抗冻蛋白结构与抗冻机制

抗冻蛋白(amifreeze proteins,AFPs)是20世纪60年代从极地鱼血淋巴中分离的一种大分子抗冻剂,迄今为止科学工作者已从陆地昆虫、植物、细菌和真菌等各类生物中分离到多种抗冻蛋白,并测得了它们的基因序列及一些晶体结构,近些年的工作主要集中在该类蛋白质抗冻机制的研究上。抗冻蛋白具有广泛的应用前景,它不但可以应用于食物的冷鲜贮存及移植器官的低温保存,还可通过转基因提高经济作物的抗冻能力。     

克鲁斯假丝酵母及其近似种的脉冲电泳核型分析

用钳位均匀电场脉冲电泳(CHEF)系统分析了克鲁斯假丝酵母(Candida krusei),郎比可假丝酵母(C. lambica)和粗状假丝酵母(C. valiad)的模式菌株的电泳核型,发现这三种表型相似的假丝酵母却具有互不相同的染色体DNA分子带型,为其分类学研究提供了可靠的鉴别依据。在常规分类学研究的基础上,测定了AS 2.75(原定种名为(C. incospicua),AS2.1182(原定种名为 C. lambica)和AS 2.1772(未定种)等三株假丝酵母的G+C含量和脉冲电泳核型。通过对已报道的C. inconspicu的G+C含量及上述三种假丝酵母模式菌株的脉冲电泳核型的比较分析证明,AS 2.75和AS 2.1772为粗状假丝酵母(C. valida),AS 2.1182为克鲁斯假丝酵母(C. krusei)。     

声波刺激对猕猴桃愈伤组织ATP含量的影响

采用单因子实验设计,分别先固定作为交变应力的声波的频率或强度这两个参数中的一个,而改变另一个指标的值,用声波刺激木本植物中华猕猴桃(Actinidiachinensis)茎段的愈伤组织,并测定对比声波处理前后其ATP含量及变化情况。实验结果表明,声波对猕猴桃愈伤组织ATP的含量有着比较明显的增强或抑制的双重效应,适度的声场刺激将有利于提高植物的能量代谢水平,其中,最适的声波频率为1000Hz,最适声强为100dB左右 。     

切应力对内皮细胞膜微粘度的影响

目的：研究切应力对内皮细胞（EC）膜微粘度的影响。材料和方法：将EC置于脉动循环装置中,分别施加15dyne/cm^2,50dyne/cm^2,30Odyne/cm^2切应力,作用Oh,1h,2h,4h,6h,10h后,利用带偏振器的荧光分光光度计测量膜微粘度,结果：切应力使膜微粘度增加,且切应力越高,膜微粘度增加幅度越大。切应力作用4h,EC膜微粘度升至最高,4h-10h,膜微粘度开始缓慢恢复,但仍比静态对照显著升高,结论：在切应力作用下,EC膜微粘度增加,切应力是AS的致病因素,动脉狭窄处和大中动脉分叉处是AS好发的危险部位,也是防治的重点。     

The role of GSK3beta in the development of the central nervous system

Glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK3β) is a multifunctional serine/threonine kinase.It is particularly abundant in the developing central nervous system (CNS).Since GSK3β has diverse substrates ranging fr...     

PI3KγmRNA 3′非翻译区可能存在基因表达负调控区

为探索人磷脂酰肌醇 3 激酶γ(phosphoinositide 3 kinasePI3Kγ)基因 3′端非翻译区内AU富含区是否在基因表达调控中起作用 ,首先通过生物信息学分析发现在其 3′端非翻译区 (UTR)内存在0 9kb的AU富含区 ,其中包括 4个AU富含元件 ,以及 1个与众多基因非翻译区高度同源的长 130个碱基的区域 .将AU富含区插入报告基因egfp的下游构建pcDNA3 egfp AUR表达载体 .将表达载体转导NIH 3T3,74 0 2及K5 6 2细胞 ,流式细胞检测egfp的表达情况 .PI3Kγ基因 3′非翻译区AU富含区可显著降低egfp的表达 2～ 3倍 (P <0 0 1) .利用放线菌素D阻断RNA转录后 ,Northern印迹分析结果显示egfp AURmRNA较egfpmRNA不稳定 .实验结果提示 ,PI3Kγ基因 3′非翻译区AU富含区内可能存在转录后水平的基因表达负调控区 ,该负调控区可在一定程度上加速mRNA的衰变     

A novel compound derived from danshensu inhibits apoptosis via upregulation of heme oxygenase-1 expression in SH-SY5Y cells

Background

Heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) has potential anti-apoptotic properties. A novel compound [4-(2-acetoxy-3-((R)-3-(benzylthio)-1-methoxy-1-oxopropan-2- ylamino)-3-oxopropyl)-1,2-phenylene diacetate (DSC)] was synthesized by joining danshensu and cysteine through an appropriate linker. This study investigated if the cytoprotective properties of DSC involved the induction of HO-1.

