甲氰菊酯和辛硫磷及其混剂的土壤微生物降解

The degradation rates of fenpropathrin, phoxim and their mixture in un-sterilized soil were much quicker-than those in sterilized soil, which indicated that soil microorganisms played a significant role in the degradation pro-cessin soil. The half-life (T0.5) in un-sterilized soil was 56.2 d for fenpropathrin, 57.8 d for mixed fen-propathrin, 48.2 d for phoxim, and 41.7 d for mixed phoxim. The corresponding half-life (T0.5) in sterilizedsoil was 135.1 d, 147.3 d, 123.6 d, and 126.2 d, respectively. There were no significant differences for degradation rates between single use and mixed use of fenpropathrin and nhoxirn.     

The anti-fibrotic effect of betulinic acid is mediated through the inhibition of NF-κB nuclear protein translocation

The purpose of the study was to investigate the anti-fibrotic effect and the potential mechanisms of action of betulinic acid (BA) against hepatic fibrosis in vivo and in vitro. BA is an active compound isolated from the bark of the birch tree Betula spp. (Betulaceae). Liver fibrosis was induced by intraperitoneal injections of thioacetamide (TAA, 200mg/kg) twice weekly for 6weeks in Wistar rats. The administration of BA (20 or 50mg/kg) was started following TAA injections and was continued for 6 or 8weeks to evaluate both the preventive and the protective effects. BA demonstrated great efficacy in preventing and curing hepatic fibrosis via attenuating the TAA-mediated increases in liver tissue hydroxyproline and α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA). In vitro, BA effectively decreased the HSC-T6 cell viability induced by TNF-α and showed low toxicity in normal human chang liver cells. Moreover, BA significantly attenuated the expression of α-SMA and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 (TIMP-1) and increased the levels of matrix metalloprotease (MMP)-13. BA also inhibited the expression of Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88) and the activation of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) in a time-dependent manner. This study provides evidence that BA exerts a significant anti-fibrosis effect by modulating the TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB signaling pathway.     

老年冠心病患者服用抗血小板药物的依从性分析及护理对策

目的:分析老年冠心痛患者服用抗血小板药物的依从性,寻求护理干预的有效途径.方法:自行设计服用抗血小板药物依从性调查表,通过调查与健康教育相结合的方式,对128例年龄在68～95岁的老年冠心病患者服药依从性问题进行调查分析.结果:通过临床医师知道抗血小板药物作用的占100%;知道终身服用抗血小板药物意义的占35%;服用抗血小板药物遇到问题而自行停药的占0%;健康教育后能坚持终身服用抗血小板药物的占95%.结论:相对于老年冠心痛患者,有效的健康教育能极大地提高患者服药依从性.临床医护人员对患者进行健康教育的同时,对家属的教育也很重要.通过健康教育干预,使其掌握药物的基本知识,告知获益大于风险,启动家庭支持系统,可显著提高老年冠心病患者服用抗血小板药物依从性.     

Scale-Up of Mammalian Cell Culture using a New Multilayered Flask

A growing number of cell-based applications require large numbers of cells. Usage of single layer T-flasks, that are adequate during small-scale expansion, may become cumbersome, laborious and time-consuming when large numbers of cells are required. To address this need, the performance of a new multi-layered cell culture vessel to facilitate easy scale up of cells from single layered T-flasks will be discussed. The flasks tested are available in 3- and 5-layer format and enable culture and complete recovery of three and five times the number of cells respectively, compared to T-175 flasks. A key feature of the BD Multi-Flask is a mix/equilibration port that allows rapid in-vessel mixing as well as uniform distribution of cells and reagents within and between layers of each vessel and consistently produce cells that can be cultured in an environment that is congruent to T-175 flasks.The design of these Multi-Flasks also allows for convenient pipette access for adding reagents and cells directly into the flasks as well as efficient recovery of valuable cells and reagents and reduces risk of contamination due to pouring. For applications where pouring is preferred over pipetting, the design allows for minimal residual liquid retention so as to reduce wastage of valuable cells and reagents.     

苏南乡村生态植物景观营造

乡村生态植物景观营造是乡村景观建设的重要内容。本文以模拟自然、半自然植物群落为基础,对乡村生态植物景观营造进行了研究。根据乡村景观的构成要素,可以将乡村植物景观划分为村落植物景观(农户外环境植物景观)、农田植物景观、道路植物景观和水域河道植物景观;生态植物景观营造可以从自然群落中得到借鉴,以常熟为例,采用植被生态学的调查和分析方法对当地自然、半自然植物群落进行了研究,模拟形成15个可供当地应用的人工配植模式;乡村不同植物景观类型具有各自的特色和功能要求,通过分析常熟典型乡村特点,以模拟自然群落为基础,可进一步改造形成适于不同类型的乡村植物景观配植模式。     

Digestion-Promoting Effects and Mechanisms of Dashanzha Pill Based on Raw and Charred Crataegi Fructus

Emerging evidence suggests that a high-fat diet (HFD) can influence endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and gut microbiota. Crataegi Fructus is a traditional Chinese herb widely used in formulas for dyspepsia, with Dashanzha Pill composed of raw Crataegi Fructus (DR) being a representative drug. Processing products of Crataegi Fructus, however, have a stronger pro-digestive effect, and we hypothesized that Dashanzha Pill composed of charred Crataegi Fructus (DC) is more effective. We found that the contents of glucose 1-phosphate and luteolin in DR and DC were substantially different via ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-hybrid quadrupole-Orbitrap high-resolution mass spectrometry. DC outperformed DR in improving histopathological changes, increasing gastrin and motilin, and decreasing vasoactive intestinal peptides in rats with HFD induced dyspepsia. Fecal microbiota analysis revealed that DC could restore the disturbed intestinal microbiota composition, including that of Bacteroides, Akkermansia, and Intestinimonas to normal levels. Furthermore, DC significantly reduced the mRNA and protein levels of glucose-regulated protein 78, protein kinase R-like ER kinase, and eukaryotic initiation factor 2α. Taken together, DC outperformed DR in relieving dyspepsia by regulating gut microbiota and alleviating ER stress.     

