Genomic organization and evolution of the soybean SB92 satellite sequence

Repetitive DNA sequences comprise a large percentage of plant genomes, and their characterization provides information about both species and genome evolution. We have isolated a recombinant clone containing a highly repeated DNA element (SB92) that is homologous to ca. 0.9% of the soybean genome or about 10⁵ copies. This repeated sequence is tandemly arranged and is found in four or five major genomic locations. FISH analysis of metaphase chromosomes suggests that two of these locations are centromeric. We have determined the sequence of two cloned repeats and performed genomic sequencing to obtain a consensus sequence. The consensus repeat size was 92 bp and exhibited an average of 10% nucleotide substitution relative to the two cloned repeats. This high level of sequence diversity suggests an ancient origin but is inconsistent with the limited phylogenetic distribution of SB92, which is found an high copy number only in the annual soybeans. It therefore seems likely that this sequence is undergoing very rapid evolution.     

Use of Congo red as a microscopic fluorescence indicator of hyphal growth

Congo red was found to be feasible as a microscopic fluorescence indicator of hyphal growth at the single-hypha level. When 1 m Congo red was applied to mold of Aspergillus niger, the dye was found to a specific cell-wall component, chitin, without causing any inhibitory effect on hyphal growth. The bound Congo red emitted fluorescence at 614 nm. This binding reaction, however, proceeded more slowly than the growing speed of hypha. Consequently the fluorescence intensity was low at the apex where the surface area of the hypha was expanding rapidly. In contrast, as an apex where the growth was retarded, the fluorescence intensity became remarkably high. Therefore growing hyphae could be distinguished from non-growing hyphae by using Congo red.     

Vero细胞毒素大肠菌（VTEC）的分离及表型和分子生物学特性的研究

２６株Ｖｅｒｏ细胞毒素（ＶＴ）阳性大肠菌,经分子生物学鉴定表明,其中１４株与ＥＨＥＣ探针杂交阳性,按Ｌｅｖｉｎｅ等的标准判定属产Ｖｅｒｏ细胞毒素大肠菌（ＶＴＥＣ）,其血清型为Ｏ_１５７：Ｈ_７３株（血便２株,脓血便１株）,Ｏ_２５７ＮＭ３株（血便１株,腹泻牛便２株）,Ｏ_２９样便１株）;其余１２株虽ＶＴ毒素阳性,但ＥＨＥＣ探针阴性,按标准判定尚难确认,有待进一步研究。     

中国大陆若干群体的黑果蝇的线粒体DNA多态性研究

本文研究了果蝇Ｄ．ｖｉｒｉｌｉｓ种群Ｄ．ｖｉｒｉｌｉｓ线粒体ＤＮＡ（ｍｉｔｏｃｈｏｎｄｒｉａｌＤＮＡ,ｍｔＤＮＡ）的多态性。用９种限制性内切酶ＸｂａⅠ,ＥｃｏＲⅠ,ＰｓｔⅠ,ＨｉｎｄⅢ,ＢｇｌⅡ,ＳａｃⅠ,ＳｃａⅠ,ＥｃｏＲＶ和ＰｕｖⅡ,对青岛、南京、上海、宁波与泉州５个Ｄ．ｖｉｒｉｌｉｓ群体的ｍｔＤＮＡ进行了限制性片段长度多态性（ｒｅｓｔｒｉｃｔｉｏｎｆｒａｇｍｅｎｔｓｌｅｎｇｔｈｐｏｌｙｍｏｒｐｈｉｓｍ,ＲＦＬＰ）的研究。在５群体中,发现５种不同的酶切图谱,它们彼此之间的遗传差异π为０．４６％－１．７６％,群体内遗传差异πｉｊ为０．００％－０．３３％,群体间的差异ｄｘｙ,为０．００％－０．８２％。分布于中国大陆的Ｄ．ｖｉｒｉｌｉｓ的群体间遗传差异在总遗传差异中所占比例γｓｔ值为２４．６２％。我们发现,Ｄ．ｖｉｒｉｌｉｓ的栖息环境对ｍｔＤＮＡ的遗传变异有十分明显的影响,而不同地理纬度的群体之间其遗传距离并无倾群（ｃｌｉｎｅ）表现。     

大水体池塘培育革胡子鲶稚鱼的研究

本文报道在云南南亚热燕山区大水体池塘中,用人工施肥培养浮游动物,作为革胡子鲶稚鱼的开口饵料及其形成夏花鱼苗的动物性饲料是可行的。对孵出四日龄的稚鲶进行培育,在水温２３．２－３０．３℃时,可使十七日龄稚鲶达到夏花水平,存活率达６０％以上,研究结果表明,四日龄稚鲶口宽为７６０－９００μｍ,开口期及生长前期主要摄取枝角类、桡足类和摇蚊幼虫。稚鲶生长后期,对轮虫、水生昆虫幼体及配合饲料的摄取量增加,而摄食     

红头豆芫菁成虫芫菁素含量的研究

芫菁素在红头豆芫菁体内主要贮存在雄虫的生殖腺和卵内。与野生群体两性芫菁素的平均含量相比较,刚交配过的雄虫失去体内７０％的芫菁素,其雌配偶体内芫菁素含量相应升高４３％。红头豆芫菁可用作中药材。经１１０℃烘干后的雄虫,用酸水解后提取的芫菁素含量比直接提取的含量增高４倍。     

发情期小灵猫行为的研究

本文对笼养小灵猫发情期的繁殖行为进行了观察。结果表明：小灵猫一年有两次发情期,绝大部分的小灵猫在春季（２－４月）发情,少数个体在秋季（８月底至９月）出现第２次发情。发情期雄性小灵猫频繁地发出求偶叫声和增加擦香次数。雄猫的擦香行为和求偶叫声可促使雌猫的发情,发情期一系列性行为对雌雄交配的成功与否有重要的意义。     

A domain sharing model for active site assembly within the Mu A tetramer during transposition: the enhancer may specify domain contributions.

The functional configuration of Mu transposase (A protein) is its tetrameric form. We present here a model for the organization of a functional Mu A tetramer. Within the tetramer, assembly of each of the two active sites for Mu end cleavage requires amino acid contributions from the central and C-terminal domains (domains II and III respectively) of at least two Mu A monomers in a trans configuration. The Mu enhancer is likely to function in this assembly process by specifying the two monomers that provide their C-terminal domains for strand cleavage. The Mu B protein is not required in this step. Each of the two active sites for the strand transfer reaction is also organized by domain sharing (but in the reverse mode) between Mu A monomers; i.e. a donor of domain II (also the recipient of domain III) during cleavage is a recipient of domain II (and the donor of domain III) during strand transfer. The function of the Mu B protein (which is required at the strand transfer step) and that of the enhancer element may be analogous in that their interactions with Mu A (domain III and domain I alpha respectively) promote conformations of Mu A conducive to strand cleavage or strand transfer.