Methods

We evaluated the cytoprotective effects of DSC on H₂O₂-induced cell damage, apoptosis, intracellular and mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨ_m) loss, and apoptosis-related proteins expression and its underlying mechanisms.

Results

DSC concentration-dependently attenuated cell death, lactate dehydrogenase release, intracellular and mitochondrial ROS production, and ΔΨ_m collapse, modulated apoptosis-related proteins (Bcl-2, Bax, caspase-3, p53, and cleaved PARP) expression, and inhibited phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 in SH-SY5Y cells induced by H₂O₂. In addition, DSC concentration-dependently induced HO-1 expression associated with nuclear translocation of nuclear factor-erythroid 2 related factor 2 (Nrf-2), while the effect of DSC was inhibited by a phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) inhibitor LY294002. Furthermore, the protective effect of DSC on H₂O₂-induced cell death was abolished by HO-1 inhibitor ZnPP, but was mimicked by carbon monoxide-releasing moiety CORM-3 or HO-1 by-product bilirubin. Finally, DSC inhibited H₂O₂-induced changes of Bcl-2, Bax, and caspase-3 expression, and all of these effects were reversed by HO-1 silencing.

Conclusions

Induction of HO-1 may be, at least in part, responsible for the anti-apoptotic property of DSC, an effect that involved the activation of PI3K/Akt/Nrf-2 axis.

General significance

DSC might have the potential for beneficial therapeutic interventions for neurodegenerative diseases.     

长白山北坡土壤动物群落物种共有度的海拔梯度变化

群落间各生活型土壤动物科及所有土壤动物科的共有度,一定程度上反映了群落间的相关性及沿环境梯度的物种替代关系。应用梯度格局法在长白山北坡海拔550～2650m地段,每隔100m海拔高度设置一块样地,共计22块样地,并应用Jaccard指数,对各海拔不同土壤动物群落间物种共有度的海拔梯度变化进行了分析。结果表明,不同海拔土壤动物群落间物种的共有度,无论以哪一生活层的土壤动物科来表达,基本都以与其最相邻的群落间为最高,群落间物种共有度峰值与谷点反映了群落类型随海拔具有间断性变化。线虫、甲螨、弹尾等各生活型土壤动物的共有度以及所有土壤动物科的共有度,均随着海拔差的增加呈下降趋势,但并非与植被情况完全吻合。     

Peptide models of four possible insulin folding intermediates with two disulfides

The single-chain insulin (PIP) can spontaneously fold into native structure through preferred kinetic intermediates. During refolding, pairing of the first disulfide A20-B19 is highly specific, whereas pairing of the second disulfide is likely random because two two-disulfide intermediates have been trapped. To get more details of pairing property of the second disulfide, four model peptides of possible folding intermediates with two disulfides were prepared by protein engineering, and their properties were analyzed. The four model peptides were named [A20-B19, A7-B7]PIP, [A20-B19, A6-B7]PIP, [A20-B19, A6-A11]PIP, and [A20-B19, A7-A11]PIP according to their remaining disulfides. The four model peptides all adopt partially folded structure with moderate conformational differences. In redox buffer, the disulfides of the model peptides are more easily reduced than those of the wild-type PIP. During in vitro refolding, the reduced model peptides share similar relative folding rates but different folding yields: The refolding efficiency of the reduced [A20-B19, A7-A11]PIP is about threefold lower than that of the other three peptides. The present results indicate that the folding intermediates corresponding to the present model peptides all adopt partially folded conformation, and can be formed during PIP refolding, but the chance of forming the intermediate with disulfide [A20-B19, A7-A11] is much lower than that of forming the other three intermediates.     

自然保护区管理快速评价和优先性确定方法及应用

自然保护区管理有效性评价现已成为关注的焦点,它是保证自然保护区管理质量,实现保护区管理目标的有效途径,自然保护区管理快速评价和优先性确定(RAPPAM)方法是其中应用比较广泛的方法之一。本文在对RAPPAM方法的评价指标和评价特点研究的基础上,结合8个国家的应用实例,对此方法评价范围、评价目的、评价结果及对策建议进行了分析。结果表明,通过此评价方法可以：1)快速确定保护区系统面临的威胁和保护区系统的功能;2)提出和制定后续行动及建议;3)为政策制定者提供依据。因此,RAPPAM方法的认识与应用,对于了解和改善我国自然保护区的管理现状具有重要意义。