信号分子在生物脱氮中的作用及检测方法

生物脱氮是由微生物主导的地球氮循环中的重要环节之一,主要包括硝化、反硝化和厌氧氨氧化(anaerobic ammonium oxidation,anammox)等过程。在微生物联合作用下,污水中的有机氮及氨氮经一系列作用转化为氮气,这种经济高效、环境友好的处理工艺在世界范围内得到广泛应用。群体感应(quorum sensing,QS)以信号分子为媒介通过改变菌群密度和周围环境变化来调节微生物的各种行为。大量的研究已证实调控QS信号分子在生物脱氮中具有应用潜力。本文介绍了各种信号分子类型,从基因组学、实际应用等方面综述了各类信号分子以及检测方法,同时针对酰基高丝氨酸内酯(acyl homoserine lactones,AHLs)类信号分子在生物脱氮中的作用进行详细介绍。然而不足之处在于信号分子研究只是停留在实验室阶段,仅仅研究了单一信号分子对生物脱氮的影响。未来可将信号分子应用于实际污水,研究多种信号分子共同作用以及多种微生物之间的QS现象。     

冷害条件下凤眼莲某些生理特性变化的研究

研究了凤眼莲在冷害条件下细胞膜透性、体内生理代谢过程中一些大分子物质的变化。①０℃条件下细胞内大量电解质外渗,质膜性明显增加。此时,植株外部已发生了严重的伤害症状,②低温处理后,叶片内可溶性糖和游离脯氨酸累积,可溶性蛋白质含量基本不变。③过氧化物酶活性在低温下减弱,其同工酶谱带增加１－４条。过氧化氢酶活性明显增加,其同工酶谱带增加１－２条。ＳＯＤ活性有所降低,其同工酶谱带在０℃、３６小时后增加了１     

Preparation and Characterization of a Silk Fibroin/Polyurethane Fiber Blend Membrane Containing Actinomycin X2 with Excellent Mechanical Properties and Enhanced Antibacterial Activities

Development of suitable antimicrobial biomaterials for hygienic wound dressing and healing is an important requirement for medical application. Durable mechanical properties increase the application range of biomaterial in different environmental and biological conditions. Due to the inherent brittleness of silk fibroin (SF), polyurethane fiber (PUF) was used to modify SF containing actinomycin X2 (Ac.X2) to prepare silk fibroin@actinomycin X₂/polyurethane fiber (ASF/PUF) blend membranes. The ASF/PUF blend membrane was developed by solution casting method. Incorporation of PUF improved the flexibility of material and introduction of Ac.X2 has increased antibacterial activity of materials. Excellent mechanical properties (tensile strength up to 25.7 MPa and elongation at break up to 946.5 %) of 50 % SF+50 % PUF blend membrane were proved by tensile testing machine. FT-IR spectra, TGA, contact angle and DMA were tested to prove the blend membrane's physico-chemical characteristics. ASF/PUF blend membrane displayed satisfactory antibacterial activity against S. aureus, and the cytotoxicity tests showed that the blend membrane has better biosafety compared to directly applied Ac.X2 in soluble form. These results suggest that the modification of SF through PUF for development of flexible antibacterial membranes has great potential application value in the field of silk-like material fabrication.     

Environmentally-Friendly Pesticidal Activities of Callicarpa and Karomia Essential Oils from Vietnam and Their Microemulsions

There is an ongoing interest to identify alternative pesticidal agents to avoid the chronic problems associated with synthetic pesticides. Essential oils have shown promise as botanical pest control agents. In the present study, the essential oils of four members of the Lamiaceae (Callicarpa candicans, C. erioclona, C. macrophylla, and Karomia fragrans; Vietnamese names: Nàng nàng, Tu châu lông mem, Tu châu lá to and Cà diện, respectively), obtained from wild populations in Vietnam, have been obtained by hydrodistillation and analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The essential oils were formulated into microemulsions and the essential oils and their microemulsions were screened for mosquito larvicidal activity against Aedes aegypti, Aedes albopictus, Culex quinquefasciatus, and for molluscicidal activity against Pomacea canaliculata. Atractylone and (E)-caryophyllene dominated the volatiles of C. candicans (CCEO) and C. erioclona (CEEO), while the major component in C. macrophylla (CMEO) and K. fragrans (KFEO) was (E)-caryophyllene. The essential oils and microemulsions of both C. candicans and C. erioclona exhibited excellent larvicidal activity against all three mosquito species (Ae. aegypti, Ae. albopictus, and Cx. quinquefasciatus) with LC₅₀ values <10 μg/mL. Additionally, the larvicidal activity of the microemulsions were significantly improved compared with their free essential oils, especially for C. candicans and C. erioclona. All four essential oils and their microemulsions showed excellent molluscicidal activity with LC₅₀ <10 μg/mL. In most cases, the essential oils and microemulsions showed greater pesticidal activity against target organisms than the non-target freshwater fish, Oreochromis niloticus. The in silico studies on physicochemical and ADMET properties of the major components in the studied essential oils were also investigated and most of the compounds possessed a favorable ADMET profile. Computational modeling studies of the studied compounds demonstrated a favorable binding interaction with the mosquito odorant-binding protein target and support atractylone, β-selinene, and caryophyllene oxide as potential inhibitors. Based on the observed pesticidal activities of the essential oils and their microemulsions, the Callicarpa species and K. fragrans should be considered for potential cultivation and further exploration as botanical pesticidal agents.     

