河野脂螨发育各阶段外部形态扫描电镜观察

【目的】了解河野脂螨Lardoglyphus konoi各发育阶段外部形态和超微结构特征。【方法】利用室内培养获得的不同发育阶段的河野脂螨个体样本,在扫描电镜下观察各发育阶段(卵、幼螨、若螨和成螨)的外部形态和超微结构。【结果】河野脂螨卵呈椭圆形;幼螨足3对,未见生殖器官生长痕迹,生殖毛和肛毛缺如;若螨足4对,生殖器官发育不完全,有生殖毛和肛毛,但发育亦不完全。休眠体前端尖细,后端钝圆,呈梨形状。在末体区有吸盘板,其上有13个吸盘,呈2-2-4-5分布。成螨螯肢细长,剪刀状,其上的定趾和动趾上有几个小齿;顶外毛长度约为顶内毛的50%,与顶内毛处同一水平线上。雄成螨第3对足的跗节末端为2个粗钝的齿所替代;腹面有1个生殖区和带有1对肛门吸盘的肛区。雌成螨所有的爪均分叉;腹面生殖孔为1个纵向裂缝;肛门不伸达后缘。【结论】通过电镜扫描对河野脂螨不同发育阶段外部形态和超微结构的观察,更加详细地了解了该螨的形态结构,从而为脂螨科螨类的分类和生物学研究提供了理论依据。     

Comparative Transcriptomic Analysis of Storage Roots in Cassava During Postharvest Physiological Deterioration

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Divergent DNA methylation contributes to duplicated gene evolution and chilling response in tea plants

The tea plant (Camellia sinensis) is a thermophilic cash crop and contains a highly duplicated and repeat-rich genome. It is still unclear how DNA methylation regulates the evolution of duplicated genes and chilling stress in tea plants. We therefore generated a single-base-resolution DNA methylation map of tea plants under chilling stress. We found that, compared with other plants, the tea plant genome is highly methylated in all three sequence contexts, including CG, CHG and CHH (where H = A, T, or C), which is further proven to be correlated with its repeat content and genome size. We show that DNA methylation in the gene body negatively regulates the gene expression of tea plants, whereas non-CG methylation in the flanking region enables a positive regulation of gene expression. We demonstrate that transposable element-mediated methylation dynamics significantly drives the expression divergence of duplicated genes in tea plants. The DNA methylation and expression divergence of duplicated genes in the tea plant increases with evolutionary age and selective pressure. Moreover, we detect thousands of differentially methylated genes, some of which are functionally associated with chilling stress. We also experimentally reveal that DNA methyltransferase genes of tea plants are significantly downregulated, whereas demethylase genes are upregulated at the initial stage of chilling stress, which is in line with the significant loss of DNA methylation of three well-known cold-responsive genes at their promoter and gene body regions. Overall, our findings underscore the importance of DNA methylation regulation and offer new insights into duplicated gene evolution and chilling tolerance in tea plants.