细胞色素C_3在Rhodopseudomonas caosulata载色体光合磷酸化中的作用

细胞色素C_3不仅能增进除去铁氧还蛋白载色体的循环光合磷酸化活性的恢复,而且也增进以DCPIPH_2为电子供体,维生素K_3、反丁烯二酸分别为电子受体构成的非循环光合磷酸化活性的恢复。 氩气相下,细胞色素C_3促进正常载色体光合磷酸化活性的最适浓度是1.8 μmol,当PMS存在时,这一促进作用随C_3浓度的增加而直线上升,然后呈稳态。 Antimycin A(10~(-7)mol/L)能充分抑制C_3参与的光合磷酸化活性,这一抑制现象在PMS存在时消失。 o~-phenanthroline(1×10~(-5)mol/L.)对C_3参与的光合磷酸化活性亦具抑制作用,并被PMS的添加而消失,当浓度提高时(10~(-3)mol/L),抑制现象不因PMS的存在而消失。 氢气相下的载色体光合磷酸化活性比氩气相下的低,并且随着载色体贮存(-20℃)时间的增长而急剧下降,24h贮存,丧失活性达60％。C_3对氢气相下的光合磷酸化活性具明显的促进作用,而铁氧还蛋白则不能,但两者同时存在时,其磷酸化活性显著提高。     

鸡胚视网膜发育中花生凝集素结合糖蛋白的图谱

我们应用微量(1—3微克蛋白)等电点聚焦和SDS双向电泳对鸡胚视网膜发育的第4天(E_4)到第16天(E_(16))总蛋白图谱进行分析,并结合印迹的PNA免疫酶标反应,分析了总蛋白中与PNA结合的糖蛋白图谱的变化。E_4时没有看到PNA结合糖蛋白的任何阳性反应的斑点,E_6时这种糖蛋白的种数突然增加,约占总蛋白数的20%。新的糖蛋白增加的速率在E_6时最快,存其后的发育阶段(E_8—E_(16))慢于总蛋白增加的速率。这种糖蛋白大都是等电点在中性pH范围内,中等大小分子量的糖肽。视神经的总蛋白中含PNA结合糖蛋白数的比例高于同一发育年龄视网膜中的比例,这说明糖蛋白可能主要存在于质膜上。视网膜的总蛋白图谱相似于前脑的,但与视顶盖的更相近。本文对这种能与PNA结合,即含有D-半乳糖残基的糖蛋白在视网膜发育中的意义进行了讨论。     

Distribution and biosynthesis of aminopeptidase N and dipeptidyl aminopeptidase IV in rat small intestine

The regional, cellular and subcellular distribution patterns of aminopeptidase N and dipeptidyl aminopeptidase IV were examined in rat small intestine. Aminopeptidase N of brush border membrane had maximal activity in the upper and middle intestine, while dipeptidyl aminopeptidase IV had a more uniform distribution profile with relatively high activity in the ileum. Along the villus and crypt cell gradient, the activity of both enzymes was maximally expressed in the mid-villus cells. However there was substantial dipeptidyl aminopeptidase IV activity in the crypt cells. Both enzymes were primarily associated with brush border membranes in all segments, however, in the proximal intestine, a significant amount of dipeptidyl aminopeptidase IV activity was associated with the cytosol fraction. The cytosol and brush border membrane forms of dipeptidyl aminopeptidase IV were immunologically identical and had the same electrophoretic mobility on disc gels. In contrast, the soluble and brush border membrane-bound forms of aminopeptidase N were immunologically distinct. When the total amount of aminopeptidase N and dipeptidyl aminopeptidase IV was determined by competitive radioimmunoassay, there were no regional or cellular differences in specific activity (enzyme activity/mg of enzyme protein) of either enzyme in brush border membrane and homogenate. The specific activity of both enzymes in a purified Golgi membrane fraction as measured by radioimmunoassay was about half that of the brush border membrane fraction. These results suggest that (1) aminopeptidase N and dipeptidyl aminopeptidase IV have different regional, cellular and subcellular distribution patterns; (2) there are enzymatically inactive forms of both enzymes present in a constant proportion to active molecules and that (3) a two-fold activation of precursor enzyme forms occurs during transfer from the Golgi membranes to the brush border membranes.     

