西藏南部放射虫微体古生物研究进展

西藏南部的雅鲁藏布蛇绿岩带以及该带之南的沉积地层带（特提期沉积区,北喜马拉雅亚区）中广泛发育着大量含放射虫地层,放射虫研究在确定该区蛇绿岩的形成时代,解释造山带复杂的地层层序以及揭示印度板块与欧亚板块在古近纪碰撞老祖宗前的古海洋盆地的演化历史等方面发挥了重要作用。根据已发表的文献以及我们正在进行中的初步成果显示,藏南地区的含放射虫地层的时代分布之中三叠世（安尼期）至晚白垩（土仑期）。这些地层的岩性包括硅质岩,硅质泥岩,凝灰质细碎屑岩和泥晶灰岩等,尽管藏南的放射虫研究已取得一些成果,但系统的放射虫研究与地层研究仍然有待于进一步深入开展。     

大鼠基底动脉和尾动脉平滑肌G蛋白的异质性

用离体血管收缩功能实验法分析了大鼠基底动脉（ＢＡ）和尾动脉（ＣＡ）平滑肌细胞Ｇ蛋白的异质性。结果显示,当ＢＡ和ＣＡ平滑肌被精氨酸血管加压素（ＡＶＰ）激动后,该两种血管对Ｇ蛋白非选择性激活剂ＧＴＰγＳ的收缩反应发生了相反的变化：ＢＡ对ＧＴＰγＳ的收缩增强,并且这种收缩增强不受百日咳毒素（ＰＴ,Ｇｉ和Ｇｏ抑制剂）的影响。而霍乱毒素（ＣＴ,Ｇｓ激活剂）则完全抑制这种收缩,呈单相反应。与ＢＡ相反,ＣＡ对ＧＴＰγＳ的收缩减弱,后者可被ＰＴ预温育反转为收缩增强,而且ＣＴ对这种收缩的抑制作用短暂,呈双相反应。结果提示,ＢＡ和ＣＡ平滑肌细胞介导激动剂收缩反应的Ｇ蚕白存在异质性。     

高等植物防卫反应的信号传导

高等植物对病原微生物的防卫反应包括植物细胞对病原菌的识别,胞内信号的转换与传导,防卫反应的开启与ＳＡＲ抗性的形成等。本文对高等植物防卫反应信号传导的研究进展进行了综述。     

基于Ecopath模型的莱州湾中国对虾增殖生态容量

通过增殖放流,增加优质渔业资源、改善种群结构是渔业资源养护的重要手段,而增殖生态容量的研究是科学实施增殖放流的前提.本文根据2009-2010年的渔业资源与生态环境数据,构建了由26个功能群组成的莱州湾生态系统Ecopath模型,利用该模型分析了生态系统的总体特征、营养相互关系与关键种,计算了放流品种中国对虾的增殖生态容量.结果表明：系统的总初级生产量/总呼吸(TPP/TR)为1.53,总初级生产量/总生物量(TPP/B)为24.54,同时具有较低的循环指数(FCI=0.07)、较高的剩余生产量（434.41 t·km^-2·a^-1）和较低的系统连接指数(CI=0.29),该系统目前处于发育的早期阶段.中国对虾目前不是莱州湾生态系统的关键种,当前中国对虾的生物量为0.1143 t·km^-2,有较大的增殖潜力;当生物量增长25.8倍时,仍不会超过增殖生态容量2.9489 t·km^-2.     

