山丹不同居群花粉形态研究

为掌握山丹居群在孢粉学方面的遗传多样性,在扫描电子显微镜下对25个居群的山丹花粉进行了形态观察,结果表明:山丹花粉粒形态为单花粉粒,极面观为椭圆体,具单萌发沟。不同居群的花粉粒在大小、网眼直径、萌发沟宽、P/E值和外壁纹饰等方面存在不同程度的差异,且居群间花粉性状的变异大于居群内的变异,最大变异系数达25.52%。     

记广西田东却林缅甸先炭兽的新材料

记述了产自广西田东县却林那读组中一残破的缅甸先炭兽 (Anthracokeryxbirmanicus)头骨。通过对化石的描述 ,对该种特征进行了补充和分析 ,并认为其终生生长的上犬齿可能是用来作为争夺领域和配偶的武器。终生生长的上犬齿的发现 ,证明炭兽类具有性双形。将那读动物群和缅甸邦唐动物群进行对比 ,认为那读组的时代很可能有一部分属于中始新世     

Characterization of binding of leukotriene C4 by human multidrug resistance protein 1: evidence of differential interactions with NH2- and COOH-proximal halves of the protein

Multidrug resistance protein 1 (MRP1) is capable of actively transporting a wide range of conjugated and unconjugated organic anions. The protein can also transport additional conjugated and unconjugated compounds in a GSH- or S-methyl GSH-stimulated manner. How MRP1 binds and transports such structurally diverse substrates is not known. We have used [(3)H]leukotriene C(4) (LTC(4)), a high affinity glutathione-conjugated physiological substrate, to photolabel intact MRP1, as well as fragments of the protein expressed in insect cells. These studies revealed that: (i) LTC(4) labels sites in the NH(2)- and COOH-proximal halves of MRP1, (ii) labeling of the NH(2)-half of MRP1 is localized to a region encompassing membrane-spanning domain (MSD) 2 and nucleotide binding domain (NBD) 1, (iii) labeling of this region is dependent on the presence of all or part of the cytoplasmic loop (CL3) linking MSD1 and MSD2, but not on the presence of MSD1, (iv) labeling of the NH(2)-proximal site is preferentially inhibited by S-methyl GSH, (v) labeling of the COOH-proximal half of the protein occurs in a region encompassing transmembrane helices 14-17 and appears not to require NBD2 or the cytoplasmic COOH-terminal region of the protein, (vi) labeling of intact MRP1 by LTC(4) is strongly attenuated in the presence of ATP and vanadate, and this decrease in labeling is attributable to a marked reduction in LTC(4) binding to the NH(2)-proximal site, and (vii) the attenuation of LTC(4) binding to the NH(2)-proximal site is a consequence of ATP hydrolysis and trapping of Vi-ADP exclusively at NBD2. These data suggest that MRP1-mediated transport involves a conformational change, driven by ATP hydrolysis at NBD2, that alters the affinity with which LTC(4) binds to one of two sites composed, at least in part, of elements in the NH(2)-proximal half of the protein.     

Polyvalent inhibitory action of fusidic acid in isolated rat liver cells

The steroidic antibiotic fusidic acid showed a polyvalent action on isolated rat liver cells. It displayed a strong inhibitory capability on protein synthesis in intact cells even stronger than that previously reported in cell-free extracts. Also, it inhibited basal gluconeogenesis and promoted an increase of the membrane permeability to trypan blue. However, the effects on both protein synthesis and basal gluconeogenesis were observed at doses smaller than those required to reduce the cell viability.     

水稻中重金属的含量及其富集因素的探讨

采集我国12种土壤,进行盆栽水稻试验,结果表明:不同土壤上盆栽水稻糙米中镉、铜、锌、镍和铬的平均含量分别为0.035ppm、4.82ppm、23.45ppm、1.09ppm和0.102ppm,铅在糙米中未检出。 按自然地带划分,不同土壤上生长的糙米中6种元素除铬外,均以热带、亚热带湿润地区含量高。 不同土壤投加6种元素后种植水稻,以有机质含量高,pH适中的土壤上水稻生长较好,但各类土壤上生长的水稻均表现出受害症状。重金属在糙米中的累积随土壤pH升高而降低,随土壤有机质含量增高而减少。与土壤中<0.01毫米和<0.005毫米粒径含量呈负相关。     

