Narrow H3K4me2 is required for chicken PGC formation

The development of primordial germ cells (PGCs) undergoes epigenetic modifications. The study of histone methylation in regulating PGCs is beneficial to understand the development and differentiation mechanism of germ stem cells. Notably, it provides a theoretical basis for directed induction and mass acquisition in vitro. However, little is known about the regulation of PGC formation by histone methylation. Here, we found the high enrichment of H3K4me2 in the blastoderm, genital ridges, and testis. Chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing was performed and the results revealed that genomic H3K4me2 is dynamic in embryonic stem cells, PGCs, and spermatogonial stem cells. This trend was consistent with the H3K4me2 enrichment in the gene promoter region. Additionally, narrow region triggered PGC‐related genes (Bmp4, Wnt5a, and Tcf7l2) and signaling pathways (Wnt and transforming growth factor‐β). After knocking down histone methylase Mll2 in vitro and vivo, the level of H3K4me2 decreased, inhibiting Cvh and Blimp1 expression, then repressing the formation of PGCs. Taken together, our study revealed the whole genome map of H3K4me2 in the formation of PGCs, contributing to improve the epigenetic study in PGC formation and providing materials for bird gene editing and rescue of endangered birds.     

蓝光对蔬菜烟粉虱的控制作用

利用灯光控制害虫是蔬菜害虫绿色防控的重要手段。本研究探讨了蓝光对黄瓜烟粉虱种群及黄瓜营养物质、次生代谢物、抗性相关酶的影响。结果表明: 在直接驱避试验条件下,蓝光对烟粉虱成虫有较强的驱避作用,光照强度越大、照射时间越长,对烟粉虱的驱避作用越强。在相同光强和光照时间下,直射光较透射光的驱避作用强。其中,1200 lx的蓝光直射烟粉虱5 min后,烟粉虱的虫口减退率为77.7%,比透射光高17.4%;1750 lx的蓝光直射2 min后,虫口减退率41.2%,比透射光高10.6%。盆栽条件下,蓝光照射对黄瓜叶片上的烟粉虱也有较好的驱避作用,100 lx蓝光照射5 h后,烟粉虱种群的校正虫口减退率达到88.5%。蓝光对烟粉虱的生长发育有一定的影响,随着蓝光照射时间的延长,烟粉虱发育历期延长。此外,蓝光照射显著提高了黄瓜叶片中可溶性糖、游离蛋白、总酚和类黄酮含量,降低了脯氨酸含量,与烟粉虱抗性相关的挥发物反式-β-法尼烯、反式-2-己烯醛、顺式-4-庚烯醛、反式β-罗勒烯、D-香芹酮、长叶烯和3-蒈烯含量,以及过氧化物酶、过氧化氢酶、超氧化物歧化酶和抗坏血酸过氧化物酶活性均显著提高。说明蓝光照射能直接驱离烟粉虱,并通过改变烟粉虱寄主蔬菜的代谢途径来提高寄主蔬菜对烟粉虱的抗性。其中100 lx的蓝光照射对田间烟粉虱有较好的控制作用。     

祁连山5种典型灌丛土壤生态化学计量特征

土壤C、N、P生态化学计量特征是体现生态系统变化过程的重要依据。该研究以分布于祁连山北麓中段的甘青锦鸡儿、鲜黄小檗、金露梅、鬼箭锦鸡儿、吉拉柳等5种典型灌丛群落为研究对象,通过野外调查采样,测定土壤有机C、N、P含量,分析了不同灌丛群落土壤C、N、P含量及其生态化学计量比的垂直分布特征,并探讨了各指标间的耦合关系,为祁连山地区土壤-植物养分关系及退化植被恢复与重建提供理论依据。结果表明:(1)祁连山北麓中段5种灌丛群落土壤有机C(45.29 g/kg)、全N(3.85 g/kg)、全P含量(0.70 g/kg)较高,均高于全国平均水平。(2)相关性分析表明,土壤有机C与全N之间呈极显著正相关(P0.01),但土壤有机C与全P以及全N与全P之间没有明显的相关性,且土壤C、N含量变化几乎完全同步。(3)各灌丛类型土壤有机C、全N含量均表现为表层高于下层,而全P含量土层间差异不显著;各灌丛群落土壤有机C、全N含量均随土层加深呈现"倒金字塔"的分布格局,但不同灌丛类型全P含量随土层加深的变化规律却不一致,且土层对全P含量的影响不显著。(4)5种灌丛群落土壤整体C∶N、C∶P、N∶P(11.29、66.99、5.67)均低于全国平均水平,各灌丛群落土壤C∶P、N∶P随土层加深均呈不同程度的下降趋势,但不同灌丛群落土壤C∶N随土层加深的变化规律有所不同。(5)土壤有机C、全N与C∶N、C∶P、N∶P之间均具有极显著的二次函数关系(P0.01),土壤全P与C∶N、C∶P、N∶P之间关系不显著。研究认为,祁连山北麓中段土壤C∶N和P含量的稳定性较高(CV=3.99%和2.66%),C∶P、N∶P是判断研究区限制性养分的重要指标,祁连山北麓中段灌丛群落土壤主要受N素的限制。     

