石头口门水库流域土地利用／覆被变化对非点源污染负荷的影响

应用L-THIA (Long-Term Hydrologic Impact Assessment )模型,模拟吉林省石头口门水库流域1986 年至2000 年的非点源污染负荷,定量评价土地利用/覆被变化对非点源污染负荷的影响.研究结果表明:1 )1986 ～2000 年期间,研究区土地利用/覆被变化的主要特点为:水田和旱田增加,草地和裸地减少;土地利用/覆被变化对非点源污染负荷的影响非常显著;2 )1986年、1995 年、2000 年三个时段内研究区各非点源污染负荷呈现先增加后减少的趋势,泥沙和总氮的变化幅度较大,总磷的变化幅度相对较小;整个研究时段内表现为总磷的变化幅度大于泥沙和总氮;3 )农田、林地、居民地的变化对非点源污染负荷影响明显,属于非点源污染的敏感区,其面积的较小变化均可引起污染负荷的较大变动;4 )林地和草地转化为农田导致各非点源污染物负荷均增加,其中草地转化为农田的区域较小(5 km2 ),但导致总磷污染增加了255.52 kg ;农田变为居民地和林地导致污染负荷减少,林地转化为草地使得泥沙、总磷污染增加,总氮污染减少.     

国裸子植物物种丰富度空间格局与多样性中心

中国拥有世界上最丰富的裸子植物区系,对理解全球裸子植物分布变化与系统演化具有重要意义.我们利用中国天然分布的202种裸子植物的水平和垂直分布信息获得物种分布区范围,探讨了中国裸子植物在科、属、种水平的分布特点.总体上,中国裸子植物物种丰富度南高北低,山地裸子植物丰富度较高,平原和高原相对贫乏;随分类阶元变高,丰富度高值区域面积逐渐扩大,高值中心逐渐南移.占中国陆地面积5%的裸子植物最丰富区域内分布了85%的中国自然分布的裸子植物物种.我们将这些区域划分为6个裸子植物多样性中心:(1)东喜马拉雅-横断山脉-秦岭,(2)滇黔桂-南岭,(3)华中山地,(4)黄山-武夷山脉,(5)海南岛南部山地,(6)长白山(甑峰山附近).各中心裸子植物区系之间的特点和联系反映了各自地理位置的差异和空间距离的隔离作用,其中横断山脉地区是中国裸子植物最重要的分化中心.     

油葵含油量相关基因在烟草中的表达

采用RT-PCR和RACE技术从油葵(Helianthus annuus L.)种子中克隆了DGAT基因的cDNA全长序列,命名为HaDl(GenBank登录号为HM 015632).将HaDl与CaMV 35S组成型启动子融合,构建植物表达载体pBI-HaDl,通过根癌农杆菌介导转化烟草.对转基因植株进行GUS及PCR检测,同时采用气相色谱-质谱法(GC-MS)分析转基因烟草叶片中脂肪酸各成分的含量.结果表明:HaDl基因cDNA全长1 936 bp,最大开放阅读框为1 524 bp,编码507个氨基酸;推测的氨基酸序列与其它植物已报道的DGAT1基因的氨基酸序列一致性为70%～80%,具有DGAT1蛋白保守的二酰甘油结合基序"HKWIVRHLYFP",因此HaDl基因属于DGAT1基因家族.GUS活性染色及PCR检测均证明外源HaDl整合到烟草基因组并成功表达.转基因烟草叶片脂肪酸含量测定发现,油酸、软脂酸和硬脂酸的含量得到提高,推测HaDl是植物油脂合成相关的重要基因.     

Changes in levels of juvenile hormone and molting hormone in larvae and adult females of Chilo suppressalis (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) after imidacloprid applications to rice

Insect hormones regulate growth and development and fecundity of insects. The current study investigated changes in juvenile hormone (JH) and molting hormone (MH) levels in fourth instars and adult females of Chilo suppressalis (Walker) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) after imidacloprid application to rice, Oryza sativa L. The results showed that JH level in fourth instars that developed feeding on Fengyouxiangzhan rice plants sprayed with 15, 30, and 60 ppm imidacloprid was significantly higher than that of larvae that developed on control plants, increasing by 5.04, 6.39, and 4.89 times, respectively. The relationships between JH level and imidacloprid concentrations showed a significant negative correlation. In contrast, molting hormone (MH) level in larvae fed on control plants was significantly higher than that on treated plants. JH:MH values in fourth instars developed from larvae feeding on rice plants treated with 15, 30, 60, 80, and 100 ppm imidacloprid increased by 49.17, 39.43, 13.48, 15.80, and 0.2 times, respectively, compared with control. JH and JH:MH ratio in larvae fed on Wujing 15 plants treated with imidacloprid were significantly lower than those fed on Fengyouxiangzhan under the same treatments. JH level in adult females that developed from larvae feeding on rice plants sprayed with imidacloprid significantly decreased with increase in imidacloprid concentration, but it increased compared with control. JH level in adult females was associated with times of imidacloprid application. JH level in adult females developed from larvae feeding on rice plants after double spray with 30 ppm imidacloprid was significantly higher than control, increasing by 61.6 and 116.5%, respectively, compared with a single spray and the control. Moreover, hormone levels in the larvae were related to the application method of imidacloprid. JH level in fourth instars after root application and topical application of imidacloprid was significantly lower than in control. Thus, the dynamics of JH and MH in insects after insecticide applications are an extremely interesting problem, because hormones are related to insect growth and development.     

