基于GABA A受体评估双氟沙星对异育银鲫的安全性

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若尔盖人-狼冲突现状与管理研究

大中型食肉动物肇事事件导致人类与野生动物关系恶化,给生物多样性保护工作带来巨大的挑战。若尔盖湿地是我国三大湿地之一,湿地、草原分布广泛,生物多样性丰富,畜牧业发达,但近年来狼(Canis lupus)捕杀牲畜的肇事事件时有发生。为了解若尔盖野生狼肇事件的空间分布以及牧民对人-狼冲突管理的看法,本研究于2022年对若尔盖县13个乡镇83个行政村进行走访调查。结果表明：(1)多数受访者(66.0%)认为在过去5年内,若尔盖县野生狼数量有所增加;(2)狼肇事事件具有明显的空间分异性,最严重的是包座乡。包座乡临近山区,该区域牧场面积广阔、牧民饲养牲畜数量多等原因导致该镇发生狼肇事事件较多;(3)对于狼肇事,绝大多数牧民(85.0%)更希望采取经济补偿或者驱赶措施,只有少数牧民(9.4%)希望采取捕杀的措施;(4)影响牧民对狼肇事管理措施的偏好因子中,受教育程度、年龄、民族以及被杀牲畜数量有显著影响。建议加强狼种群监测管理,采取措施减少狼捕杀牲畜,优化补偿机制,缓解当地牧民与狼之间的矛盾。本研究为当前若尔盖县野生动物保护和管理决策提供了依据,对其他地区大型食肉动物与当地居民冲突管理具有借鉴意义。     

竹叶眼子菜居群遗传多样性和克隆结构

采用ISSR技术对长江中游南岸豹澥湖和大冶湖不同生境中的竹叶眼子菜(Potamogeton malaianus)居群的遗传多样性及克隆结构进行了研究.结果表明,在两居群的106株个体中,利用6条ISSR引物共得到40条符合3/N标准并无连锁不平衡的清晰位点,竹叶眼子菜具有较高的遗传多样性,其多态位点百分率为75.0％,Shannon多样性指数为0.3736, 两居群的遗传分化很小.竹叶眼子菜的克隆多样性很高(D=0.9917),两居群间的克隆分化很大,不具有共有的基因型.竹叶眼子菜的基株分布为游击型构型,位于湖心的大冶居群克隆距离(3.0～31.5 m)明显地大于湖岸豹澥居群(2.4～6.7 m).     

关于晚古生代楔叶属(楔叶纲)的名实问题

简要回顾Sphenophyllum Koenig和Sphenophyllum Brongniart的研究历史,详细讨论该属命名中存在的问题。这两者是基于相同的模式（即Sphenophyllites emarginatus Brongniart,1822）建立的。根据2006年《国际植物命名法规》（维也纳法规）规则32．1,14．4和附录Ⅲ,Sphenophyllum Koenig因没有明确的发表日期（出版年）,故为非法名称,应予废弃;而Sphenophyllum Brongniart因广为使用已被提议为保留名,其命名异名Sphenophyllites Brongniart,1822应被废弃。因此,正确名称应是Sphenophyllum Brongniart,1828。     

Mouse zona pellucida glycoproteins mZP2 and mZP3 undergo carboxy-terminal proteolytic processing in growing oocytes.

The extracellular coat, or zona pellucida, of the mouse egg consists of three glycoproteins, called mZP1-3. The glycoproteins are synthesized and secreted concomitantly by growing oocytes during their 2-3-week growth phase. Each of the glycoproteins has a consensus furin cleavage site (-Arg-X-Lys/Arg-Arg-) near the C-terminus of their polypeptide. Here, several approaches were employed to determine whether nascent mZP2 and mZP3 are cleaved at the consensus sites, -Arg-Ser-Lys-Arg- and -Arg-Asn-Arg-Arg-, respectively, prior to secretion. Molecular mass determinations of deglycosylated mZP2 and mZP3 suggest that their polypeptides are approximately 9 and approximately 7 kDa smaller, respectively, than predicted from exon sequences. Two-dimensional thin-layer chromatographic analyses were also carried out to identify amino acids released from the C-terminus of mZP2 and mZP3 by carboxypeptidase B. On the basis of exon sequences, there are no Arg residues at the predicted C-terminus of the mature glycoproteins. However, for both mZP2 and mZP3, Arg residues were released by carboxypeptidase B, consistent with processing at the consensus furin cleavage site. Furthermore, an antiserum raised against an mZP3 peptide, located downstream of the consensus furin cleavage site, failed to label purified mZP3 on Western immunoblots. The antiserum also failed to label the zona pellucida of oocytes examined by laser scanning confocal microscopy. Collectively, these results strongly suggest that mZP2 and mZP3 are processed at their consensus furin cleavage site prior to secretion and incorporation into the zona pellucida.     

Evidence for a novel GTPase priming step in the SRP protein targeting pathway.

Protein targeting by the signal recognition particle (SRP) pathway requires the interaction of two homologous GTPases that reciprocally regulate each other's GTPase activity, the SRP signal peptide- binding subunit (SRP54) and the SRP receptor alpha-subunit (SRalpha). The GTPase domain of both proteins abuts a unique 'N domain' that appears to facilitate external ligand binding. To examine the relationship between the unusual regulation and unique architecture of the SRP pathway GTPases, we mutated an invariant glycine in Escherichia coli SRP54 and SRalpha orthologs ('Ffh' and 'FtsY', respectively) that resides at the N-GTPase domain interface. A G257A mutation in Ffh produced a lethal phenotype. The mutation did not significantly affect Ffh function, but severely reduced interaction with FtsY. Likewise, mutation of FtsY Gly455 produced growth defects and inhibited interaction with Ffh. The data suggest that Ffh and FtsY interact only in a 'primed' conformation which requires interdomain communication. Based on these results, we propose that the distinctive features of the SRP pathway GTPases evolved to ensure that SRP and the SR engage external ligands before interacting with each other.     

Discovery of 1-amino-4-phenylcyclohexane-1-carboxylic acid and its influence on agonist selectivity between human melanocortin-4 and -1 receptors in linear pentapeptides

Linear pentapeptides (Penta-cis-Apc-DPhe-Arg-Trp-Gly-NH2) containing 1-amino-4-phenylcyclohexane-1-carboxylic acid (cis-Apc) and substituted Apc are potent hMC4R agonists and they are inactive or weakly active in hMC1R, hMC3R, and hMC5R agonist assays. This study, together with our earlier report on 5-BrAtc, demonstrated the importance of replacing His6 with phenyl-containing rigid templates in achieving good hMC4R agonist potency and selectivity against hMC1R in linear pentapeptides.