Genetic diversity and inferred ancestry of Asian lotus (Nelumbo nucifera) germplasms in Thailand and Vietnam

Tropical lotus (Nelumbo) is an important and unique ecological type of lotus germplasm. Understanding the genetic relationship and diversity of the tropical lotus is necessary for its sustainable conservation and utilization. Using 42 EST-SSR (expressed sequence tag-simple sequence repeats) and 30 SRAP (sequence-related amplified polymorphism) markers, we assessed the genetic diversity and inferred the ancestry of representative tropical lotus from Thailand and Vietnam. In total, 164 and 41 polymorphic bands were detected in 69 accessions by 36 EST-SSR and seven SRAP makers, respectively. Higher genetic diversity was revealed in Thai lotus than in Vietnamese lotus. A Neighbor-Joining tree of five main clusters was constructed using combined EST-SSR and SRAP markers. Cluster I included 17 accessions of Thai lotus; cluster II contained three Thai accessions and 11 accessions from southern Vietnam; and cluster III was constituted by 13 accessions of seed lotus. Consistent with the results from the Neighbor-Joining tree, the genetic structure analysis showed that the genetic background of most Thai and Vietnamese lotus was pure, as artificial breeding has been rare in both countries. Furthermore, these analyses indicate that Thai and Vietnamese lotus germplasms belong to two different gene pools or populations. Most lotus accessions are genetically related to geographical distribution patterns in Thailand or Vietnam. Our findings showed that the origin or genetic relationships of some unidentified lotus sources can be evaluated by comparing morphological characteristics and the data of molecular markers. In addition, these findings provide reliable information for the targeted conservation of tropical lotus and parent selection in breeding novel cultivars of lotus.     

基于地理和气象要素的春玉米生育期栅格化方法

本文以黄河流域春玉米生育期和气象站点气象数据为主要数据源,采用多元逐步回归法分析了各生育期和经度、纬度、海拔高度、降水、年均温、≥10℃积温和日照时数等影响因子的关系,建立逐步回归方程,对各生育期空间栅格化方法进行了探讨,结果表明：（1）生育期空间拟合插值的统计检验说明春玉米“播种期”、“抽雄期”和“收获期”三个时期模拟效果最好,“拔节期”效果精度相对较好;（2）播种期基本满足从西南到东北延后的变化趋势,而拔节期、抽雄期和收获期基本上表现了从南北向中部、中部向东西两侧延后的现象。本研究得到的生育期与地理和气象要素之间的逐步回归方程,可为气候条件变化下作物生育期栅格化模拟试验以及农业生产应该采取的适应机制研究提供一定的依据。     

放射污染区古菌分离及多样性分析

【目的】研究放射污染区古菌多样性。【方法】放射污染区采集土样,采用甘油-精氨酸培养基(GJ)、甘油-天冬氨酸培养基(C1)、海藻糖-肌酸培养基(B7)、甘露醇-丙氨酸培养基(Z5)、干酪素-甘露醇培养基(CMKA)、壳聚糖-天冬酰胺培养基(F6)、甘露醇-酸水解酪蛋白培养基(GW1)、CM培养基、HP培养基和KC培养基10种分离培养基,采用梯度稀释法对古菌进行分离,将分离获得的菌株经形态特征,16S rRNA基因片段扩增及限制性内切酶酶切,选取酶切图谱中存在差异性的条带进行测序,最终通过序列比对,聚类分析,获得不同种类的古菌资源。【结果】从该土样中共获得了256株古菌,最终筛选出71株不同类型的古菌,这71株古菌均属于广古菌门,盐杆菌纲,盐杆菌目,盐杆菌科,分布于盐陆生菌属(Haloterrigena)、纳白菌属(Natrialba)、盐球菌属(Halococcus)、盐红菌属(Halorubrum)、盐长寿菌属(Halovivax)、纳线菌属(Natrinema)、盐碱球菌属(Natronococcus)、盐二型菌属(Halobiforma)、盐惰菌属(Halopiger)、盐池栖菌属(Halostagnicola)、富盐菌属(Haloferax)11个属,26个种,其中31株菌的16S rRNA基因序列与已有效发表菌株的序列相似性小于98%,Haloterrigena为该土样的优势菌属。对于分离效果较好的F6培养基采用了梯度营养成分的稀释,最终获得了19株古菌,这些菌株相互之间存在一定的差异性。【结论】本次分离获得了大量的古菌,表明放射污染区存在着较为丰富的古菌资源,其中蕴藏着多种新的物种类型,具有较大的研究价值。     

Typha as a wetland food resource: evidence from the Tianluoshan site,Lower Yangtze Region,China

Vegetation History and Archaeobotany - Wetlands have been attractive environments for early communities worldwide. In China, wetlands offered natural ecological settings for the start of rice...     

