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31.
"生态环境"一词的合理性与科学性辨析   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
张林波  舒俭民  王维  安达 《生态学杂志》2006,25(10):1296-1300
“生态环境”一词是比较中国化的、在中国使用频率较高的一个词。目前中国生态学界和环境科学界开展了一场关于“生态环境”一词合理性和科学性的热烈讨论。本文在文献综述的基础上,系统总结了有关“生态环境”一词的争论与观点,从“生态”和“环境”两词概念含义、学科发展、语义发展等方面探讨了“生态环境”一词的合理性与科学性,分析了在这场争论和讨论中的一些错误认识。  相似文献   
32.
目的:优化SD大鼠胰岛细胞的分离、纯化和培养方法与条件,为研究miR-126在Ⅱ型糖尿病中的作用机制提供活性与功能良好的胰岛细胞及miR-126表达的检测方法。方法:水合氯醛腹腔注射麻醉SD大鼠,采用8 mL胶原酶Ⅴ(含DNaseⅠ100 U)逆行注射、原位消化后Hitopaque-1077梯度离心分离纯化SD大鼠胰岛细胞,从培养后的胰岛细胞中提取总RNA,分别用加尾法和茎环法进行miR-126的反转录,实时定量PCR(qPCR)检测miR-126的表达量。结果:用该方法可从每只SD大鼠中分离、纯化得到胰岛细胞372±45个,胰岛细胞纯度90%,胰岛细胞存活率95%;用加尾法和茎环法qPCR检测miR-126的Cp值分别为34.56±2.56和32.47±2.01。结论:胶原酶Ⅴ(含DNaseⅠ100 U)逆行注射、原位消化可有效避免因消化时胶状物质的产生而导致的胰岛细胞分离失败,Hitopque-1077梯度离心分离方法具有操作简单、便捷、成功率高等特点,可得到活性与功能较好的胰岛细胞;与加尾法相比,茎环法能够更灵敏地检测胰岛细胞miR-126的表达量。  相似文献   
33.
目的:克隆向日葵中的ACC氧化酶基因(HaACO1),并对其进行生物信息学分析及盐胁迫表达分析,为理解向日葵ACC氧化酶生理功能并加强对ACO基因的利用奠定基础。方法:以前期从盐胁迫的内葵杂4号根中获得的ACC氧化酶基因片段4-4-7TDF(KM823963)为基础,通过RT-PCR和5'/3'RACE技术克隆ACO基因的全长cDNA序列,利用生物信息学软件对获得的cDNA序列及编码的蛋白质序列进行分析。同时采用PCR方法克隆基因组DNA(genemic DNA,gDNA)序列,并对其进行结构分析。利用实时荧光定量PCR分析Na Cl胁迫下向日葵根、下胚轴、叶中HaACO1的表达量和不同NaCl浓度及不同胁迫时间下根中Ha ACO1的表达量。结果:Ha ACO1的cDNA序列全长为1 135bp,其开放阅读框为942bp,编码313个氨基酸。预测其分子质量和等电点分别为35.84k Da和5.13,基因登录号为KP966508。HaACO1与已报道的多种植物的ACO基因核苷酸序列及其推导的氨基酸序列有较高的相似性,分别为76%~83%和77%~88%。gDNA起始密码子至终止密码子序列长1 018bp,包含2个外显子和1个内含子,基因登录号为KP988289。实时荧光定量PCR分析表明向日葵HaACO1在不同器官及不同NaCl浓度、不同时间诱导下存在特异性表达差异。结论:获得的向日葵HaACO1是植物ACO家族成员之一,该基因应答盐胁迫具有独特的表达模式。  相似文献   
34.
The cytotoxicity in freshwater fishes due to different industrial dyes in industrial effluents is a major worldwide issue. Hematoxylin dye has a wide range of uses in textile industries and laboratories. This study was aimed to evaluate the toxic effects of hematoxylin's sublethal effect in vitro in Cirrhinus mrigala. The fish was exposed to different grading concentrations of dye in the aquarium. Fish were sacrificed and dissected to remove the kidney after exposure to hematoxylin dye for specific time intervals. Nephrotoxicity and cytotoxicity induced by this dye were detected through histopathology by using the paraffin wax method. Immediate mortality of fish was noticed against the exposure to 0.08 g/L (LC50) concentration of dye, but at 0.008 mg/L and 0.018 mg/L, it showed tremendous tissue damage in the kidneys, significant reduction in fish growth. This dye induced many alterations in the kidney such as tubular degeneration, vacuolation, shrinkage of a glomerulus, reduced lumen, congestion in the kidney, glomerulonephritis, absence of Bowmen space, necrosis of the hematopoietic interstitial tissues, clogging of tubules, necrosis in the glomerulus and increased space between glomerulus and bowmen's capsule. Although this dye has a wide range of biological and industrial applications, a minute amount of hematoxylin released in effluents is quite toxic to aquatic fauna.  相似文献   
35.
