全文获取类型
收费全文 | 3512篇 |
免费 | 179篇 |
国内免费 | 7篇 |
专业分类
3698篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 12篇 |
2023年 | 35篇 |
2022年 | 158篇 |
2021年 | 214篇 |
2020年 | 91篇 |
2019年 | 111篇 |
2018年 | 137篇 |
2017年 | 90篇 |
2016年 | 159篇 |
2015年 | 200篇 |
2014年 | 216篇 |
2013年 | 258篇 |
2012年 | 263篇 |
2011年 | 256篇 |
2010年 | 126篇 |
2009年 | 118篇 |
2008年 | 165篇 |
2007年 | 157篇 |
2006年 | 139篇 |
2005年 | 117篇 |
2004年 | 111篇 |
2003年 | 108篇 |
2002年 | 95篇 |
2001年 | 25篇 |
2000年 | 15篇 |
1999年 | 29篇 |
1998年 | 28篇 |
1997年 | 19篇 |
1996年 | 8篇 |
1995年 | 20篇 |
1994年 | 15篇 |
1993年 | 16篇 |
1992年 | 11篇 |
1991年 | 12篇 |
1990年 | 8篇 |
1989年 | 15篇 |
1987年 | 10篇 |
1986年 | 8篇 |
1985年 | 13篇 |
1984年 | 5篇 |
1983年 | 9篇 |
1982年 | 10篇 |
1981年 | 11篇 |
1980年 | 13篇 |
1979年 | 6篇 |
1978年 | 9篇 |
1977年 | 7篇 |
1975年 | 6篇 |
1974年 | 5篇 |
1966年 | 5篇 |
排序方式: 共有3698条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
61.
A new photo oxidation system was established when rice starch was oxidized using UV irradiation and 4-(trimethyl ammoniummethyl) benzophenone chloride (BP2) as a photo initiator. BP2 is a water soluble photo initiator. The slurry prepared for photo oxidation contained rice starch, water and BP2 only. No oxidizing agents were added. Parameters affecting the photo oxidation process, i.e. temperature, concentration of BP2, material:liquor ratio and irradiation time were determined. The produced oxidized starch was evaluated by measuring the carboxyl content, carbonyl content and apparent viscosity. The produced photo oxidized rice starch showed sound increase in the carboxyl and carbonyl contents and sharp decrease in the apparent viscosity. The produced photo oxidized starch was tested for its suitability as a sizing agent for cotton yarns. Native starch and oxidized starch, used as a sizing agent by Misr Company of Spinning and Weaving in El-Mahalla El-Kubra (Egypt), were used for comparison. Sized cotton yarns were evaluated by measuring the tensile strength, elongation at break and percent of size removal. Cotton yarns sized using the prepared photo oxidized rice starch showed higher tensile strength, elongation at break and percent of size removal compared with native starch and oxidized starch used by Misr Company of Spinning and Weaving. 相似文献
62.
Sarower MG Okada S Abe H 《Comparative biochemistry and physiology. Part B, Biochemistry & molecular biology》2005,140(3):417-425
D-amino acid oxidase of carp (Cyprinus carpio) hepatopancreas was overexpressed in Escherichia coli cells and purified to homogeneity for the first time in animal tissues other than pig kidney. The purified preparation had a specific activity of 293 units mg(-1) protein toward D-alanine as a substrate. It showed the highest activity toward D-alanine with a low Km of 0.23 mM and a high kcat of 190 s(-1) compared to 10 s(-1) of the pig kidney enzyme. Nonpolar and polar uncharged D-amino acids were preferable substrates to negatively or positively charged amino acids. The enzyme exhibited better thermal and pH stabilities than several yeast counterparts or the pig kidney enzyme. Secondary structure topology consisted of 11 alpha-helices and 17 beta-strands that differed slightly from pig kidney and Rhodotorula gracilis enzymes. A three-dimensional model of the carp enzyme constructed from a deduced amino acid sequence resembled that of pig kidney D-amino acid oxidase but with a shorter active site loop and a longer C-terminal loop. Judging from these characteristics, carp D-amino acid oxidase is close to the pig kidney enzyme structurally, but analogous to the R. gracilis enzyme enzymatically in turnover rate and pH and temperature stabilities. 相似文献
63.
cDNA display: a novel screening method for functional disulfide-rich peptides by solid-phase synthesis and stabilization of mRNA–protein fusions 下载免费PDF全文
64.
Intensive cropping of Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiforum L.) in pots was used to assess the contribution of non-exchangeable K to plant uptake. The soils used were: two soils high in mica (illite) developed on recent alluvium plus two smectitic (beidellitic) soils and a soil of mixed mineralogy rich in mica. Four K treatments were used (0, 28.6, 143, and 286 mg kg-1 soil) with 8 successive monthly cuttings. A response of plant K uptake to added K was observed in all soils. Both 1.0 M NH40Ac and 0.2 M CaCl2 extractable K were depleted to a minimum level specific for each soil. The minima were lower in the old upland soils compared to the young alluvial soils. Uptake of K by Italian ryegrass induced K release from the non-exchangeable K to replenish the plant available pool of K ions. The release of mica interlayer K in the alluvial and in the high K smectitic soil supplied sufficient K to plants even under intensive cropping. The rate of mobilization of interlayer K was low in the smectitic soil with lower K. The lowest release rate was in the old high mica soil. Iron coatings may have inhibited mobilization of interlayer K. The rates of mobilization cannot be predicted from mineralogical and K-extraction data only. The rates of K uptake and the rates of K release by ryegrass under intensive cropping are potential values which can be used for modelling K availability to plants in the soils studied. 相似文献
65.
