山葡萄转录因子基因VaDREB的克隆及其抗逆功能分析

DREB/CBF（dehydration-responsive element binding protein/C-repeat binding factor）转录因子能特异的与DRE/CRT（dehydration-responsive element/C-repeat）顺式作用元件结合,在植物干旱、高盐和低温等非生物胁迫应答中起着重要的调控作用。本研究从山葡萄中克隆得到了一个VaDREB转录因子基因（登录号XM₀02283076.1）,并对其进行了序列分析、亚细胞定位分析以及酵母和拟南芥中的功能鉴定。序列分析表明,VaDREB开放阅读框全长459 bp,编码152个氨基酸,预测蛋白质分子量为17 kDa,等电点为8.67,包含一个AP2/ERF结合域。氨基酸序列比对和系统进化分析结果表明,该基因属于DREB/CBF转录因子A-5亚类。亚细胞定位结果表明VaDREB蛋白定位于细胞核中。重组酵母菌株与表达VaDREB基因的转基因拟南芥株系均表现出明显增强的盐、干旱、低温和高温胁迫耐受性表型,基因表达分析结果表明,转基因拟南芥株系中抗逆相关功能基因的表达量出现了明显上调,这些结果证明VaDREB转录因子在植物抗逆调控过程中起着重要作用。     

Response Characteristics between Sulfate-Reducing Bacteria and Environmental Factors in Petroleum Hydrocarbon-Contaminated Field of Northeast China

Lithology samples were collected from six sites of a petroleum hydrocarbon-contaminated site in northeast China along a contamination plume. The sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) diversity of all samples was analyzed by PCR-DGGE technology. The Shannon-Wiener indexes (1.004–3.665), Simpson indexes (0.516–0.907) and Pielou indexes (0.996–1.004) of all samples were used to characterize the abundances, advantages and evenness of the microbial communities. Additionally, Canoco for Windows 4.5 was utilized to analyze the correlation between dominant SRB and environmental factors. The results showed that the abundance, advantages and evenness of the sulfate-reducing bacterial community changed regularly along the contamination plume direction. The microbial homology of the samples was not high (0.25–0.80), and the dominant bacteria exhibited heteroplasmy. Additionally, the dominant bacteria were identified as uncultured bacteria. Canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) analysis showed that the distribution and structure of SRB communities were not obviously correlated with the concentration of total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPH), dissolved oxygen (DO) and other environmental factors. The results presented herein provide evidence of natural bioremediation in petroleum hydrocarbon-contaminated fields and information that will be useful to bioremediation of other contaminated fields.     

原肌球蛋白相关激酶B在肿瘤中的研究进展

原肌球蛋白相关激酶B(tropomyosin-related kinase B,TrkB)是一种神经营养性酪氨酸受体激酶,通过介导丝裂原活化蛋白激酶(mitogen-activated protein kinases,MAPK)、磷脂酶C-γ(phospholipase C-γ,PLC-γ)、磷脂酰肌醇3-激酶(pho...     

DNA聚合酶iota在HEK-293细胞中高表达体系的建立

目的:将带有DNA聚合酶iota(DNA Polymerase iota,Polι)目的基因的真核表达质粒PCDNA3.1转入HEK-293细胞,建立DNA聚合酶iota在HEK-293细胞中的高表达体系,为进一步研究DNA聚合酶在DNA损伤修复中的生物学功能奠定了基础.方法:用脂质体2000(Lipofectamine2000)将带有目的基因的真核表达质粒PCDNA3.1转入HEK-293细胞,通过G418筛选抗性克隆,用一步法提取细胞总RNA,采用逆转录聚合酶链式反应(RT-PCR)技术检测出高表达克隆.结果:通过G418筛选筛选出了具有G418抗性的克隆,通过RT-PCR技术检测出高表达DNA聚合酶iota的HEK-293细胞系.结论:建立了高表达DNA聚合酶iota的HEK-293细胞系.为进一步研究DNA聚合酶在DNA损伤修复中的生物学功能奠定了基础.     

Response of physiological integration in Trifolium repens to heterogeneity of UV-B radiation

Physiological integration has been documented in many clonal plants growing under resource heterogeneity. Little is still known about the response of physiological integration to heterogeneous ultraviolet-B radiation. In this paper, the changes in intensity of physiological integration and of physiological parameters under homogeneous and heterogeneous ultraviolet-B radiation (280-315 nm) were measured in order to test the hypothesis that in addition to resource integration a defensive integration in Trifolium repens might exist as well. For this purpose, homogeneous and heterogeneous ultraviolet-B radiation was applied to pairs of connected and severed ramets of the stoloniferous herb Trifolium repens. Changes in intensity of water and nutrient integration were followed with acid fuchsin dye and ¹⁵N-isotope labeling of the xylem water transport. In order to assess the patterns of physiological integration contents of chlorophyll, ultraviolet-B absorbing compounds, soluble sugar and protein were determined and activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and peroxidase (POD) measured. When ramets were connected and exposed to heterogeneous UV-B radiation, the velocity of water transportation from the UV-B treated ramet to its connected sister ramet was markedly lower and the percentage of ¹⁵N left in labelled ramets that suffered from enhanced UV-B radiation was higher and their transfer to unlabelled ramets lower. In comparison with clones under homogeneous ultraviolet-B radiation, the content of chlorophyll, ultraviolet-B absorbing compounds, soluble sugar and activities of SOD and POD increased notably if ultraviolet-B stressed ramets were connected to untreated ramets. Chlorophyll and UV-B absorbing compounds were shared between connected ramets under heterogeneous UV-B radiation. This indicated that physiological connection improved the performance of whole clonal plants under heterogeneous ultraviolet-B radiation. The intensity of physiological integration of T. repens for resources decreased under heterogeneous ultraviolet-B radiation in favor of the stressed ramets. Ultraviolet-B stressed ramets benefited from unstressed ramets by physiological integration, supporting the hypothesis that clonal plants are able to optimize the efficiency of their resistance maintaining their presence also in less favorable sites. The results could be helpful for further understanding of the function of heterogeneous UV-B radiation on growth regulation and microevolution in clonal plants.     