34Fusarium graminearum Schw isolates produced 4-deoxynivalenol to form significant amounts of 4, 7 — dideoxynivalenol and lesser amounts of 4 — deoxynivalenol monoacetates on grain substratesin vitro. This is the first report on the capability a large group of naturally occurring isolates to produce 4,7-dideoxynivalenol. The average levels of 4,7-dideoxynivalenol on rice, corn, barley, and wheat as a substrate were respectively 26.8, 14.0, 12.8, and 10.5% of the level of 4-deoxynivalenol. 4, 7 — dideoxynivalenol was present in all examined naturally contaminated wheat kernel samples at levels of 1.7 to 7.9% of the level of 4-deoxynivalenol. These findings suggest that more attention should be given to the occurrence of 4,7-dideoxynivalenol in cereals.  相似文献   
36.
The effect of mouse anti-mosquito antibodies, present in the bloodmeal, on the infectivity of Plasmodium berghei Vincke to Anopheles farauti Laveran was investigated. Significantly fewer oocysts developed in mosquitoes feeding on mice immunized with sugar-fed mosquito midgut antigens than in mosquitoes feeding on control mice. Mosquitoes feeding on mice immunized with the midgut antigens derived from sugar-fed mosquitoes also showed reduced mortality and had lower infection rates than those fed on unimmunized mice. Blood-fed midgut antigen was less effective in producing these effects than sugar-fed midgut antigen.  相似文献   
37.
基于黄河三角洲滨海湿地2005、2010与2017年3个时期的Landsat TM/OLI影像,利用遥感和地理信息技术,对黄河三角洲滨海湿地的潮沟与植被覆盖度的分布格局与动态变化进行了分析,并运用网格搜索法,对研究区的潮沟与植被覆盖度进行相关分析。结果表明:(1) 2005—2017年黄河三角洲滨海湿地植被覆盖度不断提高,低植被覆盖度的面积减少了233.73 km2,高植被覆盖度的面积增加了165.85 km2;(2) 2005—2017年黄河三角洲滨海湿地的潮沟长度和面积不断增加,频数也在增加,其中2017年滨海湿地东南部的潮沟长度达到216.13 km,面积为22.23 km2,长度和面积分别比2005年增加了36.91%和49%;(3) 2005—2017年黄河三角洲潮沟分布与植被覆盖度呈负相关,其中2010年、2017年的潮沟与植被覆盖度呈显著相关(P<0.05),这说明黄河三角洲的潮沟的空间分布与区域植被的长势密切相关。  相似文献   
38.
Abstract. The techniques of molecular biology are being employed to investigate at the gene level the systemically mediated, wound-induced accumulation of two defensive proteinase inhibitor proteins in plant leaves. These techniques have added a new dimension to biochemical and physiological studies already underway to understand the mechanism of induction by wounding. The acquisition of cDNAs from the RNAs coding for the two inhibitors facilitated studies of mRNA synthesis in leaves in response to wounding, and provided probes to obtain wound-inducible proteinase inhibitor genes from tomato ( Lycopersicon esculentum ) and potato (Solarium tuberosum) genomes. Successful transformations of tobacco plants with fused genes, containing the 5' and 3' regions of the inhibitor genes with the open reading frame of the chloramphenicol acelyltransferase ( cat ) gene, have provided a wound-inducible chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CATase) activity with which to seek cis- and transacting elements that regulate wound-inducibility to help to understand the interaction of cytoplasmic and nuclear components of the intracellular communication systems that activate the proteinase inhibitor genes in response to wounding by insect pests.  相似文献   
39.
宁夏盐池荒漠草原植被的数量分类和排序   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
为检验荒漠草原封育恢复的效果,对宁夏盐池围封9年的退化草场进行了植被调查,共记录34个物种,分属于12个科、27个属,其中豆科(9种)、禾本科(7种)、菊科(6种)所含物种数较多.与封育前相比,物种组成基本相同,常见种和建群种发生了明显变化.采用PCA排序和分层聚类将80个样方分为长芒草、白草、赖草3个群系,依据建群种或优势种的生物学特性将其生境划分为旱生生境、中生生境和轻度盐渍化生境.3个群系的演替速率不同,其中长芒草群系演替进入反应阶段,赖草群系的演替等级相对较高.群系间存在激烈的资源竞争关系,风蚀能够促进赖草群系的进一步扩大.建议通过划区轮牧的方式合理调控长芒草群系和赖草群系的放牧时期,以提高草场的放牧利用价值,降低赖草群系的扩张危险.  相似文献   
40.
An alkaline, SDS-stable protease optimally active at pH 11 from a Bacillus sp. RGR-14 was produced in a complex medium containing soybean meal, starch and calcium carbonate. The protease was active over a wide temperature range of 20–80 °C with major activity between 45 and 70 °C. The protease was completely stable for 1 h in 0.1% SDS and retained 70% of its activity in the presence of 0.5% SDS after 1 h of incubation. The enzyme was active in presence of surfactants (ionic and non-ionic) with 29% enhancement in activity in Tween-85 and was also stable in various oxidizing agents with 100 and 60% activity in presence of 1% sodium perborate and 1% H2O2, respectively. The enzyme was also compatible with commercial detergents (1% w/v) such as Surf, Ariel, Wheel, Fena and Nirma, retaining more than 70% activity in all the detergents after 1 h. Wash performance analysis of grass and blood stains on cotton fabric showed an increase in reflectance (14 and 25% with grass and blood stains, respectively) after enzyme treatment. However, enzyme in conjunction with detergent proved best, with a maximum reflectance change of 46 and 34% for grass and blood stain removal, respectively, at 45 °C. Stain removal was also effective after protease treatment at 25 and 60 °C.  相似文献   
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