迷宫漏斗蛛Agelena labyrinthica的染色体(蜘蛛目:漏斗蛛科)

报告迷宫漏斗蛛的染色体数目、形态结构和性染色体组成。结果表明,迷宫漏斗蛛体细胞染色体数目是:雄性2n=42,雌性2n=44,性别决定机制属X_1X_2O型。X染色体是全部染色体中最长的和最短的2个(对)。染色体似乎均为端或亚端着丝粒染色体,这由C-显带标本分析所证实,没有亚中着丝粒染色体的证据。C-带标本分析表明,常染色体中,各条染色体的C-带纹,其大小和染色深浅无明显差异,但X_2染色体上有明显宽的C-带纹。C-显带处理没有得到稳定的有重复性的带纹。     

GM_3对小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞磷脂代谢转换率的影响

神经节苷脂ＧＭ_３对小鼠腹腔常驻巨噬细胞（Ｒ－Ｍ）和Ｇｅ－１３２体内激活的巨噬细胞（Ｇｅ－１３２－Ｍ）的磷脂代谢转换有显著的影响,当这两种Ｍ在体外用ＧＭ_３处理时,表现出［￣（３２）Ｐ］Ｐｉ和［￣３Ｈ］肌醇参入ＰＩ降低,参入ＰＩＰ、ＰＩＰ_２增加;但在［￣（３２）Ｐ］Ｐｉ和［￣３Ｈ］胆碱参入ＰＣ上,Ｒ－Ｍ与Ｇｅ－１３２－Ｍ不同,即ＧＭ_３促进同位素前体参入Ｒ－Ｍ的ＰＣ,抑制它们参入Ｇｅ－１３２－Ｍ的ＰＣ．以上结果表明ＧＭ３可能提高了ＰＩ或ＰＩＰ的磷酸激酶的活性,致使［￣（３２）Ｐ］ＰＩＰ和［￣（３２）Ｐ］ＰＩＰ_２增多,［￣（３２）Ｐ］ＰＩ减少．激活的Ｍ（Ｇｅ－１３２－Ｍ）本身ＰＣ代谢转换率较Ｒ－Ｍ高,当Ｇｅ－１３２－Ｍ再受ＧＭ_３刺激,ＰＣ代谢转换率降低,这提示ＧＭ_３对激活的Ｍ的ＰＣ代谢转换有调节作用．     

Isolation of mitochondrial DNA sequences that distinguish male-sterility-inducing cytoplasms in Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench

We have demonstrated that sorghum DNA sequences of mitochondrial origin can be used to distinguish different male-sterility-inducing cytoplasms. Six DNA clones containing single-copy mitochondrial sequences were hybridized on Southern blots to restriction enzyme-digested DNA of 28 sorghum lines representing sources of different cytoplasmic male-sterility (CMS) groups. Four cytoplasmic types were defined on the basis of the pattern of DNA fragments detected. Similar analyses of 50 additional diverse sorghum accessions suggested that three of the four cytoplasmic types may be diagnostic for CMS. Also, three other cytoplasmic types were discovered. These and other mitochondrial DNA clones may be useful molecular tools for “fingerprinting” sterility-inducing cytoplasms in breeding programs, determining cytoplasmic diversity among germ plasm accessions, and identifying new sources of cytoplasm that induce male sterility.     

Vero细胞毒素大肠菌（VTEC）的分离及表型和分子生物学特性的研究

２６株Ｖｅｒｏ细胞毒素（ＶＴ）阳性大肠菌,经分子生物学鉴定表明,其中１４株与ＥＨＥＣ探针杂交阳性,按Ｌｅｖｉｎｅ等的标准判定属产Ｖｅｒｏ细胞毒素大肠菌（ＶＴＥＣ）,其血清型为Ｏ_１５７：Ｈ_７３株（血便２株,脓血便１株）,Ｏ_２５７ＮＭ３株（血便１株,腹泻牛便２株）,Ｏ_２９样便１株）;其余１２株虽ＶＴ毒素阳性,但ＥＨＥＣ探针阴性,按标准判定尚难确认,有待进一步研究。     

Characterization of mechanosensitive channels in Escherichia coli cytoplasmic membrane by whole-cell patch clamp recording

