PACAP protects neuronal differentiated PC12 cells against the neurotoxicity induced by a mitochondrial complex I inhibitor, rotenone

In vivo and in vitro studies have suggested a neuroprotective role for Pituitary adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide (PACAP) against neuronal insults. Here, we showed that PACAP27 protects against neurotoxicity induced by rotenone, a mitochondrial complex I inhibitor that has been implicated in the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease (PD). The neuroprotective effect of PACAP27 was dose-dependent and blocked by its specific receptor antagonist, PACAP6-27. The effects of PACAP27 on rotenone-induced cell death were mimicked by dibutyryl-cAMP (db-cAMP), forskolin and prevented by the PKA inhibitor H89, the ERK inhibitor PD98059 and the p38 inhibitor SB203580. PACAP27 administration blocked rotenone-induced increases in the level of caspase-3-like activity, whereas could not restore mitochondrial activity damaged by rotenone. Thus, our results demonstrate that PACAP27 has a neuroprotective role against rotenone-induced neurotoxicity in neuronal differentiated PC12 cells and the neuroprotective effects of PACAP are associated with activation of MAP kinase pathways by PKA and with inhibition of caspase-3 activity; the signaling mechanism appears to be mediated through mitochondrial-independent pathways.     

濒危药用植物桃儿七的离体培养研究

以桃儿七种子诱导的无菌苗为材料,研究了外源激素对芽诱导、增殖和生根的影响,建立了桃儿七离体培养再生体系。结果表明：芽诱导阶段,采用3.0 mg·L^-1 6-BA+0.5 mg·L^-1 GA₃激素组合,出芽率最高可达85-71%,缩短出芽时间30~40 d,在添加3.0 mg·L^-1 6-BA+0.2 mg·L^-1 IAA的MS培养基上利于增殖,增殖速度快,增殖系数1.63。以WPM+1.5 mg·L^-1 IAA+0.5 mg·L^-1 NAA的培养基培养30 d 后,生根率可达60.1%。     

ABA与植物胁迫抗性

ABA是一种重要的植物激素,受到生物胁迫和非生物胁迫的调控,在植物对胁迫耐受性和抗性中发挥着重要作用。本文着重阐述了植物胁迫对ABA的生物合成和代谢的调控、ABA在调控气孔关闭和调控基因表达从而调控植物耐逆性方面的作用,以及植物胁迫信号转导途径间的联系和交叉。     

Breeding bacterial blight-resistant hybrid rice with the cloned bacterial blight resistance gene Xa21

The cloned bacterial blight (BB) resistance gene Xa21 was transferred into Minghui63, a widely used restorer line of indica hybrid rice in China, through an Agrobacterium-mediated system. Molecular and resistance analyses revealed that the Xa21 gene was integrated in the genomes of transgenic plants and their progeny inherited resistance stably. For the purpose of hybrid breeding, Xa21 transgenic homozygous restorer lines were selected through `within-lane' dosage comparison of hybridization signal in combination with PCR and resistance analyses. The selected transgenic restorer lines were then crossed with a commonly used sterile line, Zhenshan97A, to produce Xa21 transgenic hybrid rice, Shanyou63-Xa21. The hybrid rice plants with Xa21 displayed high broad-spectrum resistance to Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo) races and maintained elite agronomic characters of Shanyou63. The propagation of this BB-resistant hybrid variety with Xa21 will benefit rice production.     

双乙酸钠对小鼠肠道菌群结构和功能的影响

肠道菌群在功能和代谢方面的研究日益成熟,但针对食品添加剂双乙酸钠对人体肠道菌群作用的研究目前仍鲜少有报道。为了探究其对肠道菌群及人体健康的潜在益处及危害,以小鼠为模型,以双乙酸钠为干预物质,干预剂量为0.3 g/(kg·d),干预1周后,收集实验小鼠和空白对照组小鼠的粪便并用菌群16S rDNA高通量测序进行肠道菌群的物种鉴定和丰度检测。对所得数据进行分析,得到小鼠肠道菌群的多样性与丰度比例等指标。结果显示,实验剂量下的双乙酸钠干预后,小鼠的肠道菌群无论是菌群种类还是丰度都有了显著改变,属水平新增447种,减少142种。根据丰度比例变化最显著的9种菌,如拟杆菌属(Bacteroides)、AKK(Akkermansia)等,并结合菌群代谢功能预测,脂肪酸合成显著上调,碳水化合物代谢、氨基酸代谢、脂代谢等明显下调,推测摄入高剂量的双乙酸钠可能有增加肥胖、过敏、慢性炎症和肠胃炎的风险。     

基于地统计学的黄土高寒区典型林地土壤水分盈亏状况研究

土壤水分是黄土高寒区水循环、地下水补给和植被恢复的关键因素,基于地统计学研究土壤水分空间分布及其盈亏状况,揭示林地土壤水分的空间分布规律、变异特征及空间结构,对于区域植被恢复具有重要价值。以大通县安门滩小流域人工林地作为研究对象,运用地统计学方法对其5月、7月和9月的土壤储水量、林地耗水量和土壤水分盈亏量进行综合分析。研究结果表明:(1)土壤储水量总体表现为9月5月7月,而林地耗水量为7月9月5月,5—7月绝大多数林地的土壤水分呈亏损状态,而7—9月所有林地土壤水分都得到了补充,总体来看,5—9月研究区多数林地的土壤水分有所盈余,土壤储水量、林地耗水量和土壤水分盈亏量均采用指数模型作为最优理论变异函数模型;(2)5月、7月和9月土壤储水量呈南高北低、西高东低的空间分异规律,且西南-东北方向变异较东南-西北方向剧烈;各月林地耗水量在西南-东北方向变异较东南-西北方向剧烈,总体表现为西南部区域低于东北部区域;在5—7月、7—9月和5—9月这三个时期内,土壤水分盈亏量的取值均呈现出东北部区域小于西南部区域的特点。综上,当地土壤水分状况与林地耗水量分布格局并不完全匹配,虽然绝大部分林分能够维持土壤水分收支平衡,但部分山脚处的青杨林地和中部区域的华北落叶松林地出现了土壤水分亏损的现象。为防止林地水分环境恶化,在之后黄土高寒区的植被建设过程中,应适当调整林分配置。     

水稻矮缩病毒昆明分离物抗血清制备及免疫捕捉PCR检测

由水稻矮缩病毒(Rice dwarf viru S,RDV)引起的水稻矮缩病害,最早由日本报道,随后在东南亚等国以及我国的福建、云南等南方稻区普遍发生,云南主要发生于中部及南部地区[1].水稻在苗期至分蘖期感病后,植株矮缩,分蘖增多,叶片浓绿,僵直,出现白斑,生长后期病稻不能抽穗结实,在暴发流行年份可以引起水稻的严重减产.     

一株广谱中和抗原性出血热病毒株的发现

一株分离自杭州市褐家鼠的出血热病毒Gou_3株的免疫血清对10株I型病毒的中和滴度除二株为160外均为320,而对4株Ⅱ型病毒的滴度为320—640,说明Gou_3株免疫血清对两型毒株中和效价大多数无差异或只差2倍,是一株中和抗原广谱的毒株。用I型和Ⅱ型毒株免疫血清对Gou_3株进行型别检定结果表明Gou_3株是Ⅱ型病毒。