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91.
Tang ZX Yang ZJ Fu SL Yang MY Li GR Zhang HQ Tan FQ Ren Z 《Journal of applied genetics》2011,52(1):31-33
A repetitive sequence of 491 bp, named pMD232-500, was isolated from S. cereale cv. Kustro using wheat SSR marker Xgwm232. GenBank BLAST search revealed that the sequence of pMD232-500 was highly similar to a part of retrotransposon Nusif-1.
Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) analysis using pMD232-500 as probe indicated that only 14 Thinopyrum intermedium chromosomes and all the chromosomes of S. cereale cv. Kustro bear FISH signals, however, no FISH signals were observed on Dasypyrum villosum chromosomes. In addition, the FISH signals were distributed on whole arms except their terminal regions. Further genomic
in situ hybridization (GISH) analysis using genomic DNA from Pseudoroegneria spicata indicated that the 14 Th. intermedium chromosomes bearing FISH signals should belong to J genome. Thereafter, the repetitive elements pMD232-500 showed the unambiguous
features of genomic constitution of Th. intermedium. In addition, the results in the present study have indicated the similarity of genomes from Th. intermedium and S. cereale. 相似文献
92.
基于王朗国家级自然保护区1997—2009年的连续监测数据,利用分布频率法和Bai-ley法,从地形因子、森林群落结构和主食竹3个方面研究了大熊猫的生境选择特征.结果表明:王朗国家级自然保护区的大熊猫对生境具有明显的选择性.在地形上,多选择海拔在2500~3000 m的山体脊部、上部和中部的均匀坡和凸坡,坡向西南,坡度在6°~30°,与水源距离>300 m的环境;森林群落结构上,多选择起源为次生林、针阔混交林,微生境为竹林的生境,乔木平均高度在20~29 m,灌木盖度在0~24%;主食竹多选择平均高度在2~5 m,竹丛盖度>50%,混生,生长状况良好的缺苞箭竹. 相似文献
93.
94.
A method is described for the preparation of both Factor X1 and Factor X2 from citrated bovine blood. The proteins from the plasma were first adsorbed on barium citrate by adding barium chloride solution. The precipitate formed was stirred with citrate/NaOH pH 6.9 buffer; barium and other clotting factors were removed by adding ammonium sulphate (up to 30% saturation) to the suspension. The Factor X was then precipitated by 65% ammonium sulphate, after resolution in citrate buffer chromatographed on DEAE-Sephadex and purified by rechromatography on DEAE-Sephadex and DEAE-Sepharose, respectively. This yielded Factor X1 and Factor X2 with respective purifications of about 16 000 and 24 000-fold that of the plasma. The apparent molecular mass of both Factor X1 and Factor X2 was 55 kDa as estimated by the sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Factor X2 had a higher specific biological activity of about 340 000 units/mg compared to that of Factor X1 of about 230 000 units/mg. 相似文献
95.
Li H Jin G Qin J Tian M Shi J Yang W Tan X Zhang X Zou L 《Histochemistry and cell biology》2011,136(5):515-526
During the central nervous system (CNS) development, radial glia cells (RGCs) play at least two essential roles, they contribute
to neuronal production and the subsequent guidance of neuronal migration, whereas its precise distribution and contribution
to cerebral cortex remains less understood. In this research, we used Vimentin as an astroglial marker and Sox2 as a neural
progenitor marker to identify and investigate RGCs in rat cerebral cortex at embryonic day (E) 16.5. We found that the Sox2+
progenitor cells localized in the germinal zone (GZ) of E16.5 cerebral cortex, ~95% Sox2+ cells co-localized with Vimentin+
or Nestin+ radial processes which extended to the pial surface across the cortical plate (CP). In vitro, we obtained RG-like
cells from E16.5 cerebral cortex on adherent conditions, these Sox2+ Radial glia (RG)-like cells shared some properties with
RGCs in vivo, and these Sox2+ RG-like cells could differentiate into astrocytes, oligodendrocytes and presented the radial
glia—neuron lineage differentiation ability. Taken together, we identified and investigated some characterizations and properties
of Sox2+ RGCs derived from E16.5 cerebral cortex, we suggested that the embryonic Sox2+ progenitor cells which located in
the cortical GZ were mainly composed of Sox2+ RGCs, and the cortex-derived Sox2+ RG-like cells displayed the radial glia—neuron
lineage differentiation ability as neuronal progenitors in vitro. 相似文献
96.
Kwek Yan Chong Richard T. Corlett Darren C. J. Yeo Hugh T. W. Tan 《Biological invasions》2011,13(7):1571-1577
Worldwide spread and establishment of alien plant species continues to accelerate and damage ecological and agricultural systems.
Early warning and prevention of high-risk introductions is the most cost-effective approach to minimise losses while maximising
benefits, and the Australian Weed Risk Assessment (A-WRA) system has been the most well-developed and successful predictive
scheme. However, any system would be limited if the results or scores were confined to the locality of assessment. We compiled
A-WRA scores conducted in four tropical to sub-tropical regions and tested the accuracy of these scores for predicting naturalisations
for a separate well-documented, equatorial, exotic flora where weed risk assessments have never been conducted. Receiver Operating
Characteristic (ROC) curves reflect high accuracies of predictions, comparable to those in other studies. No significant differences
in accuracy were found between each regional subset and the compiled set of scores. Our results show that A-WRA scores assessed
at one locality can be used for others of similar climate, increasing the utility of every species’ assessment. A global database
of A-WRA scores would enable rapid local decision-making in border controls on imported plant species. A growing record of
species assessments would also facilitate monitoring evolutionary and ecological aspects of invasive species. 相似文献
97.
