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Yuan Cong-Ying Wang Ping Chen Pang-Pang Xiao Wen-Jun Zhang Cheng Hu Shuai Zhou Ping Chang Hong-Ping He Zhuang Hu Rong Lu Xiu-Tao Ye Jia-Zhuo Guo Xin-Hong 《Physiology and Molecular Biology of Plants》2015,21(3):359-364
Physiology and Molecular Biology of Plants - Okra is a widely distributed crop in the tropics, subtropics, and warmer areas of the temperate zones. Its major potential uses as a vegetable, oil and... 相似文献
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Using the Logit quantal response form as the response function in each step, the original definition of static quantal response equilibrium (QRE) is extended into an iterative evolution process. QREs remain as the fixed points of the dynamic process. However, depending on whether such fixed points are the long-term solutions of the dynamic process, they can be classified into stable (SQREs) and unstable (USQREs) equilibriums. This extension resembles the extension from static Nash equilibriums (NEs) to evolutionary stable solutions in the framework of evolutionary game theory. The relation between SQREs and other solution concepts of games, including NEs and QREs, is discussed. Using experimental data from other published papers, we perform a preliminary comparison between SQREs, NEs, QREs and the observed behavioral outcomes of those experiments. For certain games, we determine that SQREs have better predictive power than QREs and NEs. 相似文献
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Yuesi Zhong Zhaofeng Tang Ruiyun Xu Nan Lin Meihai Deng Heping Fang Jizhong Lin Kangshun Zhu Yong Liu Zhuang Kang 《Cytotherapy》2013,15(10):1266-1274
Background aimsAssessing mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) after grafting is essential for understanding their migration and differentiation processes. The present study sought to evaluate via cellular magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) if transplantation route may have an effect on MSCs engrafting to fibrotic liver of rats.MethodsRat MSCs were prepared, labeled with superparamagnetic iron oxide and scanned with MRI. Labeled MSCs were transplanted via the portal vein or vena caudalis to rats with hepatic fibrosis. MRI was performed in vitro before and after transplantation. Histologic examination was performed. MRI scan and imaging parameter optimization in vitro and migration under in vivo conditions were demonstrated.ResultsStrong MRI susceptibility effects could be found on gradient echo-weighted, or T21-weighted, imaging sequences from 24 h after labeling to passage 4 of labeled MSCs in vitro. In vivo, MRI findings of the portal vein group indicated lower signal in liver on single shot fast spin echo-weighted, or T2-weighted, imaging and T21-weighted imaging sequences. The low liver MRI signal increased gradually from 0–3 h and decreased gradually from 3 h to 14 days post-transplantation. The distribution pattern of labeled MSCs in liver histologic sections was identical to that of MRI signal. It was difficult to find MSCs in tissues near the portal area on day 14 after transplantation; labeled MSCs appeared in fibrous tuberculum at the edge of the liver. No MRI signal change and a positive histologic examination were observed in the vena caudalis group.ConclusionsThe portal vein route seemed to be more beneficial than the vena caudalis on MSC migration to fibrotic liver of rats via MRI. 相似文献
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Kuang-Yu Chang William J. Riley Nathan Collier Gavin McNicol Etienne Fluet-Chouinard Sara H. Knox Kyle B. Delwiche Robert B. Jackson Benjamin Poulter Marielle Saunois Naveen Chandra Nicola Gedney Misa Ishizawa Akihiko Ito Fortunat Joos Thomas Kleinen Federico Maggi Joe McNorton Joe R. Melton Paul Miller Yosuke Niwa Chiara Pasut Prabir K. Patra Changhui Peng Sushi Peng Arjo Segers Hanqin Tian Aki Tsuruta Yuanzhi Yao Yi Yin Wenxin Zhang Zhen Zhang Qing Zhu Qiuan Zhu Qianlai Zhuang 《Global Change Biology》2023,29(15):4298-4312
The recent rise in atmospheric methane (CH4) concentrations accelerates climate change and offsets mitigation efforts. Although wetlands are the largest natural CH4 source, estimates of global wetland CH4 emissions vary widely among approaches taken by bottom-up (BU) process-based biogeochemical models and top-down (TD) atmospheric inversion methods. Here, we integrate in situ measurements, multi-model ensembles, and a machine learning upscaling product into the International Land Model Benchmarking system to examine the relationship between wetland CH4 emission estimates and model performance. We find that using better-performing models identified by observational constraints reduces the spread of wetland CH4 emission estimates by 62% and 39% for BU- and TD-based approaches, respectively. However, global BU and TD CH4 emission estimate discrepancies increased by about 15% (from 31 to 36 TgCH4 year−1) when the top 20% models were used, although we consider this result moderately uncertain given the unevenly distributed global observations. Our analyses demonstrate that model performance ranking is subject to benchmark selection due to large inter-site variability, highlighting the importance of expanding coverage of benchmark sites to diverse environmental conditions. We encourage future development of wetland CH4 models to move beyond static benchmarking and focus on evaluating site-specific and ecosystem-specific variabilities inferred from observations. 相似文献