全文获取类型
收费全文 | 12060篇 |
免费 | 1149篇 |
国内免费 | 1422篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 36篇 |
2023年 | 148篇 |
2022年 | 349篇 |
2021年 | 596篇 |
2020年 | 415篇 |
2019年 | 547篇 |
2018年 | 562篇 |
2017年 | 417篇 |
2016年 | 536篇 |
2015年 | 769篇 |
2014年 | 904篇 |
2013年 | 913篇 |
2012年 | 1114篇 |
2011年 | 1003篇 |
2010年 | 676篇 |
2009年 | 602篇 |
2008年 | 681篇 |
2007年 | 616篇 |
2006年 | 529篇 |
2005年 | 504篇 |
2004年 | 461篇 |
2003年 | 420篇 |
2002年 | 412篇 |
2001年 | 241篇 |
2000年 | 199篇 |
1999年 | 180篇 |
1998年 | 133篇 |
1997年 | 119篇 |
1996年 | 97篇 |
1995年 | 75篇 |
1994年 | 69篇 |
1993年 | 50篇 |
1992年 | 37篇 |
1991年 | 37篇 |
1990年 | 32篇 |
1989年 | 25篇 |
1988年 | 14篇 |
1987年 | 16篇 |
1986年 | 14篇 |
1985年 | 20篇 |
1984年 | 3篇 |
1983年 | 10篇 |
1982年 | 11篇 |
1981年 | 11篇 |
1980年 | 3篇 |
1979年 | 5篇 |
1978年 | 3篇 |
1972年 | 5篇 |
1971年 | 3篇 |
1969年 | 3篇 |
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
91.
A recombinant plasmid containing the gene for bacterial β-galactosidase, situated close to the simian virus 40 early promoter, has been constructed. Transfection of CHO, L, and COS-1 cells with this plasmid led to the expression and appearance of the enzyme. Using this system, we have developed a series of promoter cloning vehicles capable of accepting promoter signals for animal genes. 相似文献
92.
93.
94.
Galium procurrens is described as a new diploid relic species from Montenegro/N. Albania and SW. Bulgaria. It is related to the tetraploidG. laevigatum and other diploid and polyploid taxa of theG. sylvaticum-group inhabiting European deciduous forests. 相似文献
95.
96.
97.
Huiru Lu Jun Chen Hui Huang Mengxue Zhou Qing Zhu Shao Q. Yao Zhifang Chai Yi Hu 《Biometals》2017,30(4):599-607
Both monoamine oxidase B (MAO-B) and iron accumulation are associated with neurologic diseases including Parkinson’s disease. However, the association of iron with MAO-B activity was poorly understood. Here we took advantage of highly sensitive and specific fluorescence probes to examine the change in MAO-B activity in human dopaminergic neuroblastoma (SH-SY5Y) cells upon iron exposure. Both ferric and ferrous ions could significantly enhance the activity of MAO-B, instead of MAO-A, in SH-SY5Y cells. In addition, iron-induced increase in MAO-B probe fluorescence could be prevented by pargyline and other newly developed MAO-B inhibitors, suggesting that it was MAO-B activity-dependent. These findings may suggest MAO-B is an important sensor in iron-stressed neuronal cells. 相似文献
98.
99.
Tai‐An Chiang Yu‐Lin Yang Ya‐Ying Yang Min‐Hsiu Hu Pei‐Fen Wu Shu‐Fen Liu Ruay‐Ming Huang Tung‐Nan Liao Chien‐Ya Hung Tsung‐Jen Hung Tao‐Chen Lee 《Journal of cellular biochemistry》2010,109(4):663-671
Hyperosmolarity plays an essential role in the pathogenesis of diabetic tubular fibrosis. However, the mechanism of the involvement of hyperosmolarity remains unclear. In this study, mannitol was used to evaluate the effects of hyperosmolarity on a renal distal tubule cell line (MDCK). We investigated transforming growth factor‐β receptors and their downstream fibrogenic signal proteins. We show that hyperosmolarity significantly enhances the susceptibility to exogenous transforming growth factor (TGF)‐β1, as mannitol (27.5 mM) significantly enhanced the TGF‐β1‐induced increase in fibronectin levels compared with control experiments (5.5 mM). Specifically, hyperosmolarity induced tyrosine phosphorylation on TGF‐β RII at 336 residues in a time (0–24 h) and dose (5.5–38.5 mM) dependent manner. In addition, hyperosmolarity increased the level of TGF‐β RI in a dose‐ and time‐course dependent manner. These observations may be closely related to decreased catabolism of TGF‐β RI. Hyperosmolarity significantly downregulated the expression of an inhibitory Smad (Smad7), decreased the level of Smurf 1, and reduced ubiquitination of TGF‐β RI. In addition, through the use of cycloheximide and the proteasome inhibitor MG132, we showed that hyperosmolarity significantly increased the half‐life and inhibited the protein level of TGF‐β RI by polyubiquitination and proteasomal degradation. Taken together, our data suggest that hyperosmolarity enhances cellular susceptibility to renal tubular fibrosis by activating the Smad7 pathway and increasing the stability of type I TGF‐β receptors by retarding proteasomal degradation of TGF‐β RI. This study clarifies the mechanism underlying hyperosmotic‐induced renal fibrosis in renal distal tubule cells. J. Cell. Biochem. 109: 663–671, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. 相似文献
100.
甲醇作为一种来源广泛、价格低廉、还原度高的非粮原料有望成为下一代生物制造的关键原料。利用合成生物学技术构建能够高效利用甲醇的重组微生物以实现从甲醇到高值化学品的生物转化已成国内外研究热点,但由于甲醇代谢过程的特殊性及复杂性,目前人工设计的甲基营养菌还难以实现以甲醇为唯一碳源进行生长及产物合成。基于对天然甲基营养菌甲醇代谢过程的分析,从甲醇脱氢酶的筛选与改造、甲醛同化途径的重构与优化、甲醇到化学品的生物转化几个方面对合成型甲基营养菌的构建策略及面临的挑战进行总结与分析,以期为今后合成型甲基营养菌的人工设计和利用提供一定的借鉴。 相似文献