Macronutrients, such as protein or amino acid, not only supply calories but some components may also play as signaling molecules
to affect feeding behavior, energy balance, and fuel efficiency. Leucine, a branched-chain amino acid is a good example. After
structural roles are satisfied, the ability of leucine to function as signal and oxidative substrate is based on a sufficient
intracellular concentration. Therefore, leucine level must be sufficiently high to play the signaling and metabolic roles.
Leucine is not only a substrate for protein synthesis of skeletal muscle, but also plays more roles beyond that. Leucine activates
signaling factor of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) to promote protein synthesis in skeletal muscle and in adipose tissue.
It is also a major regulator of the mTOR sensitive response of food intake to high protein diet. Meanwhile, leucine regulates
blood glucose level by promoting gluconeogenesis and aids in the retention of lean mass in a hypocaloric state. It is beneficial
to animal nutrition and clinical application and extrapolation to humans. 相似文献
98.
Ayyalusamy Ramamoorthy Sathiah Thennarasu Anmin Tan Carol Clayberger 《生物化学与生物物理学报:生物膜》2006,1758(2):154-163
A 15-residue peptide dimer G15 derived from the cell lytic protein granulysin has been shown to exert potent activity against microbes, including E. coli, but not against human Jurkat cells [Z. Wang, E. Choice, A. Kaspar, D. Hanson, S. Okada, S.C. Lyu, A.M. Krensky, C. Clayberger, Bactericidal and tumoricidal activities of synthetic peptides derived from granulysin. J. Immunol. 165 (2000) 1486-1490]. We investigated the target membrane selectivity of G15 using fluorescence, circular dichroism and 31P NMR methods. The ANS uptake assay shows that the extent of E. coli outer membrane disruption depends on G15 concentration. 31P NMR spectra obtained from E. coli total lipid bilayers incorporated with G15 show disruption of lipid bilayers. Fluorescence binding studies on the interaction of G15 with synthetic liposomes formed of E. coli lipids suggest a tight binding of the peptide at the membrane interface. The peptide also binds to negatively charged POPC/POPG (3:1) lipid vesicles but fails to insert deep into the membrane interior. These results are supported by the peptide-induced changes in the measured isotropic chemical shift and T1 values of POPG in 3:1 POPC:POPG multilamellar vesicles while neither a non-lamellar phase nor a fragmentation of bilayers was observed from NMR studies. The circular dichroism studies reveal that the peptide exists as a random coil in solution but folds into a less ordered conformation upon binding to POPC/POPG (3:1) vesicles. However, G15 does not bind to lipid vesicles made of POPC/POPG/Chl (9:1:1) mixture, mimicking tumor cell membrane. These results explain the susceptibility of E. coli and the resistance of human Jurkat cells to G15, and may have implications in designing membrane-selective therapeutic agents. 相似文献
99.
Decidual NK cells alter in vitro first trimester extravillous cytotrophoblast migration: a role for IFN-gamma 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Hu Y Dutz JP MacCalman CD Yong P Tan R von Dadelszen P 《Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950)》2006,177(12):8522-8530
Abnormal placentation results in either inadequate (consequences: recurrent miscarriage, intrauterine growth restriction, and preeclampsia) or overzealous (consequences: placenta accreta, increta, and percreta) placentation. NK cells dominate in first trimester decidua and probably control extravillous cytotrophoblast (EVT) invasion. We examined this interaction in a novel way, using NK cells and villous explants from concordant first trimester pregnancies cocultured using a new collagen (two-dimensional) model of placentation. Decidual NK (dNK) cells exerted contact-independent inhibition of normal cytotrophoblast migration, associated with changes in the cytotrophoblast expression of metalloproteases-2 and -9, and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1. dNK cells did not affect EVT proliferation and apoptosis, and cell column formation. dNK cell effects were partially reversed by neutralizing Abs against IFN-gamma. We provide ex vivo human evidence of a direct role for dNK in modulating EVT differentiation as they form columns and then migrate from anchoring villi. 相似文献
100.
Dan E. Robertson Jennifer A. Chaplin Grace DeSantis Mircea Podar Mark Madden Ellen Chi Toby Richardson Aileen Milan Mark Miller David P. Weiner Kelvin Wong Jeff McQuaid Bob Farwell Lori A. Preston Xuqiu Tan Marjory A. Snead Martin Keller Eric Mathur Patricia L. Kretz Mark J. Burk Jay M. Short 《Applied microbiology》2004,70(4):2429-2436
Nitrilases are important in the biosphere as participants in synthesis and degradation pathways for naturally occurring, as well as xenobiotically derived, nitriles. Because of their inherent enantioselectivity, nitrilases are also attractive as mild, selective catalysts for setting chiral centers in fine chemical synthesis. Unfortunately, <20 nitrilases have been reported in the scientific and patent literature, and because of stability or specificity shortcomings, their utility has been largely unrealized. In this study, 137 unique nitrilases, discovered from screening of >600 biotope-specific environmental DNA (eDNA) libraries, were characterized. Using culture-independent means, phylogenetically diverse genomes were captured from entire biotopes, and their genes were expressed heterologously in a common cloning host. Nitrilase genes were targeted in a selection-based expression assay of clonal populations numbering 106 to 1010 members per eDNA library. A phylogenetic analysis of the novel sequences discovered revealed the presence of at least five major sequence clades within the nitrilase subfamily. Using three nitrile substrates targeted for their potential in chiral pharmaceutical synthesis, the enzymes were characterized for substrate specificity and stereospecificity. A number of important correlations were found between sequence clades and the selective properties of these nitrilases. These enzymes, discovered using a high-throughput, culture-independent method, provide a catalytic toolbox for enantiospecific synthesis of a variety of carboxylic acid derivatives, as well as an intriguing library for evolutionary and structural analyses. 相似文献