合并慢性气道疾病的ARDS临床特征及预后影响因素研究

目的:探讨急性呼吸窘迫综合征(ARDS)合并慢性气道疾病患者的临床特征及影响预后的因素。方法:167例ARDS患者根据并发症发生情况分为对照组(单纯性ARDS组,A组,n=39)及观察组(ARDS合并慢性气道疾,B组,n=49,C组,n=41,D组,n=38),比较各组患者一般情况、临床特征、生化指标、治疗方式及预后状况,通过logistic回归分析ARDS合并慢性气道疾病患者预后的影响因素。结果:观察组(B、C、D组)年龄、中性粒细胞、IL-6、IL-8、TNF-α、白蛋白、pro-BNP、乳酸、氧合指数、住院时间、住院费用与对照组(A组)比较差异有统计学意义,P0.05;128例ARDS合并慢性气道疾病患者中死亡76例,好转52例,病死率59.38%;单因素分析结果显示,观察组(B、C、D组)患者中临床结局好转患者与死亡患者比较,白细胞、淋巴细胞、CRP、TNF-α、IL-8、降钙素、肌酐、pro-BNP、氧合指数、住院费用、机械通气时间、抗生素数量差异有统计学意义,P0.05;通过多因素logistic回归分析发现肌酐是影响ARDS合并慢性气道疾病的潜在危险因素,氧合指数为保护因素,P0.05。结论:ARDS合并慢性气道疾病的能量代谢紊乱程度可能较单纯ARDS加重,且两者炎性特征不同。肌酐、氧合指数是影响ARDS合并慢性气道疾病的重要影响因素。     

单孔、两孔及三孔胸腔镜下早期非小细胞肺癌根治术的效果比较研究

目的:通过比较不同胸腔镜手术方式治疗早期非小细胞肺癌根治术术后的相关临床指标,为临床手术方式提供经验。方法:收集我院2017年1月～2019年12月收治的行肺癌根治术的早期非小细胞肺癌病例共100例,分别采用单孔胸腔镜(40例),两孔胸腔镜(32例)及三孔胸腔镜(28例)手术方式,比较三组手术术中及术后的相关指标。结果:单孔胸腔镜组术中出血量、术后引流量明显少于两孔胸腔镜组和三孔胸腔镜组(P0.05),而两孔胸腔镜组明显少于三孔胸腔镜组(P0.05);单孔胸腔镜组术后胸管留置时间和术后住院时间均短于两孔胸腔镜组和三孔胸腔镜组(P0.05),而两孔胸腔镜组明显短于三孔胸腔镜组(P0.05)。三组组内疼痛评分术后24h低于术后12h,术后48h低于术后24h,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。三组组间不同时间点疼痛评分比较发现,单孔胸腔镜组疼痛评分低于两孔胸腔镜组和三孔胸腔镜组(P0.05),而两孔胸腔镜组低于三孔胸腔镜组(P0.05)。三组清扫淋巴结数目、淋巴结站数和术后并发症发生率差异均无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:单孔胸腔镜早期非小细胞肺癌根治术与两孔、三孔胸腔镜手术相比优势明显,且不会显著增加术后并发症,可作为临床首选。     

不同饲养密度对亮斑扁角水虻幼虫生长发育及新鲜牛粪转化率的影响

为了解决养牛业中粪便污染问题,本研究利用亮斑扁角水虻(黑水虻)来转化利用牛粪,探讨了饲养密度对新鲜牛粪的转化效率。本试验以亮斑扁角水虻为研究对象,选择设置每20.0 kg牛粪投入3500头、8750头、17500头4日龄幼虫3个处理密度,在每个密度日均1.0 kg等量饲喂条件下,分析亮斑扁角水虻幼虫百虫重、粗蛋白、粗脂肪、牛粪转化率指标的差异,探索一种适于亮斑扁角水虻幼虫处理新鲜牛粪的饲养密度。结果表明:百虫重、粗蛋白、粗脂肪3个指标在3组处理之间都存在极显著差异。百虫重和粗脂肪两个指标和试验组密度情况在0.01的水平上显著负相关,但3个处理中转化率最高的为8750头的饲养密度。综合评价认为亮斑扁角水虻4日龄幼虫8750头/20.0 kg牛粪的投入量为实验范围内最佳饲养密度。     

