高于正常组,辛伐他汀组明显低于盐水组(均P<0.05)。结论:辛伐他汀对烟雾吸入性肺损伤大鼠的炎性因子具有明显的改善作用,且有利于减轻大鼠的氧化应激反应程度。     

Long-Term Existence of SARS-CoV-2 in COVID-19 Patients: Host Immunity,Viral Virulence,and Transmissibility

Virologica Sinica - COVID-19 patients can recover with a median SARS-CoV-2 clearance of 20&nbsp;days post initial symptoms (PIS). However, we observed some COVID-19 patients with existing...     

Shortened snRNA promoters for efficient CRISPR/Cas-based multiplex genome editing in monocot plants

正Dear Editor,CRISPR (clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats)/Cas genome editing is a powerful tool for introducing specific mutations in organisms including plants. The system is composed of a nuclease such as Cas9 or Cas12a and an engineered single-guide RNA (sgRNA) incorporating a target sequence (Li et al., 2019). A Cas9/sgRNA complex re-     

SIRT3激动剂对乙肝病毒转录和复制的影响

该文探讨了SIRT3激动剂(Honokiol,HKL)对乙肝病毒(Hepatitis B virus,HBV)转录和复制的影响。培养HepG2-NTCP和人原代肝细胞(primary human hepatocytes,PHH),感染HBV颗粒后,用Honokiol(5μmol/L、10μmol/L、20μmol/L)处理细胞后继续培养10天,通过荧光定量PCR检测细胞内HBV DNA、cccDNA和HBV RNAs水平,Southern blot实验进一步检测胞内HBV DNA水平。构建SIRT3-KO细胞,检测敲除SIRT3后,Honokiol对细胞内HBV DNA、cccDNA和HBV RNAs的影响。通过小鼠尾静脉高压注射pCMV-KRAB-Cre质粒和precccDNA质粒构建持续感染小鼠模型,一周后腹腔注射Honokiol持续20天。荧光定量PCR检测小鼠血清中HBV DNA拷贝数,肝组织内HBV DNA、cccDNA和HBV RNAs水平。结果表明,Honokiol浓度依赖性地抑制HepG2-NTCP和PHH细胞内HBV DNA以及HBV RNAs水平,此外,Honokiol可以降低cccDNA的转录活性;敲除SIRT3后,Honokiol不能发挥抗病毒作用;小鼠模型中,Honokiol能够降低血清中HBV DNA和肝组织内HBV DNA拷贝数,以及能够显著抑制肝组织内HBV RNAs水平和cccDNA的转录活性。该研究结果表明,Honokiol能够抑制乙肝病毒转录和复制。     

Aging shifts mitochondrial dynamics toward fission to promote germline stem cell loss

Changes in mitochondrial dynamics (fusion and fission) are known to occur during stem cell differentiation; however, the role of this phenomenon in tissue aging remains unclear. Here, we report that mitochondrial dynamics are shifted toward fission during aging of Drosophila ovarian germline stem cells (GSCs), and this shift contributes to aging‐related GSC loss. We found that as GSCs age, mitochondrial fragmentation and expression of the mitochondrial fission regulator, Dynamin‐related protein (Drp1), are both increased, while mitochondrial membrane potential is reduced. Moreover, preventing mitochondrial fusion in GSCs results in highly fragmented depolarized mitochondria, decreased BMP stemness signaling, impaired fatty acid metabolism, and GSC loss. Conversely, forcing mitochondrial elongation promotes GSC attachment to the niche. Importantly, maintenance of aging GSCs can be enhanced by suppressing Drp1 expression to prevent mitochondrial fission or treating with rapamycin, which is known to promote autophagy via TOR inhibition. Overall, our results show that mitochondrial dynamics are altered during physiological aging, affecting stem cell homeostasis via coordinated changes in stemness signaling, niche contact, and cellular metabolism. Such effects may also be highly relevant to other stem cell types and aging‐induced tissue degeneration.     

