Adverse effects of cyclophosphamide on progeny outcome can be mediated through post-testicular mechanisms in the rat.

Previous studies from our laboratory have suggested that, in addition to an effect on spermatozoa in the testis, cyclophosphamide may have an adverse effect on spermatozoa after they leave the testis, during epididymal transit. To elaborate on this post-testicular effect on germ cells and to determine at which site(s) in the epididymis germ cells are most sensitive to cyclophosphamide treatment, three experiments were undertaken. First, the time course of the effect of treatment of male rats with cyclophosphamide on the outcome of their progeny was determined. Male rats were treated daily by gavage with saline or one of two doses of cyclophosphamide (6.8 mg/kg or 10.0 mg/kg) for 1, 4, or 7 days. At the end of each treatment period, males were mated to assess the effect on pregnancy outcome. No effect was observed on pre-implantation loss at any time among any of the groups, but there was a time-dependent and dose-related increase in post-implantation loss. Post-implantation loss was significantly increased after 4 days of treatment and reached nearly 40% after 7 days of drug exposure (10.0 mg/kg). Second, the effect of treatment with single high doses of cyclophosphamide was studied. Male rats were treated with a single dose of cyclophosphamide (10, 30, or 70 mg/kg) and bred 1 day and 4 days post-treatment. No significant change in pre-implantation loss was observed at either time point; no change in post-implantation loss was found after 1 day post-treatment. However, a significant increase in post-implantation loss was observed in the two high-dose groups 4 days post-treatment.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

猪消化道中产苯乳酸乳酸菌的益生特性研究

【目的】建立一种简单有效的产苯乳酸乳酸菌的筛选方法,并筛选到高产苯乳酸的乳酸菌。【方法】菌株经过添加了苯丙氨酸的培养基厌氧培养后,利用高效液相色谱法检测发酵液中苯乳酸的含量。【结果】从猪的消化道中共分离得到31株产苯乳酸的乳酸菌,其中菌株R53的苯乳酸产量最大,为321.7 mg/L。菌株R53对.OH、O2和DPPH都有清除能力,清除率分别达到11.2%、52.7%和63.2%。同时R53也能降低培养基中胆固醇的含量,清除率为32.5%。【结论】乳酸菌R53经菌落形态、细胞形态、生化反应实验、16S rDNA测序,最终确定为植物乳杆菌。植物乳杆菌R53能产生苯乳酸,具有清除胆固醇和抗氧化能力。     

精液源性病毒感染增强因子SEVI-HIV性传播中的重要因素

精液源性病毒增强因子(Semen-derived enhancer of viral infection,SEVI)是前列腺酸性磷酸酶(Prostatic acidphosphatase,PAP)位于PAP248-286的多肽片段,可增强人免疫缺陷病毒(Human immunodeficiency virus,HIV)的感染性。SEVI促进HIV感染的作用机制包括:①富含阳离子氨基酸残基的SEVI能通过静电作用降低HIV病毒颗粒与靶细胞之间的静电排斥;②SEVI在人体液中呈无序状态,利于病毒与靶细胞膜相互作用;③SEVI直接捕获HIV颗粒,提高病毒在靶细胞表面沉降速度,促进病毒与靶细胞的吸附和融合。目前已发现能抑制SEVI活性的物质包括:绿茶来源的EGCG(没食子儿茶素没食子酸酯)、氨基喹啉类小分子化合物Surfen、ThT类似物BTA-EG6等,能通过阻断HIV与SEVI结合或阻止其淀粉样纤维的形成,降低SEVI的病毒感染增强作用。研究SEVI的生物学特性及作用机制对防治HIV感染具有较为重要的指导意义。     

多能干细胞诱导分化为肾脏类器官的研究进展与挑战

用于分化为多种类型细胞的多能干细胞(PSC)体外培养技术已被广泛应用于生物学领域中.由PSC分化而来的肾脏类器官可基本还原生物体内肾脏的组织结构和部分功能,在肾脏疾病模型研究和药物筛选中有重要作用,继续改善肾脏类器官的结构、功能和成熟度将会对肾脏再生治疗提供极大的帮助.研究肾脏类器官的重点在于体外准确模拟体内肾脏的发育...     

