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81.
Hasan Muhammad A. Shahid Hira Khan Hashim R. Qazi Saad A. Fraser Matthew 《Applied psychophysiology and biofeedback》2021,46(2):183-194
Applied Psychophysiology and Biofeedback - Neurofeedback (NF) training based on alpha upregulation has been widely used on patient and healthy populations. However, active voluntary modulation of... 相似文献
82.
Background
Human sexual orientation is influenced by genetic and non-shared environmental factors as are two important psychological correlates – childhood gender typicality (CGT) and adult gender identity (AGI). However, researchers have been unable to resolve the genetic and non-genetic components that contribute to the covariation between these traits, particularly in women.Methodology/Principal Findings
Here we performed a multivariate genetic analysis in a large sample of British female twins (N = 4,426) who completed a questionnaire assessing sexual attraction, CGT and AGI. Univariate genetic models indicated modest genetic influences on sexual attraction (25%), AGI (11%) and CGT (31%). For the multivariate analyses, a common pathway model best fitted the data.Conclusions/Significance
This indicated that a single latent variable influenced by a genetic component and common non-shared environmental component explained the association between the three traits but there was substantial measurement error. These findings highlight common developmental factors affecting differences in sexual orientation. 相似文献83.
Gehrmann U Qazi KR Johansson C Hultenby K Karlsson M Lundeberg L Gabrielsson S Scheynius A 《PloS one》2011,6(7):e21480
Background
Intercellular communication can occur via the release of membrane vesicles. Exosomes are nanovesicles released from the endosomal compartment of cells. Depending on their cell of origin and their cargo they can exert different immunoregulatory functions. Recently, fungi were found to produce extracellular vesicles that can influence host-microbe interactions. The yeast Malassezia sympodialis which belongs to our normal cutaneous microbial flora elicits specific IgE- and T-cell reactivity in approximately 50% of adult patients with atopic eczema (AE). Whether exosomes or other vesicles contribute to the inflammation has not yet been investigated.Objective
To investigate if M. sympodialis can release nanovesicles and whether they or endogenous exosomes can activate PBMC from AE patients sensitized to M. sympodialis.Methods
Extracellular nanovesicles isolated from M. sympodialis, co-cultures of M. sympodialis and dendritic cells, and from plasma of patients with AE and healthy controls (HC) were characterised using flow cytometry, sucrose gradient centrifugation, Western blot and electron microscopy. Their ability to stimulate IL-4 and TNF-alpha responses in autologous CD14, CD34 depleted PBMC was determined using ELISPOT and ELISA, respectively.Results
We show for the first time that M. sympodialis releases extracellular vesicles carrying allergen. These vesicles can induce IL-4 and TNF-α responses with a significantly higher IL-4 production in patients compared to HC. Exosomes from dendritic cell and M. sympodialis co-cultures induced IL-4 and TNF-α responses in autologous CD14, CD34 depleted PBMC of AE patients and HC while plasma exosomes induced TNF-α but not IL-4 in undepleted PBMC.Conclusions
Extracellular vesicles from M. sympodialis, dendritic cells and plasma can contribute to cytokine responses in CD14, CD34 depleted and undepleted PBMC of AE patients and HC. These novel observations have implications for understanding host-microbe interactions in the pathogenesis of AE. 相似文献84.
Recreational big game hunters make a significant contribution to conservation through kills of deer, pigs, chamois and tahr. New opportunities for managing recreational hunting through the proposed Game Animal Council underscore the need to understand the implications of potential changes in recreational hunting participation and harvests. Based on a survey of hunters' recall over a year, hunters averaged 15.63 (SEM = 0.58) big game hunts per year, spending 30.53 (SEM = 0.85) days hunting and killing 8.92 (SEM = 0.69) big game animals. Hunters commonly targeted several species on a single hunt, with highly skewed distributions for hunter effort and kills. Mean monthly expenditure on big game hunting items was $296.78 (SEM = $8.95). Results demonstrate that big game hunting is a significant activity in New Zealand, but this varies considerably among hunters with a small number responsible for the vast majority of kills. These are important considerations for future big game hunting management. 相似文献
85.
