Halobates collected during the circumnavigational expedition 'Operation Drake'

Samples of marine pleuston were collected from the sea-surface along considerable sections of the track of Eye of the Wind during its 2-year circumnavigational expedition 'Operation Drake' from November 1978 to October 1980. One hundred and eleven of the tow samples contained insects of the genus Halobates . They were assigned to four oceanic species: H. micans, H. sericeus, H. germanus and H. splendens; two coastal species: H. maculatus, H. princeps, and one undescribed species. Various development stages of the oceanic species were found. The locations, time of collection and surface temperatures where sea-skaters were collected are tabulated. Distributional boundaries and population densities of the oceanic species collected are discussed.     

Gene expression profile in immunologically injured liver cell of mice

To study the gene expression profiles between immunologically injured liver cell and normal liver cell of mice and to screen on a large scale the differentially expressed genes associated with the formation of liver injury, the experimental mice were randomly divided into the normal group for controlling and the immunologically liver-injured group induced by BCG and LPS. The liver mRNA of the two groups were extracted respectively and reversely-transcribed to cDNA with the incorporation of different fluorescence (Cy3, Cy5) labeled dUTP as the hybridization probes. The mixed probes were hybridized to the cDNA microarray chips. The fluorescent signal results were acquired by scanner ScanArray 4000 and analyzed with software GenePix Pro 3.0. Among the 14112 target genes, 293 genes were found to be significantly differentially expressed, in which 188 genes were up-regulated and 105 genes were down-regulated. Based on the analysis of biological functions of those differentially expressed genes, it was indicated that the occurrence and development of mouse liver damage induced by BCG and LPS were highly correlated with the processes of immune reactions, cell synthesis, metabolism, apoptosis and transportation in liver cell, which might be quite important for elucidating the regulatory network of gene expression associated with the liver damage, also important for finally discovering the pathogenic mechanisms of immunological liver damage.     

通过染色体外同源重组建立乳腺中表达外源基因的转基因小鼠

为研究染色体外重组方法在创建转基因动物中的应用,选取牛asl酪蛋白基因的5′及3′侧翼区和氯霉素乙酰化酶编码区,构建了两个具有3 kb相互重叠的融合基因.将这两个DNA片段末端脱磷酸后,以摩尔比1:1的比例混合,通过显微注射导入小鼠受精原核,最后获得了11个品系的转基因小鼠.对其中10个品系的小鼠的整合分析表明,所注射的两个DNA片段均发生了染色体外同源重组,而且除了 1个品系的小鼠丢失了大约1kb的序列外,其余品系小鼠的重组产物与预想的结构符合.在当代和后代的转基因小鼠乳汁中均可测到氯霉素乙酰化酶的活性.这表明融合基因在转基因小鼠乳腺中得到表达和分泌,也说明显微共注射两个相互重叠的基因片段是建立转基因动物的一个可行途径.     

Isolation of an Unusually Stable Cis-Isomer of Alloxanthin from a Bleached Autolysed Culture of Chroomonas salina Grown Photoheterotrophically on Glycerol. Observations on Cis-Trans Isomerization of Alloxanthin

SYNOPSIS. A new carotenoid, manixanthin , was isolated from a bleached, autolysed culture of the marine cryptomonad Chroomonas salina grown on glycerol in light, after the culture showed disappearance of the chlorophylls and carotenoids normally produced. Manixanthin lacked carbonyl, ester, and epoxy groups in chemical tests, whilst its spectroscopic properties indicated a conjugated nonaene chromophore. In its chromatographic mobility, manixanthin closely resembled alloxanthin, the major normal xanthophyll of the cryptomonad. The iodine-catalysed photostereomutation of manixanthin produced the same equilibrium mixture of cis -isomers as that given by similar treatment of alloxanthin. This mixture of isomers completely lacked the all-trans alloxanthin and contained ∼60% manixanthin. It was concluded that manixanthin is an unusually stable cis -isomer of alloxanthin, and is presumably produced in the culture medium by the action of light on alloxanthin released by autolysed cells of the cryptomonad. The unusual stability of manixanthin relative to alloxanthin was investigated by effecting partial stereoisomerizations under conditions using either of heat, light, or iodine, and evidence was obtained for a series of at least 10 isomers with a trend of stability increase from alloxanthin to manixanthin. It was inferred that manixanthin may be 9,9'-di cis -alloxanthin.     