Identifying suitable reference genes for developing and injured mouse CNS tissues

Accurate quantification of gene expression is fundamental for understanding the molecular, genetic and functional bases of tissue development and diseases. Quantitative real‐time PCR (qPCR) is now the most widely used method of quantifying gene expression due to its simplicity, specificity, sensitivity, and wide quantification range. The use of appropriate reference genes to ensure accurate normalization is crucial for the correct quantification of gene expression from the early development, maturation, aging to injury processes in the central nervous system (CNS). In this study, we have determined the expression profiles of 12 candidate housekeeping genes (ACTB, CYC1, HMBS, GAPDH, HPRT1, RPL13A, YWHAZ, PPIA, RPLP0, TFRC, GUS, and 18S rRNA) in developing mouse brain and spinal cord. Throughout development, there was a significant degree of fluctuations in their expression levels, indicating the importance and complexity of finding appropriate reference genes. Three software including BestKeeper, geNorm and NormFinder were used to evaluate the stability of potential reference genes. GUS was the most stable gene and GUS/YWHAZ were the most stable reference gene pair across different developmental stages in different CNS regions, whereas HPRT1 and GAPDH were the most variable genes and thus inappropriate to use as reference genes. Therefore, our results identified GUS and YWHAZ as the best combination of two reference genes for expression data normalization in CNS developmental studies. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Develop Neurobiol 78: 39–50, 2018     

The potentiation role of hepatopoietin on activator protein-1 is dependent on its sulfhydryl oxidase activity

Hepatopoietin (HPO) is a novel hepatotrophic growth factor that stimulates hepatocyte proliferation by two pathways. In the first, intracellular HPO specifically modulates the activator protein-1 (AP-1) pathway through JAB1 (Jun activation domain-binding protein 1), whereas in the second, extracellular HPO triggers the mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway by binding its specific receptor on the cell surface. In this report we demonstrate that HPO is a flavin-linked sulfhydryl oxidase, and the invariant CXXC (Cys-Xaa-Xaa-Cys) motif in HPO is essential for the enzyme activity of HPO but not for its dimerization nor for its binding ability with JAB1. Two intramolecular disulfides were identified in HPO by mass spectrometry, one of which is formed by the redox CXXC cysteine residues. HPO site-directed mutants (Cys/Ser) at active sites, which lost sulfhydryl oxidase activity, could not increase c-Jun phosphorylation and failed to potentiate JAB1-mediated AP-1 activation. However, the mutants still have mitogenic stimulation and mitogen-activated protein kinase activation effects on HepG2 cells. Thus, it can be concluded that the potentiation role of HPO on AP-1 is dependent on its sulfhydryl oxidase activity.     

The murine pan T cell marker CD96 is an adhesion receptor for CD155 and nectin-1

The CD155 ligand CD96 is an immunoglobulin-like protein tentatively allocated to the repertoire of human NK receptors. We report here that the CD96/CD155-interaction is preserved between man and mouse although both receptors are only moderately conserved in amino acid sequence. Moreover, murine CD96 (mCD96) binds to nectin-1, a receptor related to CD155. Applying newly generated monoclonal antibodies specifically recognizing mCD96, an expression profile is revealed resembling closely that of human CD96 (hCD96) on cells of hematopoietic origin. A panel of anti-mCD96 but also recently established anti-mCD155 antibodies effectively prevents formation of CD96/CD155-complexes. This was exploited to demonstrate that the only available receptor for mCD96 present on thymocytes is mCD155. Moreover, T cell adhesion to insect cells expressing mCD155 is blocked by these antibodies depending on the T cell subtype. These results suggest a function of the CD96/CD155-adhesion system in T cell biology.     

半干旱黄土高原地区春小麦地膜覆盖研究概述

在黄土高原半干旱地区春小麦上进行的地膜覆盖试验表明,地膜覆盖通过改善耕层土壤生态环境条件,即通过改善水,热状况,活化土壤养分,对提高水分和养分利用效率,实现粮食增产具有重要作用,但近年来在生产实践和科学实验中发现,不合理的长期全生育期地膜覆盖,因在作物生长前期和中期覆膜作物较不覆膜作物生长好,覆膜作物在生长期水分蒸腾损失严重,土壤水分的蒸散（蒸发＋蒸腾）损失远比不覆膜土壤严重,在作物生长后期降水少或没有补充灌溉时,会产生严重的水分肋迫现象,显著抑制小穗分化和灌浆,最终导致收获得指数和产量下降,同时,地膜覆盖的增产作用在一定程度上是以耗竭土壤肥力,特别是在有机物质为代 的,因此,不正确的地膜覆盖（如全生育期的地膜覆盖）,不仅有时起不到显著的增产作用,而且易造成土壤养分,特别是土壤中硝态氮的累积和损失,肥料利用效率降低,土壤生态条件恶化,下降,难以持续高产,因此在确定地膜覆盖范式时,必须要考虑底墒,作物生育期降水,地膜覆盖的阶段性和氮肥的施用等。