Amin I Hussain K Akbergenov R Yadav JS Qazi J Mansoor S Hohn T Fauquet CM Briddon RW 《Molecular plant-microbe interactions : MPMI》2011,24(8):973-983
Begomoviruses (family Geminiviridae) are single-stranded DNA viruses transmitted by the whitefly Bemisia tabaci. Many economically important diseases in crops are caused by begomoviruses, particularly in tropical and subtropical environments. These include the betasatellite-associated begomoviruses causing cotton leaf curl disease (CLCuD) that causes significant losses to a mainstay of the economy of Pakistan, cotton. RNA interference (RNAi) or gene silencing is a natural defense response of plants against invading viruses. In counter-defense, viruses encode suppressors of gene silencing that allow them to effectively invade plants. Here, we have analyzed the ability of the begomovirus Cotton leaf curl Multan virus (CLCuMV) and its associated betasatellite, Cotton leaf curl Multan β-satellite (CLCuMB) which, together, cause CLCuD, and the nonessential alphasatellite (Cotton leaf curl Multan alphasatellite [CLCuMA]) for their ability to suppress gene silencing in Nicotiana benthamiana. The results showed that CLCuMV by itself was unable to efficiently block silencing. However, in the presence of the betasatellite, gene silencing was entirely suppressed. Silencing was not affected in any way when infections included CLCuMA, although the alphasatellite was, for the first time, shown to be a target of RNA silencing, inducing the production in planta of specific small interfering RNAs, the effectors of silencing. Subsequently, using a quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction assay and Northern blot analysis, the ability of all proteins encoded by CLCuMV and CLCuMB were assessed for their ability to suppress RNAi and the relative strengths of their suppression activity were compared. The analysis showed that the V2, C2, C4, and βC1 proteins exhibited suppressor activity, with the V2 showing the strongest activity. In addition, V2, C4, and βC1 were examined for their ability to bind RNA and shown to have distinct specificities. Although each of these proteins has, for other begomoviruses or betasatellites, been previously shown to have suppressor activity, this is the first time all proteins encoded by a geminiviruses (or begomovirus-betasatellite complex) have been examined and also the first for which four separate suppressors have been identified. 相似文献
86.
Manaswini Das Harsh Chauhan Anju Chhibbar Qazi Mohd. Rizwanul Haq Paramjit Khurana 《Transgenic research》2011,20(2):231-246
Osmotin and osmotin-like proteins are stress proteins belonging to the plant PR-5 group of proteins induced in several plant
species in response to various types of biotic and abiotic stresses. We report here the overexpression of tobacco osmotin
in transgenic mulberry plants under the control of a constitutive promoter (CaMV 35S) as well as a stress-inducible rd29A promoter. Southern analysis of the transgenic plants revealed the stable integration of the introduced genes in the transformants.
Real-time PCR analysis provided evidence for the expression of osmotin in the transgenic plants under both the constitutive
and stress-inducible promoters. Transgenic plants with the stress-inducible promoter were observed to better tolerate salt
and drought stress than those with the constitutive promoter. Transgenic plants when subjected to simulated salinity and drought
stress conditions showed better cellular membrane stability (CMS) and photosynthetic yield than non-transgenic plants under
conditions of both salinity and drought stress. Proline levels were very high in transgenic plants with the constitutive promoter
relative to those with the stress-inducible promoter. Fungal challenge undertaken with three fungal species known to cause
serious losses to mulberry cultivation, namely, Fusarium pallidoroseum, Colletotrichum gloeosporioides and Colletotrichum dematium, revealed that transgenic plants with osmotin under control of the constitutive promoter had a better resistance than those with osmotin under the control of the stress-inducible promoter. Evaluation in next generation was undertaken by studying bud break in
transgenic and non-transgenic plants under simulated drought (2% polyethylene glycol) and salt stress (200 mM NaCl) conditions.
The axillary buds of the selected transgenic lines had a better bud break percentage under stressed conditions than buds from
non-transgenic mulberry lines. A biotic assay with Bombyx mori indicated that osmotin protein had no undesirable effect on silkworm rearing and feeding. We therefore conclude that 35S
transgenic plants are better suited for both abiotic stress also biotic challenges (fungal), while the rd29A transgenic plants
are more responsive to drought. 相似文献
87.
