黄土高原次生林演替对团聚体有机碳含量及化学稳定性的影响

次生林演替过程中土壤团聚体有机碳的积累机制和化学稳定性研究较少。为探明次生林演替对土壤团聚体有机碳含量及其化学组成稳定性的影响,选取黄土高原次生白桦林(演替初期),山杨辽东栎混交林(演替中期)和辽东栎林(演替后期)为研究对象,分析演替过程中不同粒径土壤团聚体有机碳含量变化特征。采用傅里叶红外光谱技术(FTRI)测定活性(AC)和非活性(IC)有机碳化学组成,以(IC/AC)作为有机碳化学组成稳定性指标,并分析其影响因素。结果表明:次生林演替过程中土壤团聚体有机碳含量表现出逐渐增加的趋势且各群落间差异显著(P<0.05),以演替后期的中等粒径团聚体为最高(37.63 g/kg)。土壤团聚体AC中多糖体有机碳含量最高(55.87%),而IC中芳香族有机碳含量最高(94.45%),演替过程中IC与AC总体变化趋势均呈现先降后增。IC/AC随着演替的进行呈先降低后升高的趋势,其中演替后期微团聚体有机碳化学组成稳定性最强达到了3.95。微团聚体含量(WM)与土壤全氮、全磷、全钾一起,显著促进了团聚体有机碳化学组成稳定性(P<0.05)。综上,次生林演替有利于促进土壤团聚体有机碳的积累以及有机碳化学稳定,其中微团聚体起到了关键性作用。     

慕课背景下“微生物工程”实验课开放式教学模式探索

慕课等线上学习平台是教育信息化的结果,结合慕课对传统教学进行突破是近年来教学改革的热点之一.“微生物工程”课程是高等院校生物技术、生物工程专业的必修课,该课程具有很强的应用性和实践性.为了加深学生对理论知识的理解、培养学生的科研思维,我们在微生物工程实验课的教学中引入了一种基于慕课教学资源的开放式教学模式.结果 表明,...     

深海沉积物高效脱氮菌筛选分离及其脱氮特性研究

【背景】深海海域具有高压、低温、无光等环境条件,蕴含着丰富而独特的微生物资源。【目的】从深海沉积物中定向分离、筛选脱氮效率高的好氧脱氮菌株资源,并揭示其脱氮特性,为开发水体脱氮微生物技术提供物质基础。【方法】以东太平洋、南大西洋、西南印度洋共10个站位的深海沉积物为研究材料,在28°C下使用无机氮源连续进行两轮富集培养,然后定性筛选可以脱除氨氮、亚硝态氮和硝态氮的菌株,并通过形态学和16S rRNA基因序列分析进行初步分类鉴定;对优选得到的功能菌株,分别采用以氨氮、亚硝态氮、硝态氮为唯一氮源的培养基定量研究其生长和脱氮性能。【结果】从10份大洋深海沉积物样品中共分离得到49株好氧反硝化菌,其中3株在有氧条件下反硝化效率较高,分别命名为Pseudomonassp.G111、Pseudomonassp.G112和Dietziamaris W023a,其中菌株G111和G112与模式菌株博岑假单胞菌Pseudomonas bauzanensis BZ93T的16S rRNA基因序列相似度为99.2%,菌株W023a与模式菌株海洋迪茨氏菌DietziamarisATCC35013T的16SrRNA基因序列相似度为99.9%。菌株G111、G112和W023a培养48h后,对氨氮的脱除率分别为98.0%、85.2%和97.6%;对亚硝态氮的脱除率分别为71.9%、67.5%和34.7%;对硝态氮的脱除率分别为66.0%、52.6%和56.3%。菌株G111、G112和W023a均为异养硝化-好氧反硝化菌,可通过好氧反硝化作用将亚硝态氮和硝态氮还原为含氮气体,也可通过异养硝化-好氧反硝化作用将氨氮转化为含氮气体。【结论】从深海沉积物中分离筛选得到3株高效好氧反硝化菌,所获得的菌株在水体净化、污水处理、生态系统修复等领域具有应用潜力。     

