湖北土荆芥挥发油化学成分研究

用色谱－质谱联用技术对湖北产土荆芥挥发油的化学成分进行了分析。鉴定了８０种组分。其中主要组分是：薄荷醇（３１．３３１％）α－松油烯（１３．２１０％）,香芹烯醇（８．５２６％）、对伞花烃（８．３４３％）、１,８－桉叶油素（７．４１７％）等５种化合物。被鉴定的８０种成分,共占挥发油总含量的９９．１１２％。     

Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibition prevents lung injury in mice under chronic stress via the modulation of oxidative stress and inflammation

Exposure to chronic psychosocial stress is a risk factor for various pulmonary diseases. In view of the essential role of dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP4) in animal and human lung pathobiology, we investigated the role of DPP4 in stress-related lung injury in mice. Eight-week-old male mice were randomly divided into a non-stress group and a 2-week immobilization stress group. Non-stress control mice were left undisturbed. The mice subjected to immobilized stress were randomly assigned to the vehicle or the DPP4 inhibitor anagliptin for 2 weeks. Chronic stress reduced subcutaneous and inguinal adipose volumes and increased blood DPP4 levels. The stressed mice showed increased levels in the lungs of genes and/or proteins related to oxidative stress (p67^phox, p47^phox, p22^phox and gp91^phox), inflammation (monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, vascular cell adhesion molecule-1, and intracellular adhesion molecule-1), apoptosis (caspase-3, -8, -9), senescence (p16^INK4A, p21, and p53) and proteolysis (matrix metalloproteinase-2 to -9, cathepsin S/K, and tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinase-1 and -2), and reduced levels of eNOS, Sirt1, and Bcl-2 proteins; and these effects were reversed by genetic and pharmacological inhibitions of DPP4. We then exposed human umbilical vein endothelial cells in vitro to hydrogen peroxide; anagliptin treatment was also observed to mitigate oxidative and inflammatory molecules in this setting. Anagliptin can improve lung injury in stressed mice, possibly by mitigating vascular inflammation, oxidative stress production, and proteolysis. DPP4 may become a new therapeutic target for chronic psychological stress-related lung disease in humans and animals.     

Interface Welding via Thermal Pulse Sintering to Enable 4.6 V Solid-State Batteries

NASICON-type Li_1.3Al_0.3Ti_1.7(PO4)₃ (LATP) is one of the most promising solid-state electrolytes (SSEs) to achieve high-energy-density solid-state batteries (SSBs) due to its high ionic conductivity, high-voltage stability, and low cost. However, its practical application is constrained by inadequate interfacial compatibility with cathode materials and significant incompatibility with lithium metal. In this work, a cost-effective interface welding approach is reported, utilizing an innovative thermal pulse sintering (TPS) to fabricate LATP-based solid-state batteries. Initially, the rapid thermal pulses enhance the ionic conductivity of LATP SSE by inducing selective growth of LATP nanowires, effectively occupying interparticle voids. Additionally, this process results in the formation of a dense layer (GCM) comprising graphene oxide, carbon nanotubes, and MXene with a controlled Li⁺ transport pathway, facilitating lithium stripping and plating processes. Moreover, these thermal pulses facilitate the interfacial fusion between LATP and cathode materials, while avoiding undesired phase diffusion. As a result, SSBs with a LiCoO₂ cathode deliver favorable cycle stability at 4.6 V, marking significant progress. This facile interface welding strategy represents a substantial step toward high-energy-density SSB development.     

The long rod-shaped Sr2MgSi2O7:Eu2+,Dy3+ with ultrahigh afterglow performance

The afterglow properties of long afterglow luminescent materials are greatly affected by their defects, which are distributed on the grain surface. Increasing the exposed surface area is an important method to improve the afterglow performance. In this research, long rod-shaped long afterglow materials Sr₂MgSi₂O₇:Eu²⁺,Dy³⁺ were prepared using the hydrothermal-coprecipitation method. When the reaction time reached 96 h, the length of the afterglow materials could grow to 2 mm, and the sintering temperature was just 1150°C. The emission spectra of all obtained samples upon excitation at 397 nm had a maximum of 465 nm, which belonged to the representative transition of Eu²⁺. The initial brightness was 1.35 cd/m². The afterglow time could reach 19 h, giving a good afterglow performance. The research on this kind of material has essential significance in the exploration of luminescence mechanisms and their applications.     