果胶甲酯酶的结构与功能研究进展

果胶甲酯酶(PME)是一种重要的果胶酶,其水解果胶中的甲酯基从而释放甲醇并降低果胶的甲酯化程度。目前在食品加工、茶饮料、造纸等生产工艺中有着广泛的应用前景。随着对PME的深入研究,已报道了几种不同来源的酶晶体结构,对这些已获得的晶体结构进行分析发现,PME属于右手平行β-螺旋结构,其催化残基为2个保守的天冬氨酸和1个谷氨酰胺残基,并且在催化过程中分别起到了一般酸碱、亲核试剂以及稳定中间体的作用。同时对其底物特异性进行分析,初步了解其底物与活性位点的识别机制。文中针对这几个相关方面进行了系统的综述。     

GA3处理对低温胁迫条件下玉米种子呼吸代谢的影响

以低温敏感型的"丰禾1号"和耐低温型的"郑单958"两个玉米品种为实验材料,采用GA3浸种的处理方式("丰禾1号"为20 mg·L-1、"郑单958"为5 mg·L-1),探究了GA3对低温胁迫条件下玉米种子萌发过程中种胚中可溶性糖和可溶性蛋白含量及淀粉酶活性和呼吸途径关键酶活性的影响。结果表明:低温胁迫条件下,GA3浸种处理显著提升了玉米种胚中可溶性糖含量及可溶性蛋白的积累,增强了低温胁迫下细胞的渗透势;α-淀粉酶、β-淀粉酶和总淀粉酶活性显著提高;提高了苹果酸脱氢酶(MDH)、丙酮酸激酶(PK)、联合酶(G-6-PDH和6-PGDH)的活性,提高了糖酵解(EMP)、三羧酸循环(TCA)、磷酸戊糖途径(PPP)途径的运转效率,保证了细胞的物质代谢和能量供应;GA3浸种处理可以显著提高种子对低温的抵抗能力,从而在低温胁迫条件下促进其萌发。     

植酶Q9对大田遮阴夏玉米产量和衰老特性的调控作用

黄淮海夏季太阳辐射量降低以及种植密度增加引起了夏玉米冠层光照不足,产量大幅降低。本试验选用夏玉米品种‘登海605'(DH605)为试验材料,设置3个遮阴处理:花粒期遮阴(S₁)、穗期遮阴(S₂)和全生育期遮阴(S₃),以大田自然光照为对照(CK),并选用化控试剂植酶Q9(原液稀释100倍)对遮阴处理和CK进行外源调控,即花粒期遮阴-植酶Q9(S₁Q)、穗期遮阴-植酶Q9(S₂Q)、全生育期遮阴-植酶Q9(S₃Q)及大田自然光照-植酶Q9(CKQ),化控处理以同时期喷施清水为对照,探讨植酶Q9对大田遮阴夏玉米衰老特性的调控作用。结果表明: 遮阴显著降低了夏玉米的叶面积指数(LAI)、功能叶片叶绿素相对含量值(SPAD值)和净光合速率,进而显著降低了夏玉米产量。同时,遮阴夏玉米穗位叶的超氧物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性显著降低,丙二醛(MDA)、游离脯氨酸含量显著增加,可溶性蛋白含量显著降低。喷施植酶Q9后,S₃Q和S₂Q的LAI、功能叶片SPAD值和净光合速率显著提高;S₃Q、S₂Q、S₁Q的MDA和游离脯氨酸含量显著降低,可溶性蛋白含量和POD活性显著提高,S₂Q、S₃Q各时期的SOD和CAT活性显著提高;S₃Q、S₂Q、S₁Q的产量分别较S₃、S₂、S₁平均提高19%、8%、7%,CKQ与CK间无显著差异。因此,喷施植酶Q9通过提高弱光胁迫下夏玉米的光合能力,延缓叶片的衰老,增加产量,可有效缓解弱光胁迫导致的减产危害。