黄河口邻近海域生态系统能量流动与三疣梭子蟹增殖容量估算

增殖放流是渔业资源养护的重要手段, 生态系统与放流种类能流格局的变化研究,是进行增殖容量评估的研究基础.根据2012和2013年黄河口邻近海域的资源调查数据,构建了黄河口邻近海域6、8、10月的Ecopath模型,比较分析了3个月份该海域生态系统能量流动的变化,初步评估了三疣梭子蟹的增殖容量.结果表明： 黄河口邻近海域生态系统的能量流动主要在营养级I～III之间进行,营养级IV以及以上的能量流动较小.6月第I营养级整合系统流动的比例最高,8月最低.第II营养级整合系统流动的比例8月最高,6月最低.三疣梭子蟹相对能量流动和绝对能量流动均是第III营养级最高,三疣梭子蟹的营养级3月平均为3.28.黄河口邻近海域生态系统有较高的剩余生产量,6月最高、8月最低,系统的总初级生产量/总呼吸(TPP/TR) 3个月份分别为5.49、2.47、3.01,总初级生产量/总生物量(TPP/B)分别为47.61、33.30、29.78,同时具有较低的循环指数(FCI：0.03～0.06),黄河口邻近海域生态系统处于脆弱的不稳定期.系统的能量转换效率为7.3%～11.5%;渔获物的平均营养级8月和10月有所下降,3个月份分别为3.23、2.97和2.82;总捕捞效率8月最高,6月最低.在黄河口邻近海域8月Ecopath模型基础上,初步评估三疣梭子蟹的增殖容量为1.5115 t·km^-2.     

SDS‐PAGE‐free protocol for comprehensive identification of cytochrome P450 enzymes and uridine diphosphoglucuronosyl transferases in human liver microsomes

Comprehensive identification of cytochrome P450 enzymes (CYPs) and uridine diphosphoglucuronosyl transferases (UGTs) in human liver microsomes (HLMs) was performed with an SDS‐PAGE‐free protocol. HLMs were solubilized with 5% v/v ionic liquid, 1‐butyl‐3‐methyl imidazolium tetrafluoroborate, followed by tryptic digestion, and 2D‐SCX‐RPLC‐ESI‐MS/MS (LTQ XL) analysis in triplicate. In total, 27 CYPs and 12 UGTs were confidently identified with average sequence coverage as 30.99 and 25.07%, average peptide number as 14 and 13, and average unique peptide number as 7 and 4, respectively. The highly similar isoforms of CYP3A, CYP2C, and CYP4F subfamilies could be unambiguously differentiated from each other, despite the fact that the sequence similarity of CYP2C9 and CYP2C19 is 91%. In addition, protein spectral count was used to approximately evaluate the relative abundance of identified CYPs and UGTs, and the results agreed with previous immunochemistry reports.     

Prevalence of Sarcopenia and Its Relationship with Sites of Fragility Fractures in Elderly Chinese Men and Women

Objective

Sarcopenia might be associated with bone fragility in elderly individuals. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of sarcopenia and its association with fragility fracture sites in elderly Chinese patients.

Methods

Patients (322 men and 435 women) aged 65–94 years and with a history of fragility fractures in the ankle, wrist, vertebrae or hip, and healthy men (n = 1263) and women (n = 1057) aged 65–92 years without a history of fractures were enrolled. Whole-body dual energy X-ray absorptiometry was used to analyze skeletal muscle mass index (SMI), fat mass and bone mineral density. Sarcopenia was defined as SMI less than two standard deviations below the mean of a young reference group.

Results

Sarcopenia occurrence varied with fracture location. Sarcopenia was more common in females with vertebral and hip fractures and in men with hip and ankle fractures than in the non-fracture group). Sarcopenia was significantly more prevalent in men with wrist, hip and ankle fractures than in women. SMI was correlated with BMD in different fracture groups. Logistic regression analyses revealed that lower SMI was associated with an increased risk of hip fracture both in men and women and ankle fracture in men.

Discussion

Sarcopenia may be an independent risk factor for hip and ankle fractures in men, and for hip fractures in women.     

Investigation on recombinant hirudin via oral route

The possibility for oral administration of peptide recombinant hirudin variant (rHV2-K47) as an anticoagulant agent was evaluated in several aspects. The proteolytic properties of rHV2-K47 and its stability during storage were examined by in vitro experiments. Radiolabeled rHV2-K47 was infused into the duodenum of rats and rHV2-K47 absorbed into serum was shown to be intact by electrophoresis pattern. The in vivo coagulation time of blood from mouse was prolonged significantly after oral administration of rHV2-K47. The bioavailability (F) of rHV2-K47 via oral route reached 10.11% in comparison with intravenous administration as gold standard. All the results suggested that rHV2-K47 could be delivered successfully via the oral route.