Whole-cell patch clamp recordings were done on giant protoplasts of Escherichia coli. The pressure sensitivity of the protoplasts was studied. Two different unit conductance mechanosensitive channels, 1100 ± 25 pS and 350 ± 14 pS in 400 mm symmetric KCl solution, were observed upon either applying positive pressure to the interior of the cells or down shocking the cells osmotically. The 1100 pS conductance channel discriminated poorly among the monovalent ions tested and it was permeable to Ca²⁺ and glutamate^?. Both of the two channels were sensitive to the osmotic gradient across the membrane; the unit conductances of the channels remained constant while the mean current of the cell was increased by increasing the osmotic gradient. Both of the channels were voltage sensitive. Voltage-ramp results showed that the pressure sensitivity of protoplasts was voltage dependent: there were more channels active upon depolarization than hyperpolarization. The mech anosensitive channels were reversibly blocked by gadolinium ion. Also they could reversibly be inhibited by protons. Mutations in two of the potassium efflux systems, KefB and KefC, did not affect the channel activity, while a null mutation in the gene for KefA changed the channel activity significantly. This indicates a potential modulation of these channels by KefA.     

为害枣树一菱纹叶蝉新种

为害枣树一菱纹叶蝉新种蔡平（安徽农学院园艺系合肥２３００３６）崔士英（河北师范大学生物系石家庄０５００１６）葛钟麟（安徽农学院植保系合肥２３００３６）菱纹叶蝉属（Ｈｉｓｈｉ。。ｏｎｕｓＩｓｈｉｈａｒａ。１９５３）隶属于同翅目（ＨｏｍｏＰｔｅｒａ）ｎ十...     

phbB,phbC基因克隆,序列分析及植物表达载体的构建

利用聚合酶链式反应技术,从真养产碱杆菌Ａｌｃａｌｉｇｅｎｅｓ ｅｕｔｒｏｐｈｕｓ Ｈ１６染色体ＤＮＡ中的主增并克隆了调控聚－β－羧基丁酸生物合成的两个关键酶基因;依赖ＮＡＤＰＨ的乙酰乙酰ＣｏＡ还原酶基因和ＰＨＢ合成酶基因。限制性内切酶图谱和核苷酸序列分析证实了克隆结果,并表明所克隆的基因与国外报道的有很高的同源性。     

Localization of binding site for encephalomyocarditis virus RNA polymerase in the 3'-noncoding region of the viral RNA.

We previously showed that encephalomyocarditis (EMC) virus RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (3Dpol) binds specifically to 3'-terminal segments of EMC virus RNA. This binding, which depends on both the 3'-noncoding region (3'-NCR) and 3'-poly (A) tail [together denoted 3'-NCR(A)], may be an important step in the initiation of virus replication. In this paper, the 3'-NCR and 3'-poly(A) were separately transcribed then mixed, but no complex with 3Dpol was obtained, showing that covalent attachment of the 3'-poly(A) to the 3'-NCR is essential for complex formation. Mutational and deletion analyses localized a critical determinant of 3Dpol binding to a U-rich sequence located 38-49 nucleotides upstream of the 3'-poly(A). Similar analyses led to the identification of a sequence of A residues between positions +10 and +15 of the 3'-poly(A) which are also critical for 3Dpol binding. As U-rich and A-rich regions are important for 3Dpol binding, a speculative model is proposed in which 3Dpol induces and stabilizes the base-pairing of the 3'-poly(A) with the adjacent U-rich sequence to form an unusual pseudoknot structure to which 3Dpol binds with high affinity.     

茶尺蠖人工饲料的研究

本报道饲养茶尺蠖(Ectropis obliqua hypulina Wehrli)的5种人工饲料及其饲养方法．5种人工饲料均可用于大规模饲养一代幼虫．其中62号配方可用于续代饲养,在实验室内饲养5代的结果表明。效果良好．在饲料成分的加工．配制及饲养方法等方面．较前人有相当大的改进,因而叶因子用量减少,幼虫历期缩短．用人工饲料饲养的幼虫历期为13-20天。基本接近以茶叶饲养的对照(11—18天)．实验结果还表明饲料含水量．饲养方法．饲养密度和添加饲料的次数不同,对茶尺蠖的生长发育有明显的影响．初龄幼虫用平面培养基倒置饲养和高龄幼虫用片状饲料正置饲养为最佳方法．     

[B10,22-Asp,B25-Tyr-NH2]-去β链C端五肽胰岛素的合成和性质

本文报道了[B10,22-Asp,B25-Tyr-NH2]-去B链羧端五肽胰岛素的制备及其生物活性。结果表明,这一类似物的生物活力比去五肽胰岛素(DPI)的活力高一倍,但却比Gerald所报道的[B10-Asp,B25-Tyr-NH_2]-DPI的活力低很多,说明后者的高活性可能依赖于分子中B22-Arg的存在。