皮状丝孢酵母同步利用葡萄糖/木糖的糖转运动力学简

皮状丝孢酵母（ Trichosporon cutaneum）能够同步利用葡萄糖和木糖生产油脂。以2脱氧葡萄糖（2 DOG）为底物,考察皮状丝孢酵母糖跨膜运输的转运动力学。结果表明：2 DOG转运符合米氏方程,表观米氏常数Km为0.19 mmol/L,最大转运速率Vmax为14.1 nmol/（ min＆#183;mg）。葡萄糖和木糖均竞争性抑制2 DOG转运,葡萄糖表观抑制常数Ki远低于木糖,表明存在一个共用转运体系,且该转运体系对葡萄糖亲和力更高。大量木糖与2 DOG同时转运到胞内,进一步说明木糖与葡萄糖共运输。代谢抑制剂和pH对糖转运有明显影响,说明质子/底物同向运输系统是该酵母的主要糖转运系统。     

蛇毒类激肽释放酶的研究进展

蛇毒丝氨酸蛋白酶是蛇毒中一类丰富的蛋白水解酶,具有重要的临床应用价值。其中一种丝氨酸蛋白酶一类激肽释放酶,作用于激肽原释放激肽,引起血管舒张,改善微循环,从而逐渐受到关注。对蛇毒中类激肽释放酶的分布、分离制备、生化性质、结构研究和药效研究等方面进行了综述,同时指出了目前存在的问题及今后的发展方向,以期为进一步的基础研究提供理论基础。     

The structure and roles of sterile flowers in Viburnum macrocephalum f. keteleeri (Adoxaceae)

The formation and ecological roles of sterile flowers in flowering plants are interesting issues in floral biology and evolution. Here, we investigated the morphological and anatomical characteristics of both fertile and sterile flowers of Viburnum macrocephalum f. keteleeri, a self-incompatible and insect-pollinated shrub, during different developmental stages of flowers. In addition, pollinator visitation rates and fruit set were determined in intact inflorescences and those with sterile flowers removed. The results indicate that sterile and fertile flowers were developmentally similar during early developmental stages, and that development of the flower types diverged about 15 days before flowering. In addition, pollinator visitation rates, number of pollen grains on stigmas and fruit set were significantly higher in inflorescences with sterile flowers than those without sterile flowers. The results suggest that sterile flowers of this species evolved from fertile flowers under long-term selective pressure, and play a crucial role in enhancing reproductive success through effectively attracting pollinators to the plant and thus enhancing fruit set.     

Effect of lipid composition on the structure and theoretical phase diagrams of DC-Chol/DOPE-DNA lipoplexes

Lipoplexes constituted by calf-thymus DNA (CT-DNA) and mixed cationic liposomes consisting of varying proportions of the cationic lipid 3β-[N-(N',N'-dimethylaminoethane)-carbamoyl]cholesterol hydrochloride (DC-Chol) and the zwitterionic lipid, 1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoetanolamine (DOPE) have been analyzed by means of electrophoretic mobility, SAXS, and fluorescence anisotropy experiments, as well as by theoretically calculated phase diagrams. Both experimental and theoretical studies have been run at several liposome and lipoplex compositions, defined in terms of cationic lipid molar fraction, α, and either the mass or charge ratios of the lipoplex, respectively. The experimental electrochemical results indicate that DC-Chol/DOPE liposomes, with a mean hydrodynamic diameter of around (120 ± 10) nm, compact and condense DNA fragments at their cationic surfaces by means of a strong entropically driven electrostatic interaction. Furthermore, the positive charges of cationic liposomes are compensated by the negative charges of DNA phosphate groups at the isoneutrality L/D ratio, (L/D)(?), which decreases with the cationic lipid content of the mixed liposome, for a given DNA concentration. This inversion of sign process has been also studied by means of the phase diagrams calculated with the theoretical model, which confirms all the experimental results. SAXS diffractograms, run at several lipoplex compositions, reveal that, irrespectively of the lipoplex charge ratio, DC-Chol/DOPE-DNA lipoplexes show a lamellar structure, L(α), when the cationic lipid content on the mixed liposomes α ≥ 0.4, while for a lower content (α = 0.2) the lipoplexes show an inverted hexagonal structure, H(II), usually related with improved cell transfection efficiency. A similar conclusion is reached from fluorescence anisotropy results, which indicate that the fluidity on liposome and lipoplexes membrane, also related with better transfection results, increases as long as the cationic lipid content decreases.