丽江城市不同区域景观美学

我国正处在快速城市化阶段,古城或古镇正面临城市化和旅游业的双重压力,古城风貌和景观美学受到影响。以世界文化遗产丽江古城所在地——丽江盆地为研究对象,按照大研古镇-丽江新城-郊区的梯度设置评价样点,采用评分法(SBE-Scenic beauty estimation procedure)进行景观美学评价。结果显示:参加评价的男性与女性显示出性别间的细小差异,两个曲线的趋势基本一致,其中最大值和最小值均由男性评价者产生。丽江古城的三大古镇中,束河古镇的景观美学评价值最高,为6.79,白沙古镇的景观美学评价值为5.82,大研古镇景观美学评价值为5.68。大研古镇与丽江新城交错带的景观美学评价均值为4.9,丽江新城区的平均值均值为4.03,玉龙县城的均值为3.88,评价分值最低点在玉龙新县城,为2.36。在世界文化遗产核心区大研古镇到郊区的梯度上,整个评价曲线呈V型,中间低,两边高的趋势,大研古镇与城市新区交错带的景观美学评价值较低。景观美学评分较高的景观要素包括:自然景观(山体、水体)、农田、古镇、有历史文化特色和地方民族特色的景观等,现代城市景观的评价值较低。研究结果对保护丽江古城具有重要意义,可以用来完善丽江城市景观规划、优化城市空间格局,在城市建设发展的同时,保护好丽江的古城风貌和田园风光,以维系景观美学价值。     

高龄产妇产褥期HPV高危型感染的危险因素Logistic回归分析及预防建议

目的探讨高龄产妇产褥期人乳头瘤病毒(HPV)高危型感染的相关危险因素,并提出预防建议。方法回顾性分析2016年1月至2018年5月东莞市人民医院120例高龄产妇的临床病历资料,根据产褥期是否发生HPV高危型感染情况将其分为感染组与未感染组,并采用单因素和多因素Logistic回归分析法分析影响高危型HPV感染的相关危险因素,并提出预防建议。结果 120例高龄产妇产后42 d检查发现有21例发生HPV高危型感染,感染发生率为17.50%;感染组孕次>1次、产次>1次、有妊娠期合并症、早产及剖宫产的构成比与未感染组比较差异均无统计学意义(均P>0.05);感染组有人工流产史、产后阴道清洁度Ⅲ~Ⅳ度、产褥期不良卫生习惯、产褥期被动吸烟、产褥期接触过被HPV污染的物品、伴侣有HPV感染、农村居民及专科以下学历的构成比均明显高于未感染组,且经Logistic回归分析发现其均是高龄产妇产褥期HPV高危型感染的危险因素(OR=4.027、5.489、4.726、3.662、5.842、5.291、4.323、3.894,均P<0.05)。结论人工流产史、产后阴道清洁度Ⅲ~Ⅳ度、产褥期不良卫生习惯、产褥期被动吸烟、有HPV接触史、农村居民及文化程度低均是高龄产妇产褥期HPV高危型感染的危险因素,临床工作者需加强对此类产妇的监管。     

Brief communication: Y-chromosome haplogroup analysis indicates that Chinese Tuvans share distinctive affinity with Siberian Tuvans

Tuvans are mainly distributed in Siberia (the Republic of Tuva), Mongolia, and China. The genetic origin of Chinese Tuvans remains controversial. The Tuvans in China were classified as Mongolians in the early 1950s by the National Ethnic Affairs Commission of China, but they defined themselves as a separate group. To resolve this dispute and determine their genetic relationships with the peoples in Central Asia, we randomly selected 150 male subjects from the Tuvans in the Altai region of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region in China. Fourteen Y chromosomal markers were genotyped using the RFLP method or direct sequencing. These haplogroup data were combined with public data for 15 populations in South Siberia and Central Asia. Tuvans in both China and the Republic of Tuva had the highest frequencies of haplogroups K-M9 and Q-M242. Principal component analysis demonstrated that the Tuvans in China were of a distinct cluster, separated from their neighbors, the Mongolians and Kazakhs, which finding was consistent with the Analysis of Molecular Variances. Further population tree analysis revealed that Tuvans were on a far-separated cluster from their neighbors. Based on these results, we propose that the Tuvans (in both China and the Republic of Tuva) constitute a group distinct from Mongolians and from other Central Asia populations. However, the genetic results might be the consequence of some evolutionary forces like genetic drift and founder effect, and do not necessarily reflect their ultimate origin.     