行距和播种量对冬小麦冠层光合有效辐射垂直分布、生物量和籽粒产量的影响

为明确行距和播种量对冬小麦冠层光合有效辐射(PAR)垂直分布、生物量和籽粒产量的影响,在不增加水肥等投入的基础上,设置等行距(R₁,20 cm+20 cm)、宽窄行(R₂,12 cm+12 cm+12 cm+24 cm)两种行距方式和低(D₁,120 kg·hm^-2)、中(D₂,157.5 kg·hm^-2)、高(D₃,195 kg·hm^-2)3个播种量水平,分析不同处理组合下冬小麦主要生育时期冠层PAR的截获率及利用率、群体光合能力、生物量和产量差异。结果表明: 冬小麦冠层总PAR截获率、上层PAR截获率均表现为R₁行距显著大于R₂,而中层和下层PAR截获率则表现为R₂大于R₁,且在中层差异显著;从小麦开花至成熟期,相同播种量下R₂行距光合势(LAD)、群体光合速率(CAP)、PAR转化率和利用率都显著高于R₁,并以R₂D₂处理最大;冬小麦的群体生物量(BA)和不同层次叶片生物量(BL)均表现为随播种量增加而增加,但单株生物量(BP)则相反。在同一播种量下,BA、BL和BP均在开花期之后表现为R₂行距高于R₁,其中,BA、BP在成熟期行距间差异显著,中层和下层BL在D₂、D₃播种量下行距间差异显著;不同处理组合间冬小麦的穗数、穗粒数、千粒重、籽粒产量分别以R₂D₃、R₂D₁、R₂D₁、R₂D₂最大,其中,R₂行距下千粒重、穗粒数和籽粒产量显著大于R₁。综上,改变行距可以改善小麦冠层中下层PAR的截获量,增强冬小麦单株和群体光合能力、光合有效辐射的利用及转化效率,提高生物量和籽粒产量。在冬小麦高产栽培中,应重视通过优化田间结构,塑造麦田理想的群体光合结构,以充分利用单位土地面积上光照资源,挖掘作物自身的光合生产潜力,达到高产高效的目的。在本试验条件下,以R₂D₂配置群体光合能力、光合有效辐射利用率和产量最佳。     

参麦注射液联合西药对急性心肌梗死患者疗效及机制研究

目的:研究参麦注射液联合西药对急性心肌梗死患者的疗效及机制。方法:选择我院2016年3月~2019年12月收治的101例急性心肌梗死患者,根据随机数字表法分为对照组和观察组。对照组口服替格瑞洛治疗,观察组联用参麦注射液治疗,观察两组治疗的疗效及治疗前后血浆乳酸、脑钠肽(Brain natriuretic peptide,BNP)和血清降钙素原(Procalcitonin,PCT)、超敏C反应蛋白(Hypersensitive C-reactive protein,hs-CRP)水平及心功能指标变化。结果:观察组的有效率明显高于对照组(P<0.05);两组治疗前的血浆乳酸、BNP和PCT、hs-CRP水平无明显差异(P>0.05),治疗后,两组的上述指标明显降低(P<0.05),且观察组低于对照组(P<0.05);两组治疗前的左心室射血分数(Left ventricular ejection fraction,LVEF)、左心室舒张期末内径(End diastolic diameter of left ventricle,LVEDd)、CO和左心室收缩末期直径(leftventricular end systolic diameter,LVESd)无明显差异(P>0.05),治疗后,两组的上述指标明显改善(P<0.05),且观察组优于对照组(P<0.05);观察组的药物不良反应率为14.00%(7/50),与对照组的11.76%(6/51)相比无明显差异(P>0.05)。结论:参麦注射液联合替格瑞洛能减轻急性心肌梗死患者体内的炎症反应,改善心功能,可能与其机制有关。     

PML Suppresses Influenza Virus Replication by Promoting FBXW7 Expression

Virologica Sinica - Influenza A viruses (IAV) are responsible for seasonal flu epidemics, which can lead to high morbidity and mortality each year. Like other viruses, influenza virus can hijack...     

Congruent spatial patterns of species richness and phylogenetic diversity in karst flora: Case study of Primulina (Gesneriaceae)

The karst landform in southern China is renowned for its high levels of species diversity and endemism. Globally, karst ecosystems are under threat from unsustainable anthropogenic disturbance and climate changes and are among the most threatened ecosystems worldwide. In this study, we used the typical karst endemic genus in southern China, Primulina Hance, as a model to identify areas within the karst landform with high diversity and to investigate congruence between phylogenetic and species‐based measures of diversity. Using phylogenetic information and species distribution data, we measured geographical patterns of diversity with four metrics: species richness (SR), corrected weighted endemism (CWE), phylogenetic diversity (PD), and phylogenetic endemism (PE). Our results revealed a high spatial congruence among SR, PD, and PE, with hotspot areas identified in the Nanling Mountains (i.e., north Guangdong and northeast Guangxi) and southeast Yungui Plateau (i.e., north and southwest Guangxi), whereas the hotspots of CWE are comparatively uniform throughout the geographic extent. The categorical analysis of neo‐ and paleoendemism identified a pattern of mixed neo‐ and paleoendemism in numerous grid cells, suggesting that karst areas in southern China have acted as both “museums” and “cradles” of plant evolution. Conservation gap analysis of hotspots revealed that the majority of prioritized hotspots (>90%) of the genus are outside of protected areas, therefore indicating the limited effectiveness of national nature reserves for the karst flora. Overall, our results suggest that the karst flora merits more conservation attention and SR can be an effective surrogate to capture PD in conservation planning.