Whaley-Connell A Govindarajan G Habibi J Hayden MR Cooper SA Wei Y Ma L Qazi M Link D Karuparthi PR Stump C Ferrario C Sowers JR 《American journal of physiology. Endocrinology and metabolism》2007,293(1):E355-E363
Angiotensin II (ANG II) contributes to cardiac remodeling, hypertrophy, and left ventricular dysfunction. ANG II stimulation of the ANG type 1 receptor (AT(1)R) generates reactive oxygen species via NADPH oxidase, which facilitates this hypertrophy and remodeling. This investigation sought to determine whether cardiac oxidative stress and cellular remodeling could be attenuated by in vivo AT(1)R blockade (AT(1)B) (valsartan) or superoxide dismutase/catalase mimetic (tempol) treatment in a rodent model of chronically elevated tissue levels of ANG II, the transgenic (mRen2) 27 rat (Ren2). Ren2 rats overexpress the mouse renin transgene with resultant hypertension, insulin resistance, proteinuria, and cardiovascular damage. Young (6-7 wk old) male Ren2 and age-matched Sprague-Dawley rats were treated with valsartan (30 mg/kg), tempol (1 mmol/l), or placebo for 3 wk. Heart tissue NADPH oxidase (NOX) activity and immunohistochemical analysis of subunits NOX2, Rac1, and p22(phox), heart tissue malondialdehyde, and insulin-stimulated protein kinase B (Akt) activation were measured. Structural changes were assessed with cine MRI, transmission electron microscopy, and light microscopy. Increases in septal wall thickness and altered systolic function (cine MRI) were associated with perivascular fibrosis and increased mitochondria in Ren2 on light and transmission electron microscopy (P < 0.05). AT(1)B, but not tempol, reduced blood pressure (P < 0.05); significant improvements were seen with both AT(1)B and tempol on NOX activity, subunit expression, malondialdehyde, and insulin-mediated activation/phosphorylation of Akt (each P < 0.05). Collectively, these data suggest cardiac oxidative stress-induced structural and functional changes are driven, in part, by AT(1)R-mediated increases in NADPH oxidase activity. 相似文献
88.
Shefah Qazi Masaki Uchida Robert Usselman Riley Shearer Ethan Edwards Trevor Douglas 《Journal of biological inorganic chemistry》2014,19(2):237-246
Virus-like particles are powerful platforms for the development of functional hybrid materials. Here, we have grown a cross-linked polymer (cross-linked aminoethyl methacrylate) within the confines of the bacteriophage P22 capsid (P22–xAEMA) and functionalized the polymer with various loadings of paramagnetic manganese(III) protoporphyrin IX (MnPP) complexes for evaluation as a macromolecular magnetic resonance imaging contrast agent. The resulting construct (P22–xAEMA–MnPP) has r 1,particle = 7,098 mM?1 s?1 at 298 K and 2.1 T (90 MHz) for a loading of 3,646 MnPP molecules per capsid. The Solomon–Bloembergen–Morgan theory for paramagnetic relaxivity predicts conjugating MnPP to P22, a supramolecular structure, would result in an enhancement in ionic relaxivity; however, all loadings experienced low ionic relaxivities, r 1,ionic, ranging from 1.45 to 3.66 mM?1 s?1, similar to the ionic relaxivity of free MnPP. We hypothesize that intermolecular interactions between neighboring MnPP molecules block access of water to the metal site, resulting in low r 1,ionic relaxivities. We investigated the effect of MnPP interactions on relaxivity further by either blocking or exposing water binding sites on MnPP. On the basis of these results, future design strategies for enhanced r 1,ionic relaxivity are suggested. The measured r 2,ionic relaxivities demonstrated an inverse relationship between loading and relaxivity. This results in a loading-dependent r 2/r 1 behavior of these materials indicating synthetic control over the relaxivity properties, making them interesting alternatives to current magnetic resonance imaging contrast agents. 相似文献
89.
Bhat BA Dhar KL Puri SC Qurishi MA Khajuria A Gupta A Qazi GN 《Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry》2005,13(24):6672-6677
Phytochemical investigation of Datura quercifolia (Solanaceae) plant yielded a new datura lactone, 1β,5,12-trihydroxy-6,7,24,25-diepoxy-20S,22R with-2-enolide (1), along with two known compounds, 2 and 3. The structure of 1 was established on the basis of spectral analysis, as well as by its chemical transformation into known datura lactones. These compounds have been evaluated for immunomodulatory activity by observing their effect on antibody production, T-cell and B-cell activation, and cytokine production from splenocytes. Compound 2 was found to be the most promising immunostimulator in the present study. 相似文献
90.