Zika virus elicits inflammation to evade antiviral response by cleaving cGAS via NS1‐caspase‐1 axis

Viral infection triggers host innate immune responses, which primarily include the activation of type I interferon (IFN) signaling and inflammasomes. Here, we report that Zika virus (ZIKV) infection triggers NLRP3 inflammasome activation, which is further enhanced by viral non‐structural protein NS1 to benefit its replication. NS1 recruits the host deubiquitinase USP8 to cleave K11‐linked poly‐ubiquitin chains from caspase‐1 at Lys134, thus inhibiting the proteasomal degradation of caspase‐1. The enhanced stabilization of caspase‐1 by NS1 promotes the cleavage of cGAS, which recognizes mitochondrial DNA release and initiates type I IFN signaling during ZIKV infection. NLRP3 deficiency increases type I IFN production and strengthens host resistance to ZIKVin vitro and in vivo. Taken together, our work unravels a novel antagonistic mechanism employed by ZIKV to suppress host immune response by manipulating the interplay between inflammasome and type I IFN signaling, which might guide the rational design of therapeutics in the future.     

试论土壤物理在土壤肥力研究中的重要性

土壤学作为自然科学的一个分支，它是生产进步到一定历史阶段的必然产物．随着近代数学和物理学向土壤学的渗透，充实了土壤学的研究内容，并形成了一门新型的土壤学分支——土壤物理学．土壤之所以成为绿色植物生长的基地，是因为它具有肥力．人们对于土壤的认识和研究是与土壤的研究紧密相联的