Trade‐off between flight capability and reproduction in Acridoidea (Insecta: Orthoptera)

In many insect taxa, there is a well‐established trade‐off between flight capability and reproduction. The wing types of Acridoidea exhibit extremely variability from full length to complete loss in many groups, thus, provide a good model for studying the trade‐off between flight and reproduction. In this study, we completed the sampling of 63 Acridoidea species, measured the body length, wing length, body weight, flight muscle weight, testis and ovary weight, and the relative wing length (RWL), relative flight muscle weight (RFW), and gonadosomatic index (GSI) of different species were statistically analyzed. The results showed that there were significant differences in RWL, RFW, and GSI among Acridoidea species with different wing types. RFW of long‐winged species was significantly higher than that of short‐winged and wingless species (p < .01), while GSI of wingless species was higher than that of long‐winged and short‐winged species. The RWL and RFW had a strong positive correlation in species with different wing types (correlation coefficient r = .8344 for male and .7269 for female, and p < .05), while RFW was strong negatively correlated with GSI (r = −.2649 for male and −.5024 for female, and p < .05). For Acridoidea species with wing dimorphism, males with relatively long wings had higher RFW than that of females with relatively short wings, while females had higher GSI. Phylogenetic comparative analysis showed that RWL, RFW, and GSI all had phylogenetic signals and phylogenetic dependence. These results revealed that long‐winged individuals are flight capable at the expense of reproduction, while short‐winged and wingless individuals cannot fly, but has greater reproductive output. The results support the trade‐off between flight and reproduction in Acridoidea.     

Immune and nonimmune mechanisms mediate the mental stress-induced tumor growth in a xenograft model of breast cancer

Excess mental stress may harm health, and even accelerate cancer initiation and progression. One fourth of breast cancer patients suffer mental stress including anxiety, sadness, or depression, which negatively affect prognosis and survival. However, the regulatory mechanism is yet to be determined. Herein, we applied unpredictable stress stimuli to the breast tumor-bearing mice to establish a xenograft model of breast cancer suffering mental stress, followed by behavioral tests, tumor growth tracking, immune analysis, miRNA screening, and tumor cell proliferation analysis as well. As a result, increased stress hormone levels in serum, decreased percentage of T and NK cells in both blood and tumor samples and accelerated tumor growth in vivo were observed in the mice exposed to mental stress. Promoted cell proliferation was observed in both primary tumor cells derived from the stressed mice and 4T1 breast cancer cells treated with stress hormone corticosterone. In addition, a subset of miRNAs including miR-326, 346, 493, 595, 615, and 665 were identified through a miRNA screening with downregulation in tumors of the stressed mice. CCND1 was identified as a common target gene of miR-346 and miR-493, the top two most significantly downregulated miRNAs by stress exposure. The stress-miRNA-CCND1 signaling regulation of the tumor cell proliferation was further validated in 4T1 cells treated with corticosterone in vitro. GO terms and KEGG pathways analyses on the target genes of miR-346 and miR-493 revealed their involvement in the regulation of human cancer and neuron system, indicating the importance of non-coding genome in mediating the mental stress-induced cancer regulation. In conclusion, this study not only explored immune and nonimmune mechanisms through which mental stress exposure contributes to tumor growth in breast cancer, but also suggested a new therapeutic strategy for cancer patients suffering mental stress.Subject terms: Breast cancer, Disease model, miRNAs     

Insulin-like growth factor-II/mannose 6 phosphate receptors facilitate the matrix effects of latent transforming growth factor-β1 released from genetically modified keratinocytes in a fibroblast/keratinocyte co-culture system

