ROCK1 induces ERK nuclear translocation in PDGF-BB-stimulated migration of rat vascular smooth muscle cells

It has been known that Rho-associated protein kinase (ROCK) signaling regulates the migration of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). However, the isoform-specific roles of ROCK and its underlying mechanism in VSMC migration are not well understood. The current study thus aimed to investigate the roles of ROCK1/2 and their relationship to the MAPK signaling pathway in platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-induced rat aorta VSMC migration by manipulating ROCK gene expression. The results revealed that ROCK1 small interfering ribonucleic acid (siRNA) rather than ROCK2 siRNA decreased PDGF-BB-generated VSMC migration, and upregulation of ROCK1 expression via transfection of constructed pEGFP-C1/ROCK1 plasmid further increased the migration of PDGF-BB-treated VSMCs. In PDGF-treated VSMCs, ROCK1 siRNA did not affect the phosphorylation levels of ERK and p38 in the cytoplasm, but decreased the level of ERK phosphorylation in the nucleus. These findings demonstrate that activated ROCK1 can promote VSMC migration through facilitating phosphorylation and nuclear translocation of ERK protein.     

大豆油中转基因成分的Nested PCR和Semi-nested PCR检测方法研究

对大豆油中DNA提取方法进行了研究,结果表明CTAB、SDS和Wizard试剂盒提取大豆油DNA均具有良好的效果。利用nested PCR和semi—nested PCR检测大豆（Roundup Ready）油中的转基因成分发现,该方法能够检测到大豆原油中的Lectin基因（112bp）、CaMV35S基因（147bP）和CP4-EPSPS基因（205bp）,检测灵敏度达到10^-6ng／μl;但该方法未能从人豆成品油（一级）中扩增到上述基因,当中的转基因成分DNA含量低于10^-12ng／μl。     

紫茎泽兰根区土壤酚酸类物质组成及其对土传病菌的影响

紫茎泽兰根系释放的化感物质是导致其土壤环境发生变化的重要因素,可为其成功入侵提供有利条件.以空白土样为对照,提取健康和感染棉蚜的紫茎泽兰根区土壤酚酸类化感物质,采用GC-MS分析其组分和相对含量.结果表明：不同处理根区土壤酚酸类化感物质的种类没有变化,但相对含量发生了改变.其中,虫害处理土样中苯甲酸和对羟基苯甲酸的相对含量均显著高于对照,但对羟基肉桂酸的相对含量显著低于对照,且苯甲酸、对羟基苯甲酸和对羟基肉桂酸的相对含量在3种处理土样中的比例存在差异.用上述3种物质单体及它们在3个处理土样的比例复配进行抑菌试验发现：在较低浓度（50～150 mg·L^-1）下,3种化感物质对5种土传性病菌有显著的抑制作用,但复配后对5种病菌的抑制作用各不相同,虫害处理的复配对其中3种病原菌的抑制作用均低于对照和健康植株.     

Identification and Severity Determination of Wheat Stripe Rust and Wheat Leaf Rust Based on Hyperspectral Data Acquired Using a Black-Paper-Based Measuring Method

It is important to implement detection and assessment of plant diseases based on remotely sensed data for disease monitoring and control. Hyperspectral data of healthy leaves, leaves in incubation period and leaves in diseased period of wheat stripe rust and wheat leaf rust were collected under in-field conditions using a black-paper-based measuring method developed in this study. After data preprocessing, the models to identify the diseases were built using distinguished partial least squares (DPLS) and support vector machine (SVM), and the disease severity inversion models of stripe rust and the disease severity inversion models of leaf rust were built using quantitative partial least squares (QPLS) and support vector regression (SVR). All the models were validated by using leave-one-out cross validation and external validation. The diseases could be discriminated using both distinguished partial least squares and support vector machine with the accuracies of more than 99%. For each wheat rust, disease severity levels were accurately retrieved using both the optimal QPLS models and the optimal SVR models with the coefficients of determination (R²) of more than 0.90 and the root mean square errors (RMSE) of less than 0.15. The results demonstrated that identification and severity evaluation of stripe rust and leaf rust at the leaf level could be implemented based on the hyperspectral data acquired using the developed method. A scientific basis was provided for implementing disease monitoring by using aerial and space remote sensing technologies.     

蛇床的生物学特性及资源分布

本文通过实地调查和异地栽培试验研究了蛇床的生物学特性及资源分布,为蛇床子药材的生产、收购提供了科学依据。     

The Role of Monoacylglycerol Lipase (MAGL) in the Cancer Progress

In recent years, metabolism is talked highly important in cancer research, especially the lipid metabolism. Researchers believe that the de novo fatty acid synthesis plays an important role in tumor development, while many studies illustrated that Endocannabinoids have anti-tumorigenic actions, including anti-proliferation, apoptosis induction, and anti-metastatic effects, MAGL as an important decomposing enzyme of both lipid metabolism and endocannabinoids system, additionally as a part of a gene expression signature contributes to different aspects of tumourigenesis.     