Cytisine attenuates bone loss of ovariectomy mouse by preventing RANKL‐induced osteoclastogenesis

Postmenopausal Osteoporosis (PMOP) is oestrogen withdrawal characterized of much production and activation by osteoclast in the elderly female. Cytisine is a quinolizidine alkaloid that comes from seeds or other plants of the Leguminosae (Fabaceae) family. Cytisine has been shown several potential pharmacological functions. However, its effects on PMOP remain unknown. This study designed to explore whether Cytisine is able to suppress RANKL‐induced osteoclastogenesis and prevent the bone loss induced by oestrogen deficiency in ovariectomized (OVX) mice. In this study, we investigated the effect of Cytisine on RAW 264.7 cells and bone marrow monocytes (BMMs) derived osteoclast culture system in vitro and observed the effect of Cytisine on ovariectomized (OVX) mice model to imitate postmenopausal osteoporosis in vivo. We found that Cytisine inhibited F‐actin ring formation and tartrate‐resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) staining in dose‐dependent ways, as well as bone resorption by pit formation assays. For molecular mechanism, Cytisine suppressed RANK‐related trigger RANKL by phosphorylation JNK/ERK/p38‐MAPK, IκBα/p65‐NF‐κB, and PI3K/AKT axis and significantly inhibited these signalling pathways. However, the suppression of PI3K‐AKT‐NFATc1 axis was rescued by AKT activator SC79. Meanwhile, Cytisine inhibited RANKL‐induced RANK‐TRAF6 association and RANKL‐related gene and protein markers such as NFATc1, Cathepsin K, MMP‐9 and TRAP. Our study indicated that Cytisine could suppress bone loss in OVX mouse through inhibited osteoclastogenesis. All data provide the evidence that Cytisine may be a promising agent in the treatment of osteoclast‐related diseases such as osteoporosis.     

Purification, characterization, and cDNA cloning of a new fibrinogenlytic venom protein, Agkisacutacin, from Agkistrodon acutus venom

Agkisacutacin is a new fibrinogenlytic protein from Agkistrodon acutus venom. It consists of two heterologous subunits linked by an intersubunit disulfide bond. The cDNAs encoding the two chains of Agkisacutacin were cloned from a lambdagt11 cDNA library of the snake venom gland and sequenced, including the leader peptides (23/23 amino acid residues) and mature subunits (129/123 amino acid residues). It is structurally related to the family of IX/X-binding protein (IX/X-bp)-like proteins and shows high similarity (alpha-70%/beta-64%) to habu IX/X-bp from Trimeresurus flavoridis, but displays distinct biological activity with direct action on fibrinogen.     

Toxoplasma gondii α-amylase deletion mutant is a promising vaccine against acute and chronic toxoplasmosis

Individuals with inhibited immunity may develop lethal toxoplasmosis; thus, a safe and effective vaccine is urged to be developed. Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii) α-amylase (α-AMY) is one of the enzymes responsible for starch digestion. In the present study, we first generated a ME49Δα-amy mutant and discovered that loss of α-AMY robustly grew in vitro but contributed to significant virulence attenuation in vivo. Therefore, we established a mouse model to explore the protective immunity of Δα-amy mutant against acute and chronic toxoplasmosis. The results indicated that the survival rates of short-term or long-term immunized mice re-infected with the tachyzoites of multiple T. gondii strains were nearly 100%. ME49Δα-amy not only could provide protective immunity against tachyzoites infection but also could resist the infection of tissue cysts. Furthermore, we detected that ME49Δα-amy vaccination could effectively eliminate the proliferation of parasites in mice and prevent the formation of cysts. The significant increases of Th1-type cytokines, Th2-type cytokines and specific total IgG and IgG subclasses (IgG2a and IgG1) confirmed efficiency of a combination of cellular and humoral immunity against infection. In conclusion, ME49Δα-amy attenuated strain can produce strong immune responses to provide efficient protection against toxoplasmosis, which signifies that ME49Δα-amy mutant may be a potential vaccine candidate.     

猪源大肠杆菌Nissle 1917菌株的分离鉴定

【目的】证实大肠杆菌Nissle 1917作为自然菌株存在于动物猪体内,并能从猪粪便中分离。建立大肠杆菌Nissle 1917的原位杂交鉴定方法。【方法】采集135份健康断奶仔猪的新鲜粪便制备DNA模板,以人源大肠杆菌Nissle 1917为阳性对照菌株,分别针对Nissle 1917的I型菌毛亚单位Fim A、F1C菌毛亚单位Foc A及两个质粒pMUT1和pMUT2的相关基因序列设计5对特异性引物进行PCR扩增;并将其中427 bp大小的质粒片段pMUT2(a)作为目的片段回收纯化,用地高辛随机引物标记法制成DNA探针。【结果】从其中的2份DNA模板中扩增出上述5对特异性引物PCR预期大小相符的片段,初步认为大肠杆菌Nissle 1917可能存在于猪体内。应用制备的探针通过菌落原位杂交的方法从2份阳性粪便样品中筛选出2株阳性菌落,通过血清学检验、PCR扩增和测序进一步鉴定为阳性Nissle 1917菌株。【结论】动物源益生菌Nissle 1917的分离鉴定,为优良动物源益生菌研究和应用奠定了基础。