Virological survey of rhesus monkeys in China

A virological survey of rhesus monkeys captured in China for 13 viruses and/or antibodies was performed. Antigens used were SFV, SF40, HSV-1, Sa11, measles, vaccinia, epidemic or simian hemorrhagic fever, Langat, Kunming, poliomyelitis, HIV, SV41 and rubella. Monkeys were from Sichuan, Hunan, Guizhou, Yunnan and Guangxi provinces. Antibody was detected to all the listed viruses except HIV, SV41 and rubella. Both SFV and SV40 were recovered from monkeys, but H. simiae, LCM and coxsackieviruses were not.     

A comparative study of bark lectins from three elderberry (Sambucus) species

Three elderberry lectins isolated from the bark of three different species of the genus Sambucus which are native to Europe (S. nigra), North America (S. canadensis), and Japan (S. sieboldiana) were studied comparatively with regard to their carbohydrate binding properties and some structural features. All three lectins contained two identical carbohydrate binding sites per molecule and showed a very high specificity for the Neu5Ac(alpha 2-6)-Gal/GalNAc sequence. However, relative affinities for various oligosaccharides were significantly different among them, suggesting differences in the detailed structure of the carbohydrate binding sites of these lectins. The three lectins were immunologically related, but not identical, and all were composed of hydrophobic and hydrophilic subunit regions, although the molecular sizes of these subunits were slightly different among the three lectins. N-terminal sequence analysis of the subunits of these lectins suggested that they have a very similar structure in this region but also indicated the occurrence of N-terminal processing such as the deletion of several amino acid residues at the N-termini for both hydrophobic and hydrophilic subunits of all three lectins. Tryptic peptide mapping of the three lectins showed a similar pattern for all of them but also showed the presence of some unique peptides for each lectin.     

Induction of rat hepatic N-nitrosodimethylamine demethylase by acetone is due to protein stabilization

The N-nitrosodimethylamine demethylase (P450I-IE1) is induced severalfold in liver by giving rats ethanol, acetone, pyrazole, and other related small molecular weight compounds. This induction is not the result of an increase in IIE1 mRNA, but could be due to either an increase in translation rate or a decrease in protein degradation. To determine the mechanism of induction, we measured IIE1 synthesis and degradation rates in untreated and acetone-treated rats. This was accomplished by immunopurification of radiolabeled IIE1 protein using a specific monoclonal antibody subsequent to in vivo labeling of total cellular protein with either NaH14CO3 or [3H]leucine. We found that in rats fed acetone, the rate of IIE1 synthesis was not changed; however, IIE1 degradation was markedly altered. In untreated rats, IIE1 protein was degraded via a biphasic pathway consisting of both a rapid and slow component with approximate half-lives of 7 and 37 h, respectively. However, in acetone-treated rats, only a monophasic curve with a half-life of 37 h was observed. The abolition of the rapid degradation component of the IIE1 turnover cycle indicates that induction of IIE1 by acetone is primarily due to specific stabilization of IIE1 protein. Since acetone is also metabolized by IIE1, we believe that this may be a substrate-induced enzyme stabilization.     

厚朴类有效成分的含量测定及高效液相色谱图

用高效液相色谱法对我国木兰科植物“厚朴类”中的酚类和季胺碱类作了定性和定量分析,并提供色谱图,结果表明不同产地的“厚朴”,图谱相同,仅含量有差别,但不同种的“厚朴”,色谱图不同.此结果可作为评价“厚朴类“药材质量和鉴别的方法.根据各类厚朴有效成分的存在,有一定的规律,为木兰科植物化学分类提供了有价值的资料。     

Helper virus-free transfer of herpes simplex virus type 1 plasmid vectors into neural cells.

Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) plasmid vectors have promise for genetic intervention in the brain, but several problems caused by the helper virus have compromised their utility. To develop a helper virus-free packaging system for these vectors, the DNA cleavage/packaging signals were deleted from a set of cosmids that represents the HSV-1 genome. Following cotransfection into cells, this modified cosmid set supported replication and packaging of vector DNA. However, in the absence of the DNA cleavage/packaging signals, the HSV-1 genome was not packaged, and consequently vector stocks were free of detectable helper virus. In the absence of helper virus, the vectors efficiently infected rat neural cells in culture or in the brain with minimal cytopathic effects. beta-galactosidase-positive cells were observed for at least 1 month in vivo, and vector DNA persisted for this period. This system may facilitate studies on neuronal physiology and potential therapeutic applications.