单叶蔓荆根际土壤真菌多样性

对江西鄱阳湖区5个不同地区单叶蔓荆(Vitex trifolia)的根际土壤真菌种类和多样性进行了研究。从100份单叶蔓荆植物根际土壤样品中分离获得128株真菌,隶属于无性型菌和接合菌,共15个属,其中青霉属(Penicillium)为单叶蔓荆根际土壤真菌的优势属,占总菌株数的14.06%,其次为单端孢属(Trichothecium),占总菌株数的11.72%,葡萄孢属(Botrytis)、卷头霉属(Helicocephalum)、茎点霉属(Phoma)、根霉属(Rhizopus)占总菌株数的7.81%,可见单叶蔓荆根际真菌具有较丰富的多样性。研究还发现不同地区单叶蔓荆根际土壤真菌的种群组成和结构存在一定的差异,各属真菌在不同地区的单叶蔓荆根际土壤中所占的优势度也不同。     

工业微生物中NADH的代谢调控

NADH是微生物代谢网络中的一种关键辅因子。调节微生物胞内NADH的形式与浓度是定向改变和优化微生物细胞代谢功能, 实现代谢流最大化、快速化地导向目标代谢产物的重要手段之一。以下在详尽总结了NADH生理功能的基础上, 从生化工程(添加外源电子受体、不同氧化还原态底物及NAD合成前体物, 调节培养环境和氧化还原电势)和代谢工程(过量表达NADH代谢相关酶、缺失NADH竞争途径及引入NADH外源代谢途径)两方面分析、归纳了NADH代谢调控策略, 进而凝练出调控NADH/NAD+比率调节微生物细胞代谢功能研究方面亟待解决的3个科学问题及可能的解决途径。     

Feeding habitats of blue sheep (Pseudois nayaur) during winter and spring in Helan Mountains, China

The feeding habitat selection of blue sheep (Pseudois nayaur) was studied by direct observation method in the Helan Mountains, China during winter (from November to December) and spring (from April to June) from 2003 to 2004. We established 25 line transects to collect information on feeding habitats used by blue sheep. Blue sheep in the study area preferred mountain savanna forests, a habitat dominated by Ulmus glaucescens, with medium tree density (<4 individuals / 400 m²), moderate tree height (4–6 m), higher shrub density (> 5 individuals / 100 m²), higher shrub (> 1.3 m), higher food abundance (> 50 g), moderate distance to human disturbance (< 500 m), and mild distance to bare rock (< 2 m). Such habitats characterized by 12 ecological factors were preferred as feeding areas by blue sheep during winter. Similar to habitat selection by the species during winter, blue sheep also showed a preference for mountain savanna with tree dominated by Ulmus glaucescens and medium tree density (< 4 individuals / 400 m²) during spring. Nevertheless, blue sheep preferred medium tree height (< 6 m), moderate tree density (5–10 individuals / 100 m²), medium shrub height (1.3–1.7 m), higher food abundance (> 100 g), moderate altitude (< 2 000 m), moderate distance to water resource (< 500 m), and medium hiding cover (50%–75%) during spring. Selection of the feeding habitats by sheep showed a significant difference in vegetation type, landform feature, dominant tree, tree height, shrub density, distance to the nearest shrub, food abundance, slope direction, slope degree, distance to water resource, and hiding cover between winter and spring. Results of principal components analysis indicated that the first principal component accounted for 24.493% of the total variance among feeding habitat variance during winter, with higher loadings for vegetation type, dominant tree, tree height, distance to the nearest tree, shrub density, shrub height, altitude, distance to water resource, and distance to human disturbance. In spring, the first principal components explained 28.777% of the variance, with higher loadings for vegetation type, distance to the nearest tree, shrub height, distance to the nearest shrub, food abundance, altitude, and distance to human disturbance. Translated from Zoological Research, 2005, 26(6): 580–589 [译自: 动物学研究]     

Diterpenoids from Wedelia prostrata and Their Derivatives and Cytotoxic Activities

One new ent‐kaurane diterpenoid, 11β,16α‐dihydroxy‐ent‐kauran‐19‐oic acid ( 1 ), together with eight known analogues 2 – 9 were isolated from the aerial parts of Wedelia prostrata. One of the acidic diterpenoids, kaurenoic acid ( 3 ), was converted to seven derivatives, 10 – 16 . All compounds were evaluated for their cytotoxic activity in vitro against human leukemia (K562), liver (HepG‐2), and stomach (SGC‐7901) cancer cell lines. Only four kaurenoic acid derivatives, 13 – 16 , with 15‐keto and substitutions at C(19) position, exhibited notable cytotoxic activities on these tumor cell lines with IC₅₀ value ranging from 0.05 to 3.71 μm . Compounds 10 – 12 , with oxime on C(15) showed moderate inhibitory effects and compounds 1 – 9 showed no cytotoxicities on them. Structure–activity relationships were also discussed based on the experimental data obtained. The known derivative, 15‐oxokaurenoic acid 4‐piperdin‐1‐ylbutyl ester ( 17 ), induced typical apoptotic cell death in colon SW480 cells upon evaluation of the apoptosis‐inducing activity by flow‐cytometric analysis.