NM23-H1、 DJ1 和 TIM1 在低分化鼻咽鳞癌 组织和 CNE2 细胞株中共同表达

鼻咽癌为一种好发于鼻咽顶前壁及咽隐窝的头颈肿瘤, 98% 属低分化鳞癌 . 鼻咽癌就诊的患者中约 75% 已有颈淋巴结转移,颅神经受累 ( Ⅱ ~ Ⅵ, Ⅸ ~ Ⅻ ) 也较易发生. CNE2 为一种低分化鼻咽鳞癌细胞系,其生物学行为具有低分化鼻咽鳞癌的一些共同特点 . 选择恶性程度高的鼻咽癌组织 ( Ⅳ期,低分化鼻咽鳞癌 ) 和恶性程度高的低分化鼻咽鳞癌细胞株 CNE2 为研究样本,应用双向凝胶电泳技术获得了 6 例分辨率较高、重复性较好的低分化鼻咽鳞癌组织和 CNE2 细胞系双向凝胶电泳图谱,利用基质辅助激光解吸电离飞行时间质谱 (MALDI-TOF-MS) 技术,分析了 145 个蛋白质斑点 ( 组织 66 个点,细胞株 79 个点 ),共鉴定出了 74 种蛋白质,其中瘤基因 DJ1、转移相关基因 NM23-H1 和磷酸丙糖激酶异构酶 1(TIM1) 3 种蛋白质,在 CNE2 细胞系和该 6 例低分化鼻咽鳞癌组织中均共同表达 . 并进一步应用 RT-PCR 法检测低分化鼻咽鳞癌细胞系 CNE2 和 12 例低分化鼻咽鳞癌组织三者 mRNA 的表达：在细胞系 CNE2 和 3 例Ⅳ期低分化鼻咽鳞癌病人的组织中三者全表达, 3 例Ⅲ期及 6 例Ⅱ期也各有 1 例为全表达,而在正常对照的 6 例慢性鼻咽炎组织中未检测到三者的同时表达且有一例为全阴性, NM23-H1、 DJ1 和 TIM1 三者的 mRNA 在Ⅲ、Ⅳ期低分化鼻咽鳞癌组织共同表达,与正常对照组织相比,发现两者有显著性差异 (x²=10.214 , P＜0.005). NM23-H1、 DJ1 和 TIM1 三者的共同表达,可能与低分化鼻咽鳞癌的发生发展有关.     

EGFR/MET promotes hepatocellular carcinoma metastasis by stabilizing tumor cells and resisting to RTKs inhibitors in circulating tumor microemboli

The receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) family is well-recognized as vital targets for the treatment of hepatocarcinoma cancer (HCC) clinically, whereas the survival benefit of target therapy sorafenib is not satisfactory for liver cancer patients due to metastasis. EGFR and MET are two molecules of the RTK family that were related to the survival time of liver cancer patients and resistance to targeted therapy in clinical reports. However, the mechanism and clinical therapeutic value of EGFR/MET in HCC metastasis are still not completely clarified. The study confirmed that EGFR/MET was highly expressed in HCC cells and tissues and the phosphorylation was stable after metastasis. The expression of EGFR/MET was up-regulated in circulating tumor microemboli (CTM) to accelerate IL-8 production and resistance to the lethal effect of leukocytes. Meanwhile, highly expressed EGFR/MET effectively regulated the Ras/MAPK pathway and stabilized suspended HCC cells by facilitating proliferation and inhibiting apoptosis. Moreover, EGFR/MET promoted phosphorylation of hetero-RTKs, which was dependent on high-energy phosphoric acid compounds rather than their direct interactions. In conclusion, highly expressed EGFR/MET could be used in CTM identification and suitable for preventing metastasis of HCC in clinical practice.Subject terms: Liver cancer, Metastasis     