杭州地区发酵乳制品中乳酸菌发生耐药传播的安全性研究

目的对杭州地区市售发酵乳制品中分离鉴定的乳酸菌进行耐药传播的安全性分析,旨在揭示发酵乳制品中是否存在可传递耐药基因的超级耐药菌。方法自行分离鉴定的耐药乳酸菌,提取质粒并电泳分析是否存在质粒;以耐受叠氮化钠的大肠埃希菌J53作为受体菌进行质粒接合试验;若乳酸菌存在耐药现象,发现存在耐药质粒,且耐药性可通过质粒传播,评定为3级。乳酸菌存在耐药现象,发现存在耐药质粒,但接合试验未能证明耐药性可通过质粒传播,评定为2级。乳酸菌存在耐药现象,但未检测出耐药质粒,评定为1级。结果美丽健产品中分离的双歧杆菌（MLJ-G-2）和乳杆菌（MLJ-G-1）检测出含有质粒,但不会发生耐药转移,三种菌耐药危害等级分别为2、2、1。伊利产品中分离的双歧杆菌（YL-G-3）、乳杆菌（YL-G-1）、嗜热链球菌（YL-Q）检测出含有质粒,但不会发生耐药转移,四种菌耐药危害等级分别为2、2、1、2。味全产品中分离的双歧杆菌（WQ-G-3）、乳杆菌（WQ-G-1）、乳杆菌（WQ-G-2）、嗜热链球菌（WQ-Q）均检测出含有质粒,其中乳杆菌（WQ-G-1）、乳杆菌（WQ-G-2）会发生耐药转移,四种菌耐药危害等级分别为2、3、3、2。光明产品中分离的乳杆菌（GM-G-2）、乳杆菌（GM-G-3）、嗜热链球菌（GMQ）检测出含有质粒,乳杆菌（GM-G-2）会发生耐药转移,四种菌耐药危害等级分别为2、1、3、2。蒙牛产品中只分离的嗜热链球菌（MN-Q）检测出含有质粒,不会发生耐药转移,耐药危害等级为2。结论发酵乳制品中分离所得的乳酸菌81.2%的菌能检测出质粒,耐药性可能与质粒相关,存在潜在的生物安全威胁;18.8%的菌的耐药性可通过质粒接合发生传播,存在直接的生物安全威胁。     

莳萝蒿适应盐渍环境的Na~+区域化方式和生理特征

莳萝蒿是广泛分布在我国北方的一种特殊类型的菊科盐生植物,阐明莳萝蒿特殊的耐盐机制和生理特征有助于丰富植物抗盐性研究的内容。用0、100、200、300、400 mmol/L Na Cl处理莳萝蒿7 d后,比较莳萝蒿盐处理植株与对照植株在生长和生理方面的差异,并详细分析了Na+在莳萝蒿体内的积累水平和区域化方式。结果显示:莳萝蒿虽然能够耐受400 mmol/L Na Cl,但盐处理显著抑制了莳萝蒿的生长,整株鲜重随着盐处理浓度的升高逐渐减小。在水分生理方面,随着盐处理浓度的升高,莳萝蒿叶片细胞的渗透调节能力逐渐增强,其叶片肉质化程度却呈逐渐降低的趋势。分析盐处理对光合作用的影响发现,盐处理后莳萝蒿叶片光合速率与气孔导度显著下降,而其PSⅡ光化学活性并未受到抑制,叶绿素含量甚至逐渐增大,说明盐处理后莳萝蒿叶片光合速率的降低主要是由于气孔因素造成的,而不是由于光合结构被破坏。莳萝蒿体内的Na+含量随着盐处理浓度的升高显著增加,400 mmol/L Na Cl条件下叶、茎、根中的Na+含量分别高达321.4、242.1和182.3μmol/g鲜重;莳萝蒿体内的Na+70%以上积累在叶片内,而叶片内98%左右的Na+积累在叶片原生质体中,叶片原生质体中的Na+平均浓度是质外体1.2—1.8倍,推测其叶片细胞内存在着有效的Na+区域化机制。盐处理后莳萝蒿叶片液泡膜V-H+-ATPase的质子泵活性比对照增加了30%—50%,液泡膜Na+/H+逆向转运活性则增加至对照的4—7倍,进一步证实莳萝蒿叶片具有较强的液泡Na+区域化能力。随着盐处理浓度的升高,Na+在叶片中的分布比例相对减少,V-H+-ATPase的质子泵活性和Na+/H+逆向转运活性增幅也减缓。这种Na+区域化能力使莳萝蒿获得了较强的耐盐性,有效保护了其光系统,降低了细胞汁液渗透势。但是盐处理后这种耐盐方式并不能阻止莳萝蒿叶片肉质化程度和光合活性下降,莳萝蒿生长仍然受盐抑制,说明Na+区域化是莳萝蒿适应盐渍环境的必要条件而非充分条件。     