粪产碱杆菌的分离鉴定及其生物转化作用

【背景】硫化氢(H2S)作为畜牧生产过程中释放的一种有毒有害气体,严重危害畜禽和人类的健康,因此降解硫化氢特别是生物氧化法转化硫化氢已成为当前研究热点。【目的】筛选高效硫氧化菌株并研究其生物转化作用。【方法】以长春市某养鸡场采集的新鲜粪便为材料,分离鉴定硫氧化菌株。采用单因素分析法优化其生长条件,研究生物转化效率,检测soxY、soxZ基因m RNA表达水平。【结果】获得一株高效硫氧化菌株JF9,经鉴定为粪产碱杆菌。最佳生长条件:底物浓度0.5 g/L,温度35°C,初始pH 7.0,在此条件下Na2S去除率达94%以上。菌株JF9存在soxY和soxZ基因,其转录水平在硫源诱导前后差异显著(P0.05)。【结论】分离得到的粪产碱杆菌具有良好的硫化物转化能力,脱硫过程中硫氧化基因高效表达。     

A toolbox for class I HDACs reveals isoform specific roles in gene regulation and protein acetylation

The class I histone deacetylases are essential regulators of cell fate decisions in health and disease. While pan- and class-specific HDAC inhibitors are available, these drugs do not allow a comprehensive understanding of individual HDAC function, or the therapeutic potential of isoform-specific targeting. To systematically compare the impact of individual catalytic functions of HDAC1, HDAC2 and HDAC3, we generated human HAP1 cell lines expressing catalytically inactive HDAC enzymes. Using this genetic toolbox we compare the effect of individual HDAC inhibition with the effects of class I specific inhibitors on cell viability, protein acetylation and gene expression. Individual inactivation of HDAC1 or HDAC2 has only mild effects on cell viability, while HDAC3 inactivation or loss results in DNA damage and apoptosis. Inactivation of HDAC1/HDAC2 led to increased acetylation of components of the COREST co-repressor complex, reduced deacetylase activity associated with this complex and derepression of neuronal genes. HDAC3 controls the acetylation of nuclear hormone receptor associated proteins and the expression of nuclear hormone receptor regulated genes. Acetylation of specific histone acetyltransferases and HDACs is sensitive to inactivation of HDAC1/HDAC2. Over a wide range of assays, we determined that in particular HDAC1 or HDAC2 catalytic inactivation mimics class I specific HDAC inhibitors. Importantly, we further demonstrate that catalytic inactivation of HDAC1 or HDAC2 sensitizes cells to specific cancer drugs. In summary, our systematic study revealed isoform-specific roles of HDAC1/2/3 catalytic functions. We suggest that targeted genetic inactivation of particular isoforms effectively mimics pharmacological HDAC inhibition allowing the identification of relevant HDACs as targets for therapeutic intervention.     

桑黄菌丝体粗多糖的提取方法研究

采用正交试验设计,以桑黄菌丝体粗多糖含量为考察指标,用苯酚—硫酸法,分别确定了热水浸提法、微波辅助提取法和超声提取法的最佳工艺。通过极差分析得出:热水浸提法的最优工艺为浸提时间3 h、浸提3次、液料质量比50∶1、浸提温度90℃,粗多糖提取率为2.10%;微波提取法的最优工艺为微波处理15 min、液料质量比50∶1、提取3次,提取率为4.18%;超声提取法的最优工艺为超声30 min、提取2次、液料质量比60∶1、温度60℃、频率60 Hz,提取率为3.02%。微波辅助法与热水浸提法相比,时间缩短,且提取率提高近1倍;与超声提取法相比,时间缩短1/2,但提取率提高40%。因此,微波辅助提取法速度更快、提取效率更高、操作更简便,优于其他2种方法。     

Pretreatments of Broussonetia papyrifera: in vitro assessment on gas and methane production,fermentation characteristic,and methanogenic archaea profile

ObjectiveThe present study was conducted to examine the gas production, fermentation characteristics, nutrient degradation, and methanogenic community composition of a rumen fluid culture with Broussonetia papyrifera (B. papyrifera) subjected to ensiling or steam explosion (SE) pretreatment.MethodsFresh B. papyrifera was collected and pretreated by ensiling or SE, which was then fermented with ruminal fluids as ensiled B. papyrifera group, steam-exploded B. papyrifera group, and untreated B. papyrifera group. The gas and methane production, fermentation characteristics, nutrient degradation, and methanogenic community were determined during the fermentation.ResultsCumulative methane production was significantly improved with SE pretreatment compared with ensiled or untreated biomass accompanied with more volatile fatty acids production. After 72 h incubation, SE and ensiling pretreatments decreased the acid detergent fiber contents by 39.4% and 22.9%, and neutral detergent fiber contents by 10.6% and 47.2%, respectively. Changes of methanogenic diversity and abundance of methanogenic archaea corresponded to the variations in fermentation pattern and methane production.ConclusionCompared with ensiling pretreatment, SE can be a promising technique for the efficient utilization of B. papyrifera, which would contribute to sustainable livestock production systems.