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Inflammation mediates/promotes graft injury after liver transplantation (LT). This study investigated the roles of sphingosine kinase-2 (SK2) in inflammation after LT. Liver grafts were stored in UW solution with and without ABC294640 (100 μM), a selective inhibitor of SK2, before implantation. Hepatic sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) levels increased ~4-fold after LT, which was blunted by 40% by ABC294640. Hepatic toll-like receptor-4 (TLR4) expression and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) p65 subunit phosphorylation elevated substantially after transplantation. The pro-inflammatory cytokines/chemokines tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-1β and C-X-C motif chemokine 10 mRNAs increased 5.9-fold, 6.1-fold and 16-fold, respectively following transplantation, while intrahepatic adhesion molecule-1 increased 5.7-fold and monocytes/macrophage and neutrophil infiltration and expansion of residential macrophage population increased 7.8-13.4 fold, indicating enhanced inflammation. CD4+ T cell infiltration and interferon-γ production also increased. ABC294640 blunted TLR4 expression by 60%, NF-κB activation by 84%, proinflammatory cytokine/chemokine production by 45-72%, adhesion molecule expression by 54% and infiltration of monocytes/macrophages and neutrophils by 62-67%. ABC294640 also largely blocked CD4+ T cell infiltration and interferon-γ production. Focal necrosis and apoptosis occurred after transplantation with serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) reaching ~6000 U/L and serum total bilirubin elevating to ~1.5 mg/dL. Inhibition of SK2 by ABC294640 blunted necrosis by 57%, apoptosis by 74%, ALT release by ~68%, and hyperbilirubinemia by 74%. Most importantly, ABC294640 also increased survival from ~25% to ~85%. In conclusion, SK2 plays an important role in hepatic inflammation responses and graft injury after cold storage/transplantation and represents a new therapeutic target for liver graft failure. 相似文献
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Wang M Li C Nie H Lv X Qu Y Yu B Su L Li J Chen X Ju J Yu Y Yan M Gu Q Zhu Z Liu B 《FEBS letters》2012,586(16):2382-2388
Accumulating evidence has shown that microRNAs are involved in multiple processes in cancer development and progression. Here, we report that expression of miR-625 is significantly down-regulated and negatively correlated with lymph node metastasis in gastric cancer. miR-625 significantly inhibits invasion and metastasis of gastric cancer cells both in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, we identify that ILK is a direct target gene for miR-625 and knockdown of ILK has a phenocopy of overexpression of miR-625. Taken together, our findings suggest that miR-625 plays an important role in the mechanism of tumor metastasis. 相似文献
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Bin Wang Ruiqiu Fang Faming Chen Jingluan Han Yao‐Guang Liu Letian Chen Qinlong Zhu 《植物学报(英文版)》2020,62(10):1594-1606
Male sterility is a prerequisite for hybrid seed production. The phytohormone gibberellin (GA) is involved in regulating male reproductive development, but the mechanism underlying GA homeostasis in anther development remains less understood. Here, we report the isolation and characterization of a new positive regulator of GA homeostasis, swollen anther wall 1 (SAW1), for anther development in rice (Oryza sativa L.). Rice plants carrying the recessive mutant allele saw1 produces abnormal anthers with swollen anther wall and aborted pollen. Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/CRIPSR‐associated protein 9‐mediated knockout of SAW1 in rice generated similar male sterile plants. SAW1 encodes a novel nucleus‐localizing CCCH‐tandem zinc finger protein, and this protein could directly bind to the promoter region of the GA synthesis gene OsGA20ox3 to induce its anther‐specific expression. In the saw1 anther, the significantly decreased OsGA20ox3 expression resulted in lower bioactive GA content, which in turn caused the lower expression of the GA‐inducible anther‐regulator gene OsGAMYB. Thus, our results disclose the mechanism of the SAW1‐GA20ox3‐GAMYB pathway in controlling rice anther development, and provide a new target gene for the rapid generation of male sterile lines by genome editing for hybrid breeding. 相似文献
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Cao Peng Dai Qinlong Deng Cao Zhao Xiang Qin Shishan Yang Jian Ju Ran Wang Zhiwen Lu Guoqing Gu Xiaodong Yang Zhisong Zhu Lifeng 《中国科学:生命科学英文版》2021,64(10):1765-1780
Animal body coverings provide protection and allow for adaptation to environmental pressures such as heat, ultraviolet radiation,water loss, and mechanical forces. Here, using a comparative genomics analysis of 39 mammal species spanning three skin covering types(hairless, scaly and spiny), we found some genes(e.g., UVRAG, POLH, and XPC) involved in skin inflammation,skin innate immunity, and ultraviolet radiation damage repair were under selection in hairless ocean mammals(e.g., whales and manatees). These signatures might be associated with a high risk of skin diseases from pathogens and ultraviolet radiation.Moreover, the genomes from three spiny mammal species shared convergent genomic regions(EPHB2, EPHA4, and NIN) and unique positively selected genes(FZD6, INVS, and CDC42) involved in skin cell polarity, which might be related to the development of spines. In scaly mammals, the shared convergent genomic regions(e.g., FREM2) were associated with the integrity of the skin epithelium and epidermal adhesion. This study identifies potential convergent genomic features among distantly related mammals with the same skin covering type. 相似文献
