张家界武陵源风景区自然景观价值评估

自然景观提供给人们观赏、娱乐和休闲的效用和价值,长期以来,人们对自然景观的价值忽略并低估,导致在开发利用自然资源过程中出现资源浪费和生态破坏的问题.如果赋予自然景观合适的经济价值,能为其开发利用提供决策支持.为评价张家界武陵源风景区的景观价值,构建了相应的指标体系.自然景观价值乃使用价值与非使用价值之和,并对这两种价值分别运用旅行费用法和条件价值法进行评估.结果表明:2011年武陵源风景区的自然景观价值为89.01亿元,其中使用价值为79.30亿元,非使用价值为9.71亿元.分析表明,武陵源风景区的自然景观价值要远高于以往的研究及近年的旅游收入,建议景区当局全面认识其景观价值,在旅游人次不断攀升的形势下,全力保护该地生态环境,探究武陵源风景区的可持续发展道路.     

Variability and divergence in Pongamia pinnata (L.) Pierre germplasm – a candidate tree for biodiesel

Three explorations were undertaken in South East Coastal zone of India covering parts of Andhra Pradesh (AP) and Orissa states to collect Pongamia pinnata (L.) Pierre germplasm during March–June 2007. A total of 123 accessions were collected and seed data recorded were analyzed for morphometric traits viz., seed length, seed width, seed thickness, 100‐seed weight and oil content. Variation in the collected germplasm was analyzed using anova , simple measures of variation and D² statistics. Significant genetic variability between seed traits and oil content and association among the seed traits was recorded. Phenotypic variance was higher than genotypic variance for all the characters indicating dominant role of environment. High heritability (broad sense) for 100‐seed weight (97.6%) and oil content (86.7%) indicated the reliability of these characters as selection criteria for plus trees. Genetic gain was maximum for 100‐seed weight (62.6%) followed by oil content (30.5%). D² analysis grouped the accessions into 12 clusters. Cluster XII and cluster IX were the most diverse based on the intercluster distance. Based on the observed diversity, Chittoor, Srikakulam and Adilabad districts of AP are most suitable for collecting diverse germplasm lines and also for in situ conservation.     

水稻对叶瘟和穗瘟部分抗性的遗传分析

在一个水稻籼籼交重组自交系群体中,选用由感病株系构成的2个亚群体和2个不同的稻瘟病菌小种,进行了水稻对叶瘟部分抗性的QTL定位,还选用由感病而且抽穗期相近的株系构成的亚群体和另一个病菌小种,进行了水稻对穗瘟部分抗性的QTL定位,将病叶面积百分比(DLA)、病斑大小(LS)和病斑数(LN)作为对叶瘟部分抗性的性状,将病斑长度(LL)和孢子量(CA)作为对穗瘟部分抗性的性状。所构建的图谱包含168个标记。应用QTLMapper 1．01b,共检测到11个表现主效应的QTL和28对双因子互作,有3个表现主效应的QTL参与对同一性状的互作。QTL的主效应对单一性状的贡献率为4．7％～38．8％,而上位性效应对单一性状的贡献率为16．0％～51．7％,QTL的主效应对大多数性状的贡献率小于互作效应,表明互作效应对于部分抗性的重要作用。对穗瘟部分抗性的两个性状LL和CA,所检测到QTL总效应的贡献率分别达到70．6％和82．6％,表明由排除了主效抗病基因的感病株系组成的亚群体适合于进行部分抗性QTL定位。     

基于SAFLP的我国常见索线虫科昆虫病原线虫亲缘关系分析

本研究建立并优化了索线虫科(Mermithidae)SAFLP体系,构建了我国常见索线虫科昆虫病原线虫6属11种/亚种的指纹图谱。采用EcoRⅠ和MseⅠ两种限制性内切酶单酶切,结果显示EcoRⅠ酶更适合作为索线虫科线虫SAFLP的内切酶。3个带有3个选择性碱基的EcoRⅠ引物进行扩增共得条带225个,片段大小为250～1 650 bp。通过NTsys-PC2.1软件计算了索线虫科6属11种/亚种的Nei-Li遗传距离(0.1980～034554)和相似系数,利用NTsys-PC2.1软件中的UPGMA方法构建其聚类图。索线虫科这6属11种/亚种从属级阶元可以分为两大类群：罗索属Romanomermis和八腱索属Octomyomermis聚为一支构成第一大类群;六索属Hexamermis与卵索属Ovomermis先聚在一起然后与多索属Agamermis聚在一起,再与两索属Amphimermis聚在一起构成第二大类群。在八腱索属和两索属中属内不同种/亚种间线虫采集地相距较近的其遗传距离较近。优化的索线虫科线虫SAFLP体系能够反映索线虫科线虫种属间的亲缘关系,并与形态学的研究结果基本相符,可以用于属种的分类和亲缘关系的研究。     