甘薯块根特异蛋白——Sporamin的研究进展

Sporamin是在甘薯块根中特异表达的一类特殊贮藏蛋白,它不仅具有一般贮藏蛋白的特性,而且还具有胰蛋白酶抑制剂的活性,并与甘薯块根的形成过程密切相关。本文就近年来对该块根特异蛋白的特性和功能,以及在分子生物学水平上的研究进展进行了综述。     

556例多发伤患者的急诊救治临床分析

目的探讨多发伤患者的救治策略。方法回顾分析我科2000年1月至2008年5月急诊抢救的556例多发伤患者的临床资料。结果 16例患者经抢救无效死亡,死亡率2.88%;其余患者均经紧急抢救及行必要实验室检查,病情稳定,好转率达97.12%。平均抢救时间为(1.37±1.05)h。结论强化多发伤的急诊科早期救治,树立创伤急救"黄金1 h"观念,是提高多发伤患者生存率及降低死亡率的关键。     

种子萌发过程中贮藏油脂的动员

对植物种子萌发过程中贮藏油脂动员的研究进展进行了综述。不同种子的贮藏油脂的降解途径不同。目前提出有3条途径:传统的脂酶直接水解途径;新近发现的酰基-CoA-二酯酰甘油酰基转移酶途径和脂氧合酶(LOX)途径。前两条途径不依赖于LOX。这3条途径可能在贮藏油脂动员过程中是并存的,但目前尚不知道在种子萌发过程中油脂降解是以那一条降解途径为主,以及不同的种之间是否存在差异。此外,3条降解途径目前都缺乏分子生物学的直接证据。     

不同苹果砧穗组合的生长及光合特性

以‘垂丝海棠’（Malus halliana）和‘平邑甜茶’（Malus hupehensis）为基砧,分别嫁接品种‘烟富6号’和‘长富2号’接穗,测定4种砧穗组合的嫁接亲和性、接穗生长量、光合与荧光参数及叶绿素含量（SPAD）,并用主成分分析法综合评价砧穗组合的优劣,探讨不同苹果砧穗组合嫁接苗的生长及光合特性,为西北盐碱地选择适宜的苹果砧木提供理论依据。结果表明：（1）4种砧穗组合中‘垂丝海棠/烟富6号’的上下口粗度比最接近1,嫁接亲和性最好。（2）整个生长期内,以‘垂丝海棠’为基砧的2个组合嫁接苗的生长量、净光合速率（P_n）、最大荧光（F_m）、PSⅡ最大光能转化率（F_v/F_m）均显著大于‘平邑甜茶’为基砧的组合,但其胞间CO₂浓度（C_i）及初始荧光（F₀）显著低于‘平邑甜茶’为基砧的组合;光化学猝灭系数（qP）在4种砧穗组合中无显著差异。（3）在8月份光照强度较高时,‘垂丝海棠/烟富6号’ 嫁接苗的气孔导度（G_s）高于其他砧穗组合;以‘垂丝海棠’为基砧的2个组合嫁接苗叶片的蒸腾速率（T_r）和相对叶绿素含量（SPAD）显著高于‘平邑甜茶’ 基砧组合。（4）根据主成分分析对各项指标进行综合评价,按照4个砧穗组合的综合得分由高到低依次为：‘垂丝海棠/烟富6号’、‘垂丝海棠/长富2号’、‘平邑甜茶/长富2号’、‘平邑甜茶/烟富6号’。研究发现,基砧‘垂丝海棠’的适应性优于‘平邑甜茶’,且‘垂丝海棠/烟富6号’砧穗组合的嫁接亲和性高,长势强,光合能力优,为甘肃中部地区适宜的砧穗组合。