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Pancreatic cancer is a malignant neoplasm of the pancreas that usually has a poor prognosis. The investigation of targets that effectively inhibit pancreatic cancer cell proliferation should provide a fundamental basis for the clinical application of gene therapy. Here, high expression levels of ABCC4 protein in thirty-six pancreatic cancer specimens were quantified using an immunohistochemical assay, and the potential of ABCC4 as a therapeutic target for pancreatic cancer was investigated. Inhibition of ABCC4 expression at the mRNA and protein levels was achieved in Panc-1 and BxPC-3 pancreatic cancer cells infected with a lentivirus expressing an ABCC4 short hairpin RNA (shRNA). The downregulation of ABCC4 expression in Panc-1 and BxPC-3 cells significantly inhibited their proliferation and colony formation in vitro, compared to cells infected with mock control (p < 0.05). Moreover, the specific downregulation of ABCC4 led to the accumulation of cells at the G1 phase of the cell cycle. Our findings reveal that the ABCC4 gene promotes pancreatic cancer cell growth and represents a promising target for gene therapy in pancreatic cancer. 相似文献
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Rat pup odor preference learning follows pairing of bulbar beta-adrenoceptor activation with olfactory input. We hypothesize that NMDA receptor (NMDAR)-mediated olfactory input to mitral cells is enhanced during training, such that increased calcium facilitates and shapes the critical cAMP pattern. Here, we demonstrate, in vitro, that olfactory nerve stimulation, at sniffing frequencies, paired with beta-adrenoceptor activation, potentiates olfactory nerve-evoked mitral cell firing. This potentiation is blocked by a NMDAR antagonist and by increased inhibition. Glomerular disinhibition also induces NMDAR-sensitive potentiation. In vivo, in parallel, behavioral learning is prevented by glomerular infusion of an NMDAR antagonist or a GABA(A) receptor agonist. A glomerular GABA(A) receptor antagonist paired with odor can induce NMDAR-dependent learning. The NMDA GluN1 subunit is phosphorylated in odor-specific glomeruli within 5 min of training suggesting early activation, and enhanced calcium entry, during acquisition. The GluN1 subunit is down-regulated 3 h after learning; and at 24 h post-training the GluN2B subunit is down-regulated. These events may assist memory stability. Ex vivo experiments using bulbs from trained rat pups reveal an increase in the AMPA/NMDA EPSC ratio post-training, consistent with an increase in AMPA receptor insertion and/or the decrease in NMDAR subunits. These results support a model of a cAMP/NMDA interaction in generating rat pup odor preference learning. 相似文献
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Qinlong Ma Chunhai Chen Ping Deng Gang Zhu Min Lin Lei Zhang Shangcheng Xu Mindi He Yonghui Lu Weixia Duan Huifeng Pi Zhengwang Cao Liping Pei Min Li Chuan Liu Yanwen Zhang Min Zhong Zhou Zhou Zhengping Yu 《PloS one》2016,11(3)
Exposure to extremely low-frequency electromagnetic fields (ELF-EMFs) can enhance hippocampal neurogenesis in adult mice. However, little is focused on the effects of ELF-EMFs on embryonic neurogenesis. Here, we studied the potential effects of ELF-EMFs on embryonic neural stem cells (eNSCs). We exposed eNSCs to ELF-EMF (50 Hz, 1 mT) for 1, 2, and 3 days with 4 hours per day. We found that eNSC proliferation and maintenance were significantly enhanced after ELF-EMF exposure in proliferation medium. ELF-EMF exposure increased the ratio of differentiated neurons and promoted the neurite outgrowth of eNSC-derived neurons without influencing astrocyes differentiation and the cell apoptosis. In addition, the expression of the proneural genes, NeuroD and Ngn1, which are crucial for neuronal differentiation and neurite outgrowth, was increased after ELF-EMF exposure. Moreover, the expression of transient receptor potential canonical 1 (TRPC1) was significantly up-regulated accompanied by increased the peak amplitude of intracellular calcium level induced by ELF-EMF. Furthermore, silencing TRPC1 expression eliminated the up-regulation of the proneural genes and the promotion of neuronal differentiation and neurite outgrowth induced by ELF-EMF. These results suggest that ELF-EMF exposure promotes the neuronal differentiation and neurite outgrowth of eNSCs via up-regulation the expression of TRPC1 and proneural genes (NeuroD and Ngn1). These findings also provide new insights in understanding the effects of ELF-EMF exposure on embryonic brain development. 相似文献