Decreased DMT1 and increased ferroportin 1 expression is the mechanisms of reduced iron retention in macrophages by erythropoietin in rats

Recycled iron from reticuloendothelial macrophages to erythroid precursors is important to maintain the iron homeostasis. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying iron homeostasis in macrophages are poorly understood. In this study, male Sprague-Dawley rats were treated with recombinant human erythropoietin (rHuEpo, 500 IU/day, s.c.) for 3 days. At the fifth day, peritoneal exudate macrophages were harvested, and then (55)Fe uptake and release were measured by liquid scintillation counting method. The expression of divalent metal transporter 1 (DMT1) and ferroportin 1 (FPN1) in peritoneal exudate macrophages was detected by RT-PCR and Western blot. In order to exclude the direct effect of rHuEpo on macrophages, the parallel experiments were performed with incubation normal peritoneal exudate macrophages with rHuEpo (2 IU/ml). Our results showed rHuEpo injection reduced the peritoneal exudate macrophages iron retention. The uptake of Fe(II) was decreased via the suppression of DMT1 (+IRE) expression and the release of Fe(II) was increased with increasing the expression of FPN1 in macrophages. Moreover, the expression of HAMP mRNA was four times lower in rHuEpo-treated liver of rats than control group (CG). HAMP mRNA expression was increased; the synthesis of DMT1 had no significant change, whereas the FPN1 was decreased in normal peritoneal exudate macrophages after treatment with rHuEpo in vitro. We conclude that hepcidin may play a major, causative role in the change of FPN1 synthesis and that decreased the iron retention in macrophages of rHuEpo-treated rats.     

棘豆属（豆科）一新组

记载了棘豆属一新组。目前该组包括二个种,它们是：黄穗棘豆和绿黄棘豆。过去,国内的学都将黄毛棘豆与黄穗棘豆等同。而文中作者认为黄毛棘豆是黄穗棘豆的一个变种。另外异色黄毛棘豆被作为变种处理。绿黄棘豆是一个中国新分布种。     

Monitoring vegetation recovery after China’s May 2008 Wenchuan earthquake using Landsat TM time-series data: a case study in Mao County

The Wenchuan earthquake (Richter scale 8) on 12 May 2008 in southwestern China caused widespread ecosystem damage in the Longmenshan area. It is important to evaluate natural vegetation recovery processes and provide basic information on ecological aspects of the recovering environment after the earthquake. To circumvent the weather limits of remote sensing in the Wenchuan earthquake-hit areas, and to meet the need for regional observation analyses, three Landsat TM images pre- and post-earthquake in Mao County were used for analysis. Post-earthquake normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) values were compared to pre-earthquake values with an NDVI-based index differencing method to determine the extent to which the vegetation was damaged in relation to the pre-earthquake pattern, and the rate of recovery was evaluated. The spatial characteristics of vegetation loss and natural recovery patterns were analyzed in relation to elevation, slope and aspect. The results indicated that severely damaged sites occurred mainly in river valleys, within a range of 1,500?C2,500?m elevation and on slopes of 25?C55°. The distance from rivers, rather than the distance from active faults, controls the damage patterns. After 1?year of natural regeneration, 36?% of the destroyed areas showed a decrease in NDVI value, 28.8?% showed very little change, 19.1?% showed an increase, and 16.1?% also increased with a recovery rate greater than 100?%. Moreover, there is a good correlation between recovery rate and both slope and elevation, but recovery patterns in the damaged area are complicated. Our results indicate that natural recovery in this arid valley is a slow process.     

Genetic variation within and among populations of a wild rice Oryza granulata from China detected by RAPD and ISSR markers

Genetic variation within and between five populations of Oryza granulata from two regions of China was investigated using RAPD (random amplified polymorphic DNA) and ISSR (inter-simple sequence repeat amplification) markers. Twenty RAPD primers used in this study amplified 199 reproducible bands with 61 (30.65%) polymorphic; and 12 ISSR primers amplified 113 bands with 52 (46.02%) polymorphic. Both RAPD and ISSR analyses revealed a low level of genetic diversity in wild populations of O. granulata. Furthermore, analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) was used to apportion the variation within and between populations both within and between regions. As the RAPD markers revealed, 73.85% of the total genetic diversity resided between the two regions, whereas only 19.45% and 6.70% were present between populations within regions and within a population respectively. Similarly, it was shown by ISSR markers that a great amount of variation (49.26%) occurred between the two regions, with only 38.07% and 12.66% between populations within regions and within a population respectively. Both the results of a UPGMA cluster, based on Jaccard coefficients, and pairwise distance analysis agree with that of the AMOVA partition. This is the first report of the partitioning of genetic variability within and among populations of O. granulata at the DNA level, which is in general agreement with a recent study on the same species in China using allozyme analysis. Our results also indicated that the percentage of polymorphic bands (PPB) detected by ISSR is higher than that detected by RAPD. It seems that ISSR is superior to RAPD in terms of the polymorphism detected and the amplification reproducibility. Received: 29 March 2000 / Accepted: 15 May 2000