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91.
92.
The objectives of the present study were: 1) to develop a simple and more efficient technique for sperm microinjection than is currently available, using the rabbit as a model, and 2) to evaluate the development of rabbit oocytes fertilized by single or multiple sperm microinjection. Hyperosmotic sucrose in phosphate-buffered saline (SPBS) was employed to dehydrate oocytes to increase the perivitelline space for sperm microinjection and prevent possible injury to the vitellus. In the first experiment, 58% (n = 29) oocytes treated with 0.5 M SPBS developed to morulae following multiple sperm microinjection compared, respectively, to 47% (n = 34) and 60% (n = 15) for control IVF with or without sucrose exposure (P greater than 0.05). Blastocyst development from microinjected oocytes, however, was much lower (P less than 0.05) than that of controls (14% vs. 42% and 40%, respectively). Sham operation by puncturing the zona pellucida of the sucrose-treated oocytes with the microinjection pipette did not increase parthenogenesis (P greater than 0.05). In Experiment 2 a smaller-size injection pipette and shorter sucrose exposure time after sperm microinjection resulted in 41% (n = 42) of the oocytes developing into blastocysts for the microinjection group, whereas only 21% (n = 24) developed to blastocysts in the control IVF group (P less than 0.05). When relatively older oocytes (17 hr post ovulation injection) were used to test if microinjection could reduce the time to fertilization and cleavage (Expt. 3), an average of 27% (n = 63) blastocysts resulted from microinjection vs. 0% (n = 28) for the control IVF group. 相似文献
93.
Dissociated embryonic chick dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons maintained in culture exhibit a mixed Na+/Ca2+ action potential. The characteristic "shoulder" on the repolarizing phase is due to the relatively prolonged inward Ca2+ current. DRG neurons grown in an elevated K+ medium (25 versus. 5 mM) lack the plateau phase of the action potential. Voltage-clamp analysis showed that this plastic change in action potential duration is not due to the loss of the inward Ca2+ current but is partly due to the appearance of a Ca2(+)-dependent, 4-aminopyridine-(4-AP)-sensitive transient outward current. Faster activation of the purely voltage-dependent delayed rectifier outward current also contributes to the rapid repolarization observed in neurons cultured in elevated K+ medium. 相似文献
94.
Long-chain unsaturated fatty acids (UFA) having up to six double bonds are derivatized to 2-substituted 4,4-dimethyloxazolines (DMOX) and then analyzed by combined in-beam electron impact (IBEI)-B/E-linked scan mass spectrometry. This technique provides highly characteristic mass spectra and may serve as an auxiliary means for direct structure determination of individual UFA in mixtures. 相似文献
95.
血管紧张素Ⅱ中枢加压作用的机制 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
血管紧张素II(AII)具有中枢加压作用。中枢产生的AII在脑内的作用部位广泛,而外周产生的AII主要通过脑内某些特殊区域起作用。AII的中枢加压作用主要通过以下三条途径实现:(1)中枢性兴奋交感神经;(2)抑制迷走中枢;(3)促进加压素释放。 相似文献
96.
向日葵离体孤雌生殖的超微结构研究 总被引:5,自引:1,他引:4
本文是研究未受精胚珠培养诱导的孤雌生殖过程超微结构变化的首次报道。向日葵(Heliaanthus annuus L.)的卵细胞在离体条件下被激活,发生细胞核移位、极性丧失、细胞器增多并转变成活动状态、液泡化程度增大、合点端形成细胞壁等一系列变化,预示即将启动孤雌生殖。孤雌生殖的原胚具有若干显著特征,如极性颠倒、有自体吞噬活动、壁的自由生长、游离核分裂等。对这些现象作了初步的讨论。 相似文献
97.