S-Nitrosated human serum albumin dimer is not only a novel anti-tumor drug but also a potentiator for anti-tumor drugs with augmented EPR effects

Macromolecules have been developed as carriers of low-molecular-weight drugs in drug delivery systems (DDS) to improve their pharmacokinetic profile or to promote their uptake in tumor tissue via enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effects. In the present study, recombinant human serum albumin dimer (AL-Dimer), which was designed by linking two human serum albumin (HSA) molecules with the amino acid linker (GGGGS)(2), significantly accumulated in tumor tissue even more than HSA Monomer (AL-Monomer) and appearing to have good retention in circulating blood in murine colon 26 (C26) tumor-bearing mice. Moreover, we developed S-nitrosated AL-Dimer (SNO-AL-Dimer) as a novel DDS compound containing AL-Dimer as a carrier, and nitric oxide (NO) as (i) an anticancer therapeutic drug/cell death inducer and (ii) an enhancer of the EPR effect. We observed that SNO-AL-Dimer treatment induced apoptosis of C26 tumor cells in vitro, depending on the concentration of NO. In in vivo experiments, SNO-AL-Dimer was found to specifically deliver large amounts of cytotoxic NO into tumor tissue but not into normal organs in C26 tumor-bearing mice as compared with control (untreated tumor-bearing mice) and SNO-AL-Monomer-treated mice. Intriguingly, S-nitrosation improved the uptake of AL-Dimer in tumor tissue through augmenting the EPR effect. These data suggest that SNO-AL-Dimer behaves not only as an anticancer therapeutic drug, but also as a potentiator of the EPR effect. Therefore, SNO-AL-Dimer would be a very appealing carrier for utilization of the EPR effect in future development of cancer therapeutics.     

基于GIS和RS的赣江上游流域土地利用动态趋势分析

利用赣江上游流域1990、1995、2000、2005和2010年5期的TM影像以及2010年的SPOT影像资料,通过目视解译方法及GIS软件的空间叠加分析功能,获取了研究区土地利用覆被变化数据。在此基础上,结合1990—2010年赣江上游流域的统计资料利用灰色关联分析和主成分分析法进行分析,找出引起土地利用变化的主导因素。结果表明:研究区20年来林地和建设用地总量增加,耕地、草地、水域和未利用地总量减少。相同时期不同类型的土地利用变化的驱动因子不相同,不同时期同一类型土地利用变化的驱动因子也不相同。再利用GM(1,1)灰色预测模型预测了2015—2030年间研究区驱动因素和土地利用情况,研究表明主导因素对土地利用变化的影响与1990—2010年间变化趋势一致。     

Type 2 diabetes caused by reductive redox potential?

<正>Reactive oxygen species arise(ROS)in the mitochondria as byproducts of respiration and oxidase activity and have important roles in many physiological and pathophysiological conditions.The current literature indicate that excessive levels of ROS can cause oxidative stress and that lots of evidences link ROS and oxidative stress to the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM)and development of complications.Several studies have shown elevated extraand intracellular glucose concentrations result in oxidative stress both in animal models of diabetes and in diabetic patients[1].And ROS can contribute to the development and progression of diabetes and related complications by directly damaging DNA,proteins,and lipids or indirectly activating a number of cellular stress-sensitive pathways to induce damage to tissues such as isletβcells[2].     

2011～2013年血液分离葡萄球菌的临床分布及耐药性分析

目的了解临床各科发热患者（怀疑细菌感染）血培养中葡萄球菌分布及耐药性,为临床治疗提供参考依据。方法血培养采用BaeT／Alert3D全自动血培养仪（梅里埃）培养5d,采用MicroScanWalk—Away-96plus全自动微生物鉴定和药敏分析系统（西门子）进行细菌鉴定和药敏试验。结果血培养共检出葡萄球菌185株,检出最多的科室是ICU,耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌（methicillin—resistant Staphylococcus aureus,MRSA）检出率为30．4％,而耐甲氧西林凝固酶阴性葡萄球菌（methicillin—resistant coagulase-negative Staphylococci,MRCNS）的检出率高达80．7％。还检出了1株万古霉素中介的凝固酶阴性葡萄球菌。结论通过血培养检出葡萄球菌的耐药性分析发现,凝固酶阴性葡萄球菌对苯唑西林、氨苄西林、青霉素、红霉素的耐药率在70％以上,而对氯霉素、利福平、四环素的耐药率在30％以下,因此这三种药物应为我院应对凝固酶阴性葡萄球菌血流感染的常用首选药物。     

以皮肤受累为首发表现的播散性念珠菌病1例并文献复习

目的：播散性念珠菌病是一种致命性真菌感染性疾病,在免疫缺陷患者中发病率逐年增多,报道1例以双下肢多发皮下结节为首发表现,伴有肺及脑受累的播散性念珠菌病,并文献复习播散性念珠菌病的皮肤受累临床表现。方法患者女,37岁。因双下肢多发皮下结节6个月余就诊。有局灶节段性肾小球硬化病史,口服强的松及他克莫司2a余。取患者皮损组织行病理学检查,皮损组织、脓液、血、痰、尿、粪、脑脊液进行真菌镜检及真菌培养,并文献检索统计播散性念珠菌病皮肤受累患者临床特点。结果皮损组织病理见假菌丝,皮损组织、脓液、痰、尿、粪标本直接涂片均见假菌丝并培养出白念珠菌,CT显示肺受累,诊断为播散性念珠菌病,予抗真菌治疗,患者皮损愈合及肺部病灶部分吸收,但因自行停药,最终出现颅内播散。结论以皮损为首发表现的播散性念珠菌病临床罕见,临床诊疗中应重视应用免疫抑制剂患者皮损的组织病理及微生物检查,及早进行诊断和治疗,防止出现系统性播散,从而降低死亡率。