不同育秧方式和插植密度下晚籼稻群体动态结构的研究

不同育秧方式和插植密度下晚籼稻群体动态结构存在差异。旱育秧群体分蘖速度快,分蘖能力强。稀植可促进个体分蘖多发、有效穗数增多,但旱育稀植并无分蘖早发的优势。旱育稀植使主茎基部叶片变短而上部叶片变长,生育后期叶面积消长平稳,地上部干物质积累较多。旱育秧、稀植都使主茎叶总数增多,全生育期延长。     

不同生长期蛋鸡的体脂水平和肝脏脂肪酸合成酶活性的关系

 不同生长期蛋鸡的体脂水平和肝脏脂肪酸合成酶活性的关系田维熙,董妍,权晖,陈文峰（中国科学院研究生院生物教学部,北京１０００３９）动物体脂的控制是一个复杂过程．不同种类不同年龄的动物体脂水平有很大差异,控制机制是什么,哪些是关键的控制因素？不久前我们曾...     

Laminin and Neuropeptide Y Are Increased by Synapsin Transfection in Cultured NG108-15 Neuroblastoma/Glioma Hybrid Cells

Abstract: We have investigated the presence and expression of laminin and neuropeptide Y (NPY) in several NG108-15 cell lines transfected with synapsin Ib, IIa, or IIb. The content of laminin, a basal membrane glycoprotein that promotes adhesion and induces neurite outgrowth and neuronal differentiation, was increased in all transfected cell lines examined. In cells that were chemically differentiated with prostaglandin E₁ plus 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine, laminin levels were increased even further. The content of NPY, suggested to be a neurotransmitter/neuromodulator in peripheral sympathetic neurons as well as in central neurons, was also increased in all transfected cell lines examined. Immunohistochemical analysis combined with confocal laser microscopy showed that NPY staining was granular and very often enriched in neuritic varicosities. The distribution and the staining pattern of NPY were consistent with storage of NPY in large dense-cored vesicles. The results indicate that, in differentiated neurons, the synapsins increase the levels of a neuropeptide transmitter stored in large dense-cored vesicles and of an extracellular matrix protein associated with neuronal maturation.     

Resistance of Spiroplasma citri Lines to the Virus SVTS2 Is Associated with Integration of Viral DNA Sequences into Host Chromosomal and Extrachromosomal DNA

Spiroplasmavirus SVTS2, isolated from Spiroplasma melliferum TS2, produces plaques when inoculated onto lawns of Spiroplasma citri M200H, a derivative of the type strain Maroc R8A2. S. citri strains MR2 and MR3, originally selected as colonies growing within plaques on a lawn of M200H inoculated with SVTS2, were resistant to SVTS2. Genomic DNA fingerprints and electrophoretic protein profiles of M200H, MR2, and MR3 were similar, but three proteins present in M200H were missing or significantly reduced in both resistant lines. None of these three polypeptides reacted with antiserum against S. citri membrane proteins, indicating that they probably are not surface-located virus receptors. Electroporation with SVTS2 DNA produced 1.5 x 10(sup5) transfectants per (mu)g of DNA in M200H but none in MR2 or MR3, suggesting that resistance may result from inhibition of viral replication. The digestion patterns of the extrachromosomal double-stranded (ds) DNA of these lines were similar. Three TaqI fragments of MR2 extrachromosomal DNA that were not present in M200H extrachromosomal DNA hybridized strongly to an SVTS2 probe, and two of these fragments plus an additional one hybridized with the MR3 extrachromosomal DNA, indicating that a fragment of SVTS2 DNA was present in the extrachromosomal ds DNA of MR2 and MR3 but not of M200H. When the restricted genomes of all three lines were probed with SVTS2 DNA, strong hybridization to two EcoRI fragments of chromosomal MR2 and MR3 DNA but not M200H DNA indicated that SVTS2 DNA had integrated into the genomes of MR2 and MR3 but not of M200H. When MR3 extrachromosomal ds DNA containing a 2.1-kb SVTS2 DNA fragment was transfected into M200H, the transformed spiroplasmas were resistant to SVTS2. These results suggest that SVTS2 DNA fragments, possibly integrated into the chromosomal or extrachromosomal DNA of a previously susceptible spiroplasma, may function as viral incompatibility elements, providing resistance to superinfection by SVTS2.     

长白山区瓦蛛属三新纪录种（蜘蛛目：皿蛛科：微蛛亚科）

本文记述了我国瓦蛛属三新纪录种,即突褶瓦蛛Walckenaeria sounkyoensis、钉角瓦蛛Walckenaeria claviornis、霍氏瓦蛛Walckenaeria holmi。本文量度单位:mm。标本保存在长春市白求恩医科大学生物教研室。