Water-storage capacity was measured inThuja occidentalis L.,Tsuga canadensis (L.) Carr., andAcer saccharum Marsh. during the dehydration of stem segments 1.5–2.5 cm in diameter. Stem water potential was measured with a temperature-corrected
stem hygrometer and cavitations were detected acoustically. Water loss was measured by weight change. Dehydration isotherms
consistently displayed three phases. The first phase, from water potential (Ψ) 0 to about −0.2 MPa, had a high capacitance
(C>0.4kg water lost· (1 of tissue)−1· MPa−1) and we have attributed this high C to capillary water as defined by Zimmermann (1983, Xylem structure and the ascent of
sap, Springer-Verlag). The second phase from Ψ=−0.5 to about −2.0 had the lowest C values (<0.02 kg·l−1·MPa−1) and was accompanied by a few cavitation events. This phase may have been a transition zone between capillary storage and
water released by cavitation events as well as water drawn from living cells of the bark. The third phase also had a high
C (about 0.07–0.22kg·l−1·MPa−1) and was associated with many cavitation events while Ψ declined below about −2.5 MPa; we presume the high capacitance was
the consequence of water released by cavitation events. We discuss the ecological adaptive advantage of these three phases
of water-storage in trees. In moist environments, water withdrawn from capillary storage may be an important fraction of transpiration,
but may be of little adaptive advantage. For most of the growth season trees draw mainly on elastic storage, but stem elastic
storage is less than leaf elastic storage and therefore unlikely to be important. In very dry environments, water relased
by cavitation events might be important to the short-term survival of trees. 相似文献
98.
Transgenetic studies implicate interactions between homologous PrP isoforms in scrapie prion replication 总被引:55,自引:0,他引:55
S B Prusiner M Scott D Foster K M Pan D Groth C Mirenda M Torchia S L Yang D Serban G A Carlson 《Cell》1990,63(4):673-686
Transgenic (Tg) mice expressing both Syrian hamster (Ha) and mouse (Mo) prion protein (PrP) genes were used to probe the mechanism of scrapie prion replication. Four Tg lines expressing HaPrP exhibited distinct incubation times ranging from 48 to 277 days, which correlated inversely with HaPrP mRNA and HaPrPC. Bioassays of Tg brain extracts showed that the prion inoculum dictates which prions are synthesized de novo. Tg mice inoculated with Ha prions had approximately 10(9) ID50 units of Ha prions per gram of brain and less than 10 units of Mo prions. Conversely, Tg mice inoculated with Mo prions synthesized Mo prions but not Ha prions. Similarly, Tg mice inoculated with Ha prions exhibited neuropathologic changes characteristic of hamsters with scrapie, while Mo prions produced changes similar to those in non-Tg mice. Our results argue that species specificity of scrapie prions resides in the PrP sequence and prion synthesis is initiated by a species-specific interaction between PrPSc in the inoculum and homologous PrPC. 相似文献
99.
Functional antagonism between oncoprotein c-Jun and the glucocorticoid receptor 总被引:121,自引:0,他引:121
R Schüle P Rangarajan S Kliewer L J Ransone J Bolado N Yang I M Verma R M Evans 《Cell》1990,62(6):1217-1226
100.
Novel method to extract large amounts of bacteriocins from lactic acid bacteria. 总被引:18,自引:5,他引:13 下载免费PDF全文
Antimicrobial peptides, bacteriocins, produced by lactic acid bacteria were adsorbed on the cells of producing strains and other gram-positive bacteria. pH was a crucial factor in determining the degree of adsorption of these peptides onto cell surfaces. In general, between 93 and 100% of the bacteriocin molecules were adsorbed at pHs near 6.0, and the lowest (< or = 5%) adsorption took place at pH 1.5 to 2.0. On the basis of this property, a novel isolation method was developed for bacteriocins from four genera of lactic acid bacteria. By using this method we made preparations of pediocin AcH, nisin, sakacin A, and leuconocin Lcm1 that were potent and concentrated. This method produced a higher yield than isolation procedures, which rely on precipitation of the bacteriocins from the cell-free culture liquor. It is simple and can be used to produce large quantities of bacteriocins from lactic acid bacteria to be used as food biopreservatives. 相似文献