Noninvasive ultrasound deep brain stimulation of nucleus accumbens induces behavioral avoidance

Ultrasound stimulation is an emerging noninvasive option in treating neuropsychiatric disorders. The present study investigates the behavioral alterations resulting from ultrasound stimulation on the nucleus accumbens(NAc) in freely moving mice. Our results show that an acute ultrasound stimulation on the NAc, rather than the visual cortex or auditory cortex, led to a pronounced avoidance behavior, while repeated NAc ultrasound stimulation resulted in an obvious conditioned place aversion with changes in synaptic protein(Glu A1/2 subunit) expression. Notably, NAc ultrasound stimulation suppressed the morphine-induced conditioned place preference. The results provide evidence that NAc ultrasound stimulation can be applied as a potential noninvasive therapeutic option in treating psychiatric disorders.     

Generation of a highly attenuated strain of Pseudomonas aeruginosa for commercial production of alginate

Alginate is an important polysaccharide that is commonly used as a gelling agent in foods, cosmetics and healthcare products. Currently, all alginate used commercially is extracted from brown seaweed. However, with environmental changes such as increasing ocean temperature and the increasing number of biotechnological uses of alginates with specific properties, there is an emerging need for more reliable and customizable sources of alginate. An alternative to seaweed for alginate production is Pseudomonas aeruginosa, a common Gram-negative bacterium that can form alginate-containing biofilms. However, P. aeruginosa is an opportunistic pathogen that can cause life-threatening infections in immunocompromised patients. Therefore, we sought to engineer a non-pathogenic P. aeruginosa strain that is safe for commercial production of alginate. Using a homologous recombination strategy, we sequentially deleted five key pathogenicity genes from the P. aeruginosa chromosome, resulting in the marker-free strain PGN5. Intraperitoneal injection of mice with PGN5 resulted in 0% mortality, while injection with wild-type P. aeruginosa resulted in 95% mortality, providing evidence that the systemic virulence of PGN5 is highly attenuated. Importantly, PGN5 produces large amounts of alginate in response to overexpression of MucE, an activator of alginate biosynthesis. The alginate produced by PGN5 is structurally identical to alginate produced by wild-type P. aeruginosa, indicating that the alginate biosynthetic pathway remains functional in this modified strain. The genetic versatility of P. aeruginosa will allow us to further engineer PGN5 to produce alginates with specific chemical compositions and physical properties to meet different industrial and biomedical needs.     

Plant community composition steers grassland vegetation via soil legacy effects

Soil legacy effects are commonly highlighted as drivers of plant community dynamics and species co‐existence. However, experimental evidence for soil legacy effects of conditioning plant communities on responding plant communities under natural conditions is lacking. We conditioned 192 grassland plots using six different plant communities with different ratios of grasses and forbs and for different durations. Soil microbial legacies were evident for soil fungi, but not for soil bacteria, while soil abiotic parameters did not significantly change in response to conditioning. The soil legacies affected the composition of the succeeding vegetation. Plant communities with different ratios of grasses and forbs left soil legacies that negatively affected succeeding plants of the same functional type. We conclude that fungal‐mediated soil legacy effects play a significant role in vegetation assembly of natural plant communities.     

Meta-Analysis of the Relationship between Normal Tension Glaucoma,Open-Angle Glaucoma,and Fractional Pressure Reserve

Aim: To investigate the relationship between glaucoma and intraocular pressure (IOP), intracranial pressure (ICP), trans-laminar cribrosa pressure difference (TLCPD), and the newly proposed fractional pressure reserve (FPR). Methods: Ten articles were analyzed by meta-analysis, and subgroup analysis of three factors was conducted. Results: The patients with normal tension glaucoma (NTG) and open-angle glaucoma (OAG) have higher TLCPD and lower ICP than healthy subjects, with obvious heterogeneity. The greater heterogeneity may arise from different ICP measurements and from different countries or regions. FPR performs better than TLCPD in some ways. Conclusion: Both FPR and TLCPD can be used as indicators of NTG and OAG, and FPR is more effective than TLCPD in comparisons between different experiments or individuals.