This study was conducted to explore the mechanism of activation of transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) which is critical to its role in many physiological and pathological conditions. To date, almost all reports concerning TGF-β1 activation delineated that release of mature TGF-β1 from latency associated protein (LAP) is required for its activation. We report that latent TGF-β1 (LTGF-β1) released from TGF-β1 genetically modified keratinocytes grown in the top chamber of a co-culture system functions as a fibrogenic factor through interaction with insulin-like growth factor-II/mannose-6-phosphate (IGF-II/M6P) receptors of human dermal fibroblasts grown in the lower chamber of this system. Following successful transduction, the pLin-LTGF-β1 vector was amplified in PA317 packaging cells which possess viral structural proteins for vector in the presence of neomycin. Conditioned medium derived from packaging cells containing competent viral particles was then used to transduce either keratinocytes or fibroblasts grown in the upper chamber of a co-culture system, in which a 0.4 μm porous membrane separates the two chambers. In this way, LTGF-β1 produced by transduced cells in the upper chamber is released and diffuses into the lower chambers where dermal fibroblasts are grown. Conditioned medium from the lower chamber was removed 3 days later and used to evaluate the latency and bioactivity of TGF-β1 using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and mink lung (Mv1Lu) epithelial growth inhibition assay. Cells were also harvested and used for RNA extraction. The results of these experiments showed that 1) the TGF-β1-LAP complex, which was latent in traditionally used mink lung growth inhibition assay, directly modulated the expression of collagenase, type I, and type III collagen mRNA by dermal fibroblasts; 2) this stimulation was inhibited by M6P in a dose-dependent manner; 3) the TGF-β1-LAP inhibits Mv1Lu epithelial cells only when this complex was incubated with cell membranes isolated from dermal fibroblasts; and 4) LTGF-β1 activation seems to occur through a conformational alteration rather than by release of the mature TGF-β1 from LAP in our co-cultured system. This conformational alteration seems to occur through the interaction of the TGF-β1-LAP complex with the IGF-II/M6P receptors. Thus, the quantity of IGF-II/M6P receptors is important in cellular response to LTGF-β1 in any physiological and pathological conditions. J. Cell. Physiol. 180:61–70, 1999. © 1999 Wiley-Liss, Inc.     

凡纳滨对虾生物絮团养殖系统中不同生境细菌群落特征

【目的】凡纳滨对虾生物絮团养殖系统(biofloc-based culture system, BFS)是一种基于培育和调控微生物群落的新型生态养殖模式。然而,目前对于BFS在不同生境中的微生物群落特征及其构建过程还不清楚。【方法】采用16S rRNA基因测序技术探究BFS在3种不同生境(水体、絮团和对虾肠道)的细菌群落组成;通过溯源分析和中性模型等方法,探究不同生境细菌群落的特征及其构建过程。【结果】3种生境的微生物群落多样性和组成具有显著性差异,絮团和对虾肠道的群落结构和组成最为相似,溯源结果显示对虾肠道有98.76%的细菌类群来自絮团,仅有0.83%的细菌类群来自水体;3种生境共有的细菌主要为鲁杰氏菌(Ruegeria),在水体、絮团和对虾肠道中的丰度分别为1.72%、7.34%和6.00%,水体中特有的扩增子变异序列(amplicon sequence variants, ASV)数量为89个,主要属于海茎状菌(Maricaulis)和欧文威克斯菌(Owenweeksia),絮团中有56个,主要为莱茵海默氏菌(Rheinheimera),而对虾肠道中仅有10个,主要属于玫瑰杆菌(Roseobacter);中性模型结果表明,水体、絮团和对虾肠道细菌群落构建均符合中性模型,表明3种生境中细菌群落构建均受中性过程主导。【结论】在BFS系统中,不同生境的微生物群落具有显著差异,对虾肠道细菌主要来自生物絮团,而3种生境的细菌群落构建过程由中性过程主导。这些结果为调控生物絮团养殖系统中微生物群落提供了理论依据。