Amsacta moorei Entomopoxvirus inhibitor of apoptosis suppresses cell death by binding Grim and Hid

Inhibitor of apoptosis (iap) genes have been identified in the genomes of two independent families of insect viruses, the Baculoviridae and the Entomopoxvirinae. In this report, we examined the functional attributes of the Amsacta moorei entomopoxvirus-encoded IAP protein (AMV-IAP). The binding specificity of the individual baculoviral IAP repeat (BIR) domains of AMV-IAP was investigated by using a random-peptide, phage display library, and sequences similar to the amino termini of proapoptotic Drosophila proteins in the Reaper/Hid/Grim family were identified. Furthermore, the BIR domains of AMV-IAP protein were demonstrated to bind the mammalian IAP inhibitor Smac through the AVPI tetrapeptide sequence, suggesting that the peptide binding pocket and groove found in the insect and mammalian IAPs is conserved in this viral protein. Interaction analysis implicated BIR1 as the high-affinity site for Grim, while BIR2 interacted more strongly with Hid. Both Grim and Hid were demonstrated to interact with AMV-IAP in vivo, and Grim- or Hid-induced cell death was suppressed when AMV-IAP was coexpressed.     

城市森林生态服务价值评估研究进展

随着城市化进程的加快,城市环境问题日益突出,作为城市生态系统的重要子系统之一,城市森林为城市居民提供诸多生态服务.而城市森林生态服务价值评估能够有效指导城市森林建设,为管理部门提供决策依据,从而最大限度地发挥城市森林的生态服务功能.在阐明城市森林及其生态服务价值内涵的基础上,重点对比分析了各类城市森林生态服务价值的评估方法,并根据其发展历程将其归纳为3类:单株树木经济价值评估法;城市森林生态服务综合价值评估法;空间显式景观模型评估法.最后指出现有城市森林生态服务价值评估方法中的不足及今后发展方向,以期丰富城市森林生态服务价值评估理论,并为城市森林的合理规划提供借鉴.     

Genomic Scan Reveals Loci under Altitude Adaptation in Tibetan and Dahe Pigs

High altitude environments are of particular interest in the studies of local adaptation as well as their implications in physiology and clinical medicine in human. Some Chinese pig breeds, such as Tibetan pig (TBP) that is well adapted to the high altitude and Dahe pig (DHP) that dwells at the moderate altitude, provide ideal materials to study local adaptation to altitudes. Yet, it is still short of in-depth analysis and understanding of the genetic adaptation to high altitude in the two pig populations. In this study we conducted a genomic scan for selective sweeps using F_ST to identify genes showing evidence of local adaptations in TBP and DHP, with Wuzhishan pig (WZSP) as the low-altitude reference. Totally, we identified 12 specific selective genes (CCBE1, F2RL1, AGGF1, ZFPM2, IL2, FGF5, PLA2G4A, ADAMTS9, NRBF2, JMJD1C, VEGFC and ADAM19) for TBP and six (OGG1, FOXM, FLT3, RTEL1, CRELD1 and RHOG) for DHP. In addition, six selective genes (VPS13A, GNA14, GDAP1, PARP8, FGF10 and ADAMTS16) were shared by the two pig breeds. Among these selective genes, three (VEGFC, FGF10 and ADAMTS9) were previously reported to be linked to the local adaptation to high altitudes in pigs, while many others were newly identified by this study. Further bioinformatics analysis demonstrated that majority of these selective signatures have some biological functions relevant to the altitude adaptation, for examples, response to hypoxia, development of blood vessels, DNA repair and several hematological involvements. These results suggest that the local adaptation to high altitude environments is sophisticated, involving numerous genes and multiple biological processes, and the shared selective signatures by the two pig breeds may provide an effective avenue to identify the common adaptive mechanisms to different altitudes.