抗逆转录病毒药对孕育期雌鼠心血管影响*

目的: 评价抗逆转录病毒药对孕育期雌性大鼠心血管功能及某些生化指标的影响。方法: SD大鼠9周龄雌鼠19只、10周龄雄鼠6只,9只/10只雌鼠与3只雄鼠合1笼,共2笼,分为正常对照组(CON)、高效抗逆转录病毒治疗组(HARRT)。其中CON组雌性大鼠每天早、晚生理盐水 (10 ml/kg)灌胃,HARRT组雌性大鼠灌等容积抗逆转录病毒药(AZT 31.25 mg/kg +3TC 15.63 mg/kg +LPV/r (41.67/10.42) mg/kg),连续3个月。记录雌性大鼠体重、存活情况;检测超声心动图,多导生理记录仪检测动脉血压、心脏血流动力学参数;相应试剂盒检测血糖、血脂四项、心肌酶及肝酶;Masson染色及透射电镜分别观察心肌胶原纤维和心肌细胞超微结构。结果: CON组雌性大鼠均存活(9/9),HARRT组雌性大鼠存活6只(6/10);与CON组比较,HAART组雌性大鼠体重减少(P＜ 0.01);LVDd、IVST、LVPWT、LAD增加(P＜0.05);动脉舒张压增加(P＜0.05)、LVP +dP/dt_max减少(P＜0.01);TG减少、Glu增加(P＜0.05)、CK减少(P＜0.01)、GOT减少(P＜0.05);心肌组织胶原纤维增多,心肌细胞超微结构异常。结论: 抗逆转录病毒药可导致孕育期雌性大鼠心血管病变。     

Amperometric glucose biosensor based on self-assembly hydrophobin with high efficiency of enzyme utilization

Hydrophobins are a family of natural self-assembling proteins with high biocompability, which are apt to form strong and ordered assembly onto many kinds of surfaces. These physical-chemical and biological properties make hydrophobins suitable for surface modification and biomolecule immobilization purposes. A class II hydrophobin HFBI was used as enzyme immobilization matrix on platinum electrode to construct amperometric glucose biosensor. Permeability of HFBI self-assembling film was optimized by selecting the proper HFBI concentration for electrode modification, in order to allow H₂O₂ permeating while prevent interfering compounds accessing. HFBI self-assembly and glucose oxidase (GOx) immobilization was monitored by quartz crystal microbalance (QCM), and characterization of the modified electrode surface was obtained by scanning electron microscope (SEM). The resulting glucose biosensors showed rapid response time within 6 s, limits of detection of 0.09 mM glucose (signal-to-noise ratio = 3), wide linear range from 0.5 to 20 mM, high sensitivity of 4.214 × 10⁻³ A M⁻¹ cm⁻², also well selectivity, reproducibility and lifetime. The all-protein modified biosensor exhibited especially high efficiency of enzyme utilization, producing at most 712 μA responsive current for per unit activity of GOx. This work provided a promising new immobilization matrix with high biocompatibility and adequate electroactivity for further research in biosensing and other surface functionalizing.     

The histone demethylases Jhdm1a/1b enhance somatic cell reprogramming in a vitamin-C-dependent manner

Reprogramming of somatic cells into induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) resets the epigenome to an embryonic-like state. Vitamin C enhances the reprogramming process, but the underlying mechanisms are unclear. Here we show that the histone demethylases Jhdm1a/1b are key effectors of somatic cell reprogramming downstream of vitamin C. We first observed that vitamin C induces H3K36me2/3 demethylation in mouse embryonic fibroblasts in culture and during reprogramming. We then identified Jhdm1a/1b, two known vitamin-C-dependent H3K36 demethylases, as potent regulators of reprogramming through gain- and loss-of-function approaches. Furthermore, we found that Jhdm1b accelerates cell cycle progression and suppresses cell senescence during reprogramming by repressing the Ink4/Arf locus. Jhdm1b also cooperates with Oct4 to activate the microRNA cluster 302/367, an integral component of the pluripotency machinery. Our results therefore reveal a role for H3K36me2/3 in cell fate determination and establish a link between histone demethylases and vitamin-C-induced reprogramming.