广东省爬行类新纪录——海南棱蜥

2010年6月2日,在广东省韶关市始兴县车八岭国家级自然保护区采集到蜥蜴幼体标本1号,经鉴定为海南棱蜥(Tropidophorus hainanus),为广东省爬行动物新纪录,标本保存在华南濒危动物研究所。     

实验猴饲料盘的改进和应用

目的探讨对当前实验猴养殖场广泛使用的饲料盘进行改进,减少饲料浪费。方法在对实验猴采食习性进行观察的基础上,提出饲料盘改进办法,并对改进前后饲料浪费情况进行分析。结果新型饲料盘饲料浪费量明显少于旧饲料盘,增大新型饲料盘面积,饲料浪费量也明显减少。结论改进型饲料盘具有制作简单,容易清洁,大大减少饲料浪费等特点,值得在实验猴养殖场推广应用。     

Approaches to breeding for salinity tolerance - a case study on Porteresia coarctata

Cereals are the world's major source of food for human nutrition. Among these, rice (Oryza sativa) is the most prominent and represents the staple diet for more than two-fifths (2.4 billion) of the world's population, making it the most important food crop of the developing world (Anon., 2000a). Rice production in vast stretches of coastal areas is hampered due to high soil salinity. This is because rice is a glycophyte and it does not grow well under saline conditions. In order to increase rice production in these areas there is a need to develop rice varieties suited to saline environments. Research has shown that Porteresia coarctata, a highly salt tolerant wild relative of rice growing in estuarine soils, is an important material for transferring salt tolerant characteristics to rice. It is quite possible that Porteresia may be used as a parent for evolving better and truly salt resistant varieties. The inadequate results and the difficulties associated with conventional breeding techniques necessitate the use of the tools of crop biotechnology in unravelling some of the characteristics of Porteresia that have been highlighted in this report. In view of the limited resources available for increasing salinity tolerance to the breeders to wild rice germplasm, Porteresia is undoubtedly one of the key source species for elevating salinity tolerance in cultivated rice.     

红肉小果型番木瓜品种'美中红'体胚的诱导

用红肉小果型番木瓜品种‘美中红’为外植体,探讨不同成熟度的幼胚、不同浓度2,4-D和培养条件对其体胚的诱导以及体胚形成过程的结果表明:以子叶和内外种皮都为白色且个体较大的番木瓜幼胚(90~120d)在含10mg·L-12,4-D的培养基中和黑暗条件下诱导愈伤组织的效果最佳,愈伤组织的诱导率随着2,4-D浓度的增加而增加。番木瓜愈伤组织最先发生于形态学上的胚根下端,体胚多发生于形态学上的胚芽上端。     

产甘油假丝酵母与酿酒酵母胞浆3-磷酸甘油脱氢酶基因的功能比较

胞浆3-磷酸甘油脱氢酶(GPD)是酿酒酵母细胞甘油合成过程中的关键限速酶．尽管高产甘油菌株产甘油假丝酵母基因组中编码该酶的基因CgGPD已经被克隆出来,但是具体的功能,特别是与酿酒酵母GPD1和GPD2基因的功能比较值得进一步研究．以酿酒酵母渗透压敏感型的gpd1/gpd2和gpd1突变株为宿主,分别导入CgGPD、GPD1和GPD2基因,比较分析了CgGPD、GPD1和GPD2基因在高渗透压胁迫条件下和厌氧环境中的表达调控,及其对细胞甘油合成能力的影响．研究发现,GPD1基因受到渗透压诱导表达,GPD2基因在细胞厌氧条件下起着氧化还原平衡调节作用,而CgGPD基因不仅能够在渗透压胁迫条件下通过过量快速合成甘油调节渗透压平衡,而且能够在厌氧培养环境中互补GPD2基因的缺失,使gpd1/gpd2缺失突变株能够正常生长,同时提高了突变株的甘油合成能力．结果表明,CgGPD基因在gpd1/gpd2缺失突变株中既具有GPD1基因的功能,又能发挥GPD2基因的功能．