Alvarez-Fernández M Halim VA Aprelia M Laoukili J Mohammed S Medema RH 《The Journal of biological chemistry》2011,286(38):33029-33036
66.
Takos AM Knudsen C Lai D Kannangara R Mikkelsen L Motawia MS Olsen CE Sato S Tabata S Jørgensen K Møller BL Rook F 《The Plant journal : for cell and molecular biology》2011,68(2):273-286
Cyanogenic glucosides are amino acid-derived defence compounds found in a large number of vascular plants. Their hydrolysis by specific β-glucosidases following tissue damage results in the release of hydrogen cyanide. The cyanogenesis deficient1 (cyd1) mutant of Lotus japonicus carries a partial deletion of the CYP79D3 gene, which encodes a cytochrome P450 enzyme that is responsible for the first step in cyanogenic glucoside biosynthesis. The genomic region surrounding CYP79D3 contains genes encoding the CYP736A2 protein and the UDP-glycosyltransferase UGT85K3. In combination with CYP79D3, these genes encode the enzymes that constitute the entire pathway for cyanogenic glucoside biosynthesis. The biosynthetic genes for cyanogenic glucoside biosynthesis are also co-localized in cassava (Manihot esculenta) and sorghum (Sorghum bicolor), but the three gene clusters show no other similarities. Although the individual enzymes encoded by the biosynthetic genes in these three plant species are related, they are not necessarily orthologous. The independent evolution of cyanogenic glucoside biosynthesis in several higher plant lineages by the repeated recruitment of members from similar gene families, such as the CYP79s, is a likely scenario. 相似文献
67.
Ebrahim AM Eltayeb M Benker B Grill P Attahir M Osman A Elsadig M Michalke B 《Biological trace element research》2011,144(1-3):225-233
This study was performed to investigate trace elements and arsenic contents among Sudanese inhabitants living in the north, east, and west of Sudan. Inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry was used to determine the contents of Zn and Cu. Graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry was used to determine Se in serum samples. It was found that Se and Cu are in the normal range. Zinc showed discrepancies among all studied groups. Acute Zn deficiency was detected in the northern and eastern regions of Sudan. Inductively coupled plasma mass spectroscopy was operated in the dynamic reaction cell mode to determine the arsenic content in the nail samples of the northern inhabitants of Sudan. High values of arsenic were found in the northern people compared with the control group. This elevation could be linked to the misuse of insecticides and herbicides which might be associated with the high rate of cancer incidence in this region. 相似文献
68.
Haba H Lavaud C Harkat H Alabdul Magid A Marcourt L Benkhaled M 《Phytochemistry》2007,68(9):1255-1260
Two new compounds with tigliane and cycloartane skeletons: 4,12-dideoxy(4alpha)phorbol-13-hexadecanoate (1) and 24-methylenecycloartane-3,28-diol (2), respectively, in addition of four known diterpenoids and 13 triterpenoids: 3-benzoyloxy-5,15-diacetoxy-9,14-dioxojatropha-6(17),11-diene (4), ent-abieta-8(14),13(15)-dien-16,12-olide (5), ent-8alpha,14alpha-epoxyabieta-11,13(15)-dien-16,12-olide (6), ent-3-hydroxyatis-16(17)-ene-2,14-dione (7), 3beta-hydroxytaraxer-14-en-28-oic acid (8), beta-sitosteryl-3beta-glucopyranoside-6'-O-palmitate (9), multiflorenyl acetate (10), multiflorenyl palmitate (11), peplusol (12), 24-methylenecycloartanol (3), lanosterol (13), euferol (14), butyrospermol (15), cycloartenol (16), obtusifoliol (17), cycloeucalenol (18) and beta-sitosterol (19), were isolated from the roots of Euphorbia guyoniana. Their structures were established on the basis of physical and spectroscopic analysis, including 1D and 2D homo- and heteronuclear NMR experiments (COSY, HSQC, HMBC and NOESY) and by comparison with the literature data. 相似文献
69.
Fung EN Xia YQ Aubry AF Zeng J Olah T Jemal M 《Journal of chromatography. B, Analytical technologies in the biomedical and life sciences》2011,879(27):2919-2927
A liquid chromatography-full scan high resolution accurate mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS) method for quantifying prednisone and prednisolone in human plasma using a quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometer (Q-TOF) was developed. Plasma samples were extracted using a liquid-liquid extraction procedure. Full scan data were acquired in the TOF only mode and extracted ion chromatograms were generated post-acquisition with the exact masses of the analytes. The calibration range was 5-2500 ng/mL, with a Lower Limit of Quantitation (LLOQ) of 5 ng/mL. The assay accuracy was between 98.4% and 106.3%. The between-run (inter-day) and within-run (intra-day) precision were within 1.7% and 2.9%, respectively. The matrix effect was between 0.98 and 1.10 for the six different lots of human plasma evaluated. Pooled incurred samples were analyzed by the method and the results matched those obtained from an LC-MS/MS method. In addition, qualitative information on phospholipids, and other endogenous components were also extracted from the full-scan data acquired. 相似文献
70.
Guillem Prats-Ejarque Jose A. Blanco Vivian A. Salazar Victòria M. Nogués Mohammed Moussaoui Ester Boix 《Